B Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 1.8? and iP Cucws ~ P01 yw Pa: igh Pass Circuits Let us begin by looking at Circuit 2 of our Review Example handout. Itis a single-pole, low pass filter and its transfer function is: 1 1 Vis) _ _sC__ RC Vis) Lip Ly. stu, sotk Rots ° Circuit ‘Nicolas AF Jaeger. Nott be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. oo Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 p.8?. and WP Cieuis— P02 Figure 1 shows the transfer function for a single-pole, low pass filter having R = Ik and C = IpF. Frequency (Hz) Figure 1.Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 1p BP.and HP Crcuts Pas Let us look at Circuit 1 from our Review Example handout. We must already begin to think in terms of the application; if C, and C2 are chosen poorly it becomes a "no-pass" filter, if chosen well it is a band pass filter. To be a band pass filter C\>C,. Ry Circuit 1. «Nicolas A. F Jaeger. Not tobe copied, used, oF revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner: oS Electrical and Computer Engineering — EECE 356 LP, BP, and HP Circus P64 Assuming C,>C, , it is, hopefully, intuitively obvious that at low frequency Circuit 1 should look like Ry Cc, ~~ = R, * . Figure 2. - which is a low-pass circuit.Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 UP. and HPCicuss ~ PS Still, we begin with the complete analysis of Circuit 1. In it Vis) _ _ Z, Vis) ZZ, where Z, = Rite and Z,= Rll which gives ae _ Vi(s) _ 1+sR,C, _ R, Vis) py oe (R,+ (1s RCo) + Rs 7 +TrsR ror sc, or {Cicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. & Electrical and Computer Engineering — EECE 356 LP, BP, and HP Circuits —~ P 6.6 Vs) Ry 1 Ryt Rat sR RaCa4 sR,C, (R,+R,)8C,+8°R,R,C,Cy+sR,Cy+1 sR,C, RiR,C,C, [lRtRICL RC, 1 RR,C,C, RCC, |" RRCC, finally givingB Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 7.89. ontiPGreus ~P 07 Clearly the transfer function has one zero (in fact, there is a second zero at infinity) and two poles. The zero is at s=0 and the poles are at the roots of the denominator of Equation 1; w,, and ®,) are obtained from factoring the denominator, i.e., by writing the denominator as (s+w,;)(s+W,:)=0 Eq. 2 and solving for the values of s that satisfy Equation 2, By doing so we obtain, using the quadratic equation, ‘Nicolas A. F Jaeger. Nott be copied, used, oF revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner oS Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356.8». andi? Cisuis P68 1 1 1 1 otf, 1,1 Sa +(gstats R,C 1 1 1 1 1 a + ee 4 ( R,C, RC, ac R,R,C,C, | However, if one capacitor is much larger than the other, usually a DC 1 1 . os . na i blocking capacitor is large, i.e., C,>>C, , then RC, RC, RC, giving ieee {L\]__ 1 2"\ RCs} | RRC sx-tf 1, 2) B,C," RC, 1 1 +s = fea rial *& Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 1. andiipCreuts— P99 Since C\>C, we al 1 yd ; 1 2 so have 2R, RC R,R,C,C, and we get siae—tfotie pelt ae +t =0or- 2\ RC, RC,}- 2\ RC, R,Cy Clearly, our low frequency pole is not exactly at 0 rad, therefore, we will set our high frequency pole to Loi \ afi ~ + =(t4t P VRC, RG} C,\R, ey sont ww, or and attempt to find and approximation for yy ‘CNicolas A. F. Jaeger. Not to be copied, used, or revised without explicit written permission from the copyright owner. oS Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356, 8?.and te Cucaits ~ Pe 10 We can find the low frequency pole from Equation 2 and the denominator of Equation 1 (see page 7). To do so we can write Equation 2as (stW,)(S+W,.)=9'+(w,,+W9)S+W,,W,.=0 and, equating this with the denominator of Equation 1, we have that 1 Pane WO, 0,2 = RRC,C, . Using this for the product of the , our approximation of w,, becomes 1 1 W 1) ®— >> — = C,_ R|||R. PT Wy RR C\C,? il or en *RIR:C\C, C,(R,+R3) w where R,=R,+R, —| ~_! "CR,8 Electrical and Computer Engineering —EECE 356 1P.8P. snd tiPCroms— P61 These approximate locations of w,; and ,, are the “pole frequencies” of the low frequency (high-pass) circuit ve RG ie ° qi + vy Mele Jaen XY R = Veer) R = = 1 Vie sdatene\ = ve . ao py 28 tees ster by Gap |] EE SE and high frequency (low-pass) circuit VB cared — R, ~ — Pale 2 + ¥ i @® ica po Ve T cz + Nicos A. F dagger: Not to be copied, edo eid without expt writen peraision from the opaisht wine