PROBLEM 1

A timber column of square cross-section has a length of

TIMBER COLUMNS 3m and a dimension of 140mm. It is pin supported at the
ends.
a. Determine the type of column.
A. Axially Loaded Columns b. Determine the allowable compressive stress.
c. Determine the allowable axial load.
1. Straight Line Formula (Winslow Formula)
a. Short Column (Le/d < 15) PROBLEM 2
An old Apitong post 200mm x 300mm x 4.25m long has
𝐿
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐(1 − ) been previously designed with an allowable compressive
60𝑑
strength of 9.56MPa and a modulus of elasticity of
b. Long Column (Le/d > 15 but less than 50) 7310MPa. It is designed to substitute the old post with a
1 yakal post of the same length as the old post. Allowable
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐
4 compressive stress for Yakal is 15.8 MPa with a modulus
2. NSCP 2010 (Forest Product Laboratory Formula) of elasticity of 9780MPa.
a. Short Column (Le/d < 11) a. Determine the axial load capacity of Apitong.
b. What size of the Yakal post is required to replace the
𝐹𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝑐 Apitong?
b. Intermediate Column (Le/d > 11 but less than K)
FLEXURE AND AXIAL COMPRESSION
𝐸 Members subjected to both flexure and axial
𝐾 = 0.671√ compression shall be proportioned such that:
𝐹𝑐
𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑏
1 𝐿𝑒 4 + ′ < 1.0
𝐹𝑐′ = 𝐹𝑐 [1 − ( ) ] 𝐹𝑐 ′ 𝐹𝑏 − 𝐽𝑓𝑐
3 𝐾𝑑
Where:
𝐿𝑒
b. Intermediate Column (Le/d > 11 and greater than K) − 11
𝐽= 𝑑
0.3𝐸 𝐾 − 11
𝐹𝑐′ =
𝐿𝑒 2 Except that J shall not be less than zero nor greater than
( )
𝑑 one.
Effective Length of Column
Le = Ke*Lu PROBLEM 1
A timber wall is 50mm wide, 150mm deep having a
height of 3.5m and is assumed to be hinged at top and
bottom. It is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of
300 N/m acting along the weaker axis of the entire
height.
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 16.5MPa
Modulus of Elasticity = 7310 MPa
Compression parallel to the grain = 9.56MPa
a. Determine the allowable compressive stress if only
axial load is acting.
b. Determine the allowable bending stress.
c. Determine the safe axial load it could carry.

Effective Length Factors based on buckling

B. Tapered Columns C. Axial Load with Bending
NCSP 2010 Section 617.4 Tapered Columns Interaction Value for Axial and Bending
When designing a tapered column with a rectangular
cross section, tapered at one or both ends, the 𝑓𝑎 𝑓𝑏
+ ≤ 1.0
representative dimension, drep for each face of the 𝐹𝑎 𝐹𝑏
column shall be derived as follows:

𝒍 − 𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒑 = 𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 + (𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 )[𝒂 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 (
𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙
Support Conditions:
Large end fixed, small end unsupported a = 0.70
Small end fixed, large end unsupported a = 0.30
PROBLEM 1
)]
A timber column carries an axial load of 310kN at the
center and an eccentric load of 130kN at an eccentricity
of 75mm and another moment of 4.50 kN-m acting at the
top due to unequal length of girders supported by the
column. The column has a length of 3.6m.

Both ends simply supported: Allowable compressive stress parallel to grain = 12.4 MPa
Tapered toward one end a = 0.50 Allowable bending stress = 13.2 MPa
Tapered toward both ends a = 0.70 Modulus of Elasticity of wood = 138000 MPa
Column Dimension: 250mm x 250mm
For all other support conditions:
a. Compute the maximum limit of the slenderness ratio
𝟏 which would indicate whether it is a long or intermediate
𝑫 = 𝑫𝒎𝒊𝒏 + (𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝑫𝒎𝒊𝒏 )( )
𝟑 column.
b. Determine the allowable compressive stress.
The design of a column of round cross section shall be c. Compute the interaction value for combined axial and
based on the design calculations for a square column of bending.
the same cross-sectional area and having the same
degree of taper.

PROBLEM 1
A tapered column has an unsupported height of
3.6m with a buckling factor of 1.0. It has an upper
diameter of 250mmØ and 400mmØ at the bottom.
Allowable compressive stress parallel to the grain is
12.4 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 11000 MPa.
a. Determine the slenderness ratio of the tapered
column.
b. Determine the allowable compressive stress of
the column.
c. Determine the safe axial load capacity of the
column.