Extended Holiday Assignment Part 6 Class_4B_____

_Name _Ho Yan Ki_________________________( 13 )

Submission instructions
1. Put your answer on the worksheet.
2. Save as a file using your exam no + P6.1 for example, 4121P6.1, 4419P6.1 etc. as the file name.
3. Then upload to Geography google classroom.

4.6 Is it possible to build a sustainable city?

Focus of this unit:

 Concept of sustainable development  Sustainable city

A What is urban planning? Textbook p. 77

1 Which of the following descriptions about urban planning in Hong Kong is/are correct? Tick
() the correct answer(s).

 It is a process guiding and controlling the development and use of land.

It only concerns the use of land in urban areas, but not in rural areas.

 It involves various interest groups, such as the government and the public.

 It adheres to the concept of sustainable development.

B What is sustainable development? What is a sustainable

city? Textbook p. 77

1 a Fill in the blanks below to show the concept of sustainable development.

In simple terms, sustainable development is a mode of development that meets the needs
of both present and future generations.
b Table 1 shows the major principles of sustainable development. What are these
principles? Complete the table.
Table 1
Principle Economic Environmental Social
development conservation progress

Description ‧ Maintain ‧ Minimize the use of ‧ Develop an inclusive

economic natural resources society
prosperity ‧ Reduce the negative ‧ Consider the needs of
‧ Develop a impact on local ( certain / all ) groups of
diversified environment and on people so as to achieve
economy our neighbours social equity
‧ Create job ‧ Preserve common ‧ Improve living
opportunities resources , quality for the public and
of such as air and conserve social assets,
various skills water e.g. heritage
 c Fill in the blanks below to show what a sustainable city is.

A city which applies the concept of sustainable development is called

a sustainable city. This type of city focuses on a balance between economic
growth and a better social and environmental quality.
2 Below shows the situations in five cities. None of them can be regarded as a sustainable city.
Why?

City A There is no
development is
allowed for nature
conservation.

City B The city does not

conserve the assets of
the public. It pulled
down the heritage
into residential-high
rises.

City C It does not minimize

the use of natural
resources and it does
not meet the needs of
the present without
compromising the
ability of future
generations to meet
their needs.

City D They eat too much

salmon which harm
the biodiversity. They
do not preserve the
common resources.
City E The farmland is
converted into other
uses of land. Farmers
do not have jobs to
do.
C How can we achieve economic development? Textbook pp. 78–9

1 a The following chart shows how the government promotes the economy of Hong Kong.
Fill in the blanks with correct words.
Economic development

‧ Maintain economic prosperity

‧ Diversified the economy

Develop innovation and Establish other new ‘ Strengthen the links

Central Business with the Mainland and
technology Districts’ the world
industry
b How can the following projects promote economic development in Hong Kong? Explain
your answers in Table 2 (pp. 42–3).
Table 2
Project Economic benefit to Hong Kong
A Joint development of Lok Ma Chau Loop  Promote the agglomeration of
innovation and technology
industry
 Diversify economy by providing
adequate land resources for the
high-tech industries
 Enhance tertiary education
facilitates to nature and attract
talents
Table 2 (Cont.)
Project Economic benefit to Hong Kong
B East Lantau Metropolis (ELM)  Increase land supply for trading,
financial, professional and
supporting services.

C Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB)  Maintain a close economic

relationship with the Mainland,
South-east Asian countries and
other countries

c Other than the above projects, name TWO projects that have been/will be carried out in Hong
Kong to foster economic development.
Western Economic Corridor ,Eastern Knowledge and Technology and Corridor

2 How can economic sustainability promote environmental and social sustainability?

With the above projects, the economic growth of Hong Kong will be enhanced and more
Jobs will be created. Having a stronger economic basis means more economic resources to
protect our environment and carry out social services for the less fortunate.
D How can we conserve the environment? Textbook pp. 80–5

1 Figure 1 is taken in Hong Kong. Refer to the photo and answer the following questions.
a What is the form of urban
development shown in Figure 1?
Compact urban form

b Complete the following table for the

following questions.
i What are the benefits of this
form of urban development?
It is a highly-sustainable form of urban
development. (Credit: Warren Gibb/Dreamstime.com)
Figure 1

ii Fill in ‘ECON’ in the bracket if the benefit meets the principle of economic
sustainability, ‘ENV’ for environmental sustainability and ‘SOC’ for social
sustainability.
iii What are the drawbacks of this form of urban development?

Benefit Drawback
‧ Use fewer land resources to accommodate a large ‧ Less pleasant
population ( ENV ) living environment

‧ Conserve large pieces of water bodies and green areas. This and smaller living

slows down the process of urban encroachment/sprawl space due to

higher

( ENV ) population and

development
‧ ( Longer / Shorter ) commuting distance between suburbs
density
and main urban areas allows a quicker flow of passengers
‧ High-rise buildings
and goods in the city ( ECON )
may block
‧ Able to maintain an efficient and cheap mass transit
sunlight and
system ( ECON ), which:
wind flows,
- reduces the consumption of fuels ( ENV )
 - reduces the emission of air pollutants and creating a

GHG Wall effect

( ENV )

‧ Facilitate the exchange of information and ideas, and thus

induce innovation ( ECON )
 Improve the liveability of a city
2 The first way to improve the liveability of our city is to create a pleasant living environment.
Complete the chart below to show some strategies to improve our living environment.

Strategy 1 Example
Control population Decrease the development
intensity from north to south in
density in Yuen Long South PDA
NDAs/PDAs

Aim
Strategy 2 Example Create a more
Increase open space in the Revitalise the Kai Tak pleasant living
main urban River and Tsui Ping River environment
areas

Example
Strategy 3 Revitalise nullahs and preserve
Increase open space natural streams in Yuen Long
in NDAs/PDAs South PDA

3 The second way to improve the liveability of our city is to promote smart and green transport.
a Figure 2 shows a general comparison of carbon emissions per passenger between
different transport modes. Refer to Figure 2 and answer the question on p. 46.

Figure 2
 What can you learn from Figure 2?

‧ Electric train is the cleanest type of transport mode. Its amount of carbon

emission is only about 6 of private cars.

‧ ( Rail / Road ) transport is greener than ( rail / road ) transport.

b How can rail transport in Hong Kong meet the concept of sustainable development?

It eases traffic congestion and fosters the economic

development of society.
The property prices in areas around railway stations are
Economic
low .
sustainability
High passenger flow in the stations facilitates commercial
activities, e.g. retailing, promotion and advertising.

It is a mass transit system which saves

costs .
It does not emit air pollutants during operation.

Environmental It does not produce greenhouse gases during

sustainability operation.
It cuts down the use of private cars. This reduces the pollutants
and land pressure caused by private cars.

Social Large passenger flow allows the rail services to be provided at

sustainability affordable costs to the public.

c Other than developing rail transport, there are some other measures to promote smart and
green transport in Hong Kong. Fill in the flow chart on p. 47 to find out more details.
 Building cycling tracks Improving urban footpath

(Credit: Seaonweb/Dreamstime.com) (Credit: Seaonweb/Dreamstime.com)

Cut down the use of motor cars They are the most Maintain good
equitable forms of health
transport because
they are affordable
Reduce the use of vehicles
by most people

Reduce the emissions of air pollutans

and greenhouse gases

Environmental sustainability Economic

sustainability

4 The third way to improve the liveability of our city is to improve urban designs.
Photos A–D (pp. 47–8) show four types of urban designs. Which of them fit the concept of
sustainable development? Put a tick () if it is and a cross (X) if it is not. Explain your
answers.

A
Closely packed and continuous
high-rise buildings along
waterfront cause ‘ Wall effect

’. They block natural

airflow and sunlight .(
Higher / Lower ) temperature may
result in the area behind these
 buildings.

(Credit:Chingyunsong/Dreamstime.com )

B
Large opening in the building
allows ventilation .
Moreover, plenty of open
space reduces congestion, vehicle
flow, roadside emissions and lower
urban temperature through
transpiration .

C
Horizontal signboards block
airflow and sight
in the street.

(Credit: Tea/Dreamstime.com)

D
 The height equals to around
eight storeys of the public
housing nearby.

Low and discontinuous podium blocks airflow at street level. This makes
pollutants produced by motor cars more difficult to disperse . This results in
higher temperature and poorer air quality at the street level.
5 The forth way to improve the liveability of our city is to construct eco-buildings.
a What green features can you find from the buildings below? Fill in boxes A–D.
b Why are these features environmentally-friendly? Fill in dotted boxes a–c.

A Using skylights to maximize B Using two -level lighting control

sunlight penetration

(Credit: Hong Kong Housing Authority)

a
Save energy

C Having communal sky or podium gardnes D Using hydroelectric power for the hot
water system

b c
Improve air quality, building insulation and It is a renewable energy resource
eco- efficiency which is clean
 Preserve natural resources and biodiversity
6 Designating protected areas is a major way to conserve our countryside.
a Figure 3 shows the protected natural areas in Hong Kong. Refer to the map and complete
the table that follows.
i Identify the types of protected areas A–D.
ii For each type of protected areas, name ONE local example.

Figure 3

Protected area Type Local example

A Geopark boundary Sai Kung Region, North-east New

Territories Region

B Country park Tai Lam Country Park

C Marine park Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park

D Special area Lantau Peak

b Fill in the blanks with suitable words to show the functions of these protected areas.
‧ Provide recreational and educational resources to the public
‧ Enhance biodiversity
‧ Purify freshwater
‧ Regulate urban climate
7 Reducing carbon emissions is another way to conserve the natural environment.
The table below shows two measures to reduce carbon emissions in Hong Kong. Complete the
table to find out more details.
Measure Description Advantage Disadvantage/Limitation

Converting ‧ Using landfill ‧ Reduce the needs for ‧ High construction

waste to gas and waste natural gases costs of the
energy heat in ‧ Provide a stable source of waste-to-energy
incinerators energy facilities
to generate ‧ Landfill gas is a kind
electricity of greenhouse gas
‧ E.g. the T•Park ‧ May emit air
in Tuen Mun pollutants/harmful
gases during

Revision table
incineration
Placing ‧ E.g. on Shek Pik ‧ Low maintenance costs ‧ High installation
floating Reservoir and ‧ Save precious natural costs
solar Plover Cove resources ‧ Not all reservoirs are
panels on Reservoir ‧ The cooling effect of suitable for the
reservoirs water helps maintain the installation of
and ponds temperature of the panels. floating solar panels,

Hence, solar panels in e.g. reservoirs in

water have a higher windy location

rate of power ‧ Cause visual

generation than those on pollution
land

‧ Water surface is covered

by the panels. This
reduces water
consumption
and thus saves water
‧ Solar panels may block
sunlight. This helps
suppress buildings
growth and thus improves
air quality
8 The third way to preserve our natural resources is to regulate the use of land.
The chart below shows two measures of regulating the use of land in Hong Kong. Circle or
fill in the blanks
Measure 1 with correct words Purpose
to complete it.
Example
Review land uses ( Maximize / Minimize ) the The government has allowed
in old urban areas use of land and regenerate developers or owners to change
the inner city industrial buildings into other uses,
e.g. offices

Example
Measure 2 Purpose
Restrict the conversion of
Restrict changes in Control unplanned farmland into car-repairing
land use in the New changes in land use in workshop or container storage
Territories the New Territories space

E What can we do to achieve social progress? Textbook p. 86

1 The chart below shows the work Hong Kong has done in order to achieve social progress. Fill
in the blanks with correct words.

‧ Provide more support to families, e.g. child care facilities

Develop an ‧ Enhance support for ethnic minorities, e.g. providing
inclusive training programmes
society ‧ Support the poor, e.g. providing travel allowances to
commuters

‧ Enhance communication with young people through various

channels, e.g. online platforms
Consider the ‧ Create platforms for public consultation , e.g.
Social progress

needs of District Councils and consultation papers

different ‧ Encourage the development of local agriculture , e.g.
social groups planning to set up Agricultural park

Improve the
quality of ‧ Provide a nice living environment, e.g. more open space
living for the ‧ Preserve the assets of society, e.g. keeping heritage and
public social networks of old communities
‧ Work with voluntary groups to provide various types of
housing, e.g. Community Housing Movement
F Are these practices sustainable?

1 Which of the following practices undertaken in Hong Kong is/are sustainable? Assess them
from the aspects of economic development, environmental conservation and social progress.
Write your assessment in each of the column, and then circle ‘Yes’ if it is sustainable and
‘No’ if it is not.
Table 3
Does this drive economic Does this contribute to Does this drive social
development? environmental conservation? progress?
Promote ecotourism in country parks
Yes. It diversified our Yes. It reduces the carbon Yes. It improves the quality of
economy as tourism. It footprint as all means should living for the public.
provides business be environmental-friendly, Ecotourism is catering
opportunities to the local which reduce air pollutants or for holiday makers in the
community so as to emissions of greenhouse gases. natural environment
stabilize our local without damaging it or

economy.
Is practice sustainable? ( Yes / No )
Put forward the ‘Lantau Tomorrow Vision’ which proposes to reclaim the sea to the east of
Lantau Island to provide land for various urban uses
Yes. It provides more space
for various urban uses. It
stimulates our economy.
More people and business
will be attracted to the
areas and lead to urban
growth or urbanization,
which creates business
opportunities.
No. It causes urban
encroachment. It reclaimed
the sea into the urban areas.
Therefore, less open areas
are provided and the
marine life will lose their
habitats .It harms the
biodiversity.
Revision table
disturbing habitats. The
country parks provide a
nice living environment.
They are quiet and have
fresh air
Yes. As more urban areas
can be developed and it
can convert into many
other land uses, such as
residential land uses. It can
ease the housing problems,
the number substandard
houses can be reduced.
This can satisfy the living
demand of people and thus
improving the quality of
living for the public.
Is practice sustainable? ( Yes / No )
 Table 3 (Cont.)
Does this drive economic
development?
Plan to set up Agricultural Park
Revision table
Yes. It can provide job
opportunities for the local
residents. In addition, it can
stimulate tourism. Many
people from different places
will come to the place for visit.
The local income will increase.
Is practice sustainable? ( Yes / No )
Does this contribute to
environmental conservation?
No. As more people come to
the place, the ecosystem is
destroyed. The marine life is
destroyed. The place is
polluted and it may no longer
environmental-friendly.
Does this drive social
progress?
Yes. It considers the needs of
different social groups.
With the encouragement
of local agriculture, the
plan of setting up
Agriculture Park helps
develop local agriculture
and stabilize the local
food market.
 What are the costs of developing Hong Kong into a
4.7
sustainable city?
Focus of this unit:
 Directions towards sustainable development  Costs of sustainable development

A Are economic development, environmental conservation and

improving quality of living mutually beneficial? Textbook p. 94
1 Hong Kong has taken the following measures to create a better living environment. What
economic, environmental and social benefits can these measures bring about at the same time?
Write as many points as you can in Table 1 (pp. 55–6).
Table 1
Environmental benefit Economic benefit Social benefit
 Reusing waste glass as raw materials in brick manufacturing

The materials can be reused so
the landfill saturation
problems can be
suppressed.
Environmental- friendly as glass
no need to be incinerated.
More raw materials in brick
manufacturing can be
provided so it can
attract the business
opportunities from
industrial
Job opportunities can be
Create job opportunities for
low-income people
Improving the quality of
living for the people as
more bricks can be
used to build more
houses

Revision table
provided to the labour

 Importing gas from the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project on the Mainland
Reduce the air pollutants Maintain a close economic
from operating gas relationship with the
Reduce the local use of Mainland, South-east Asian
natural resources countries and other countries
More jobs will be created
Getting incentives from
China
Creates business
opportunities
Improving the quality of
living for the public
Different social groups can
enjoy the natural gases
and thus reach the
social equity.
 Table 1 (Cont.)
Environmental benefit Economic benefit Social benefit
 Promoting good practices on food waste reduction among residents
(Food wise Campaign)
Revision table

Reduce the carbon
footprint
Suppress the landfill or
incinerators saturation
Protect the biodiversity
More money can be used in Improving the quality of living
other areas for the public
Diversify the economy
Different social groups have
enough food to enjoy so as to
reach the social equity

B How should we choose? Textbook p. 95

1 To make Hong Kong a sustainable city, how should we choose in the following situations?
Tick () your choice on pp. 56–8 and explain.


 a Using renewable power Using non-renewable power
resources OR
resources

(Credit: Donnie Shackleforld/ (Credit: Dirk Ercken/Dreamstime.com)

Dreamstime.com)

Reason: Use renewable power resources which are usually cleaner.

 
 
b Consuming remote resources Consuming local resources
OR

(Credit: Baloncici/Dreamstime.com)

Reason: Consuming local resources involves shorter travelling time and less energy


c Using reusable/recyclable goods Using disposable goods
OR

Reason: Disposable goods are hard to break down and it needs to use a lot of time to
break down. If the goods are reused, less resources will be disposed so the problems of
landfill saturation can be relieved.


d Developing compact urban form Building low-rise houses
OR
over a large area

(Credit: Luciano Mortula/

 Dreamstime.com)

Reason: This protects the natural environment/resources from destruction by urban

sprawl .
 
e Aged and sex discrimination Taking care of the aged
OR

Reason: Considering different needs of social groups and take care of them to achieve
social equity. If people can show more concerns about the less fortunate , our society will
become fairer.

C What costs must we pay for a sustainable Hong Kong? Textbook p. 96

1 To carry out our choices in Section B (pp. 56–8), we need to pay the costs for our choices.
What is the cost that we need to pay? Who are going to pay for the costs, the general public,
the private sector or the government? Fill in the blanks in Table 2 on pp. 58–9.
Table 2
Action Cost Payer

The MSW charging, Pay for the rubbish and sewage that we General public
sewage charges produce under the polluter-pays
principle
Subsidise car owners Provide subsidies to car owners Government
to replace their old
diesel commercial
cars

‧ Set up the ‧ Provide grants and subsidies to ‧ Government

recycling educate the public, and to support ‧ General public
facilities, e.g.
the recycling and
recycling bins
environmental industries
‧ Spend time to
sort waste for ‧ Change some of our habits
recycling

Recycling of Increase the production and Private sector

Regulated Electrical
Equipment operating costs under the
Harbour Area Treatment
scheme
Table 2 (Cont.)
Action Cost Payer

Buy less to lessen the Abandon certain aspects of comfortable Private sector
pressure on natural lifestyle
resources

Preserve the complex Pay for the conservation and heritage Government
of King Yin Lei preservation work

Proposal of any waste Spend time to consult the public Government

disposal charge

-End-