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Tumkur District, Karnataka: Ground Water Information Booklet
Tumkur District, Karnataka: Ground Water Information Booklet
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FOREWORD
sd/-
(T.M.HUNSE)
Regional Director
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TUMKUR DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
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11 HYDROGEOLOGY
Major water bearing formations Weathered and fractured
Granite Gneisses and
schists, Pegmatite
Premonsoon Depth to water level (2006) 1.75-18.70 mbgl
Postmonsoon Depth to water level (2006) 1.12-15 mbgl
Long term water level trend (1997-2006) in m Falling trend 0.061
per year
12 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB Depth Range /Discharge
AS ON MARCH 2007 range
EW 96.68-204.19 0.31-11.0 lps
OW 69.46-151.71 0.8 - 8.72 lps
13 GROUND WATER QUALITY
Presence of chemical constituents more than Fluoride, Nitrate and &
permissible limits Chloride
Type of water Potable in general
14 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES
(2004) IN MCM
Annual replenishable ground water resource 92262.71
Net annual ground draft 102247.26
Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial 8363.4
use up to 2025
Stage of ground water Development (%) 110 %
15 MASS AWARENWSS PROGRAMME
ORGANISED
Date 27.03.99
Place Sira
No of participants 500
WATER MANAGEMENT TRAINING NIL
PROGRAMMES ORGANISED
16 EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE AND NO
RAINWATER HEAVESTING
17 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND NOT NOTIFIED
REGULATION
18 MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND
ISSUES
QUALITY PROBLEM High concentration of
fluoride
DRYING OF WELLS 2866 wells dried up
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1.0 Introduction
Tumkur district was formed in 1966 under Nandidurga division, located
between north latitudes 12045’ to 14020’ and east longitudes 76020’ to 77031’
falling in the Survey of India degree sheet Nos – 57 B, 57 C, 57 D, 57 F, 57 G
and 57 H. The district is having geographical area of 10648 sq. kms.
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There are no perennial rivers in the district. The rivers and streams
originate from small watersheds and empty into number of tanks scattered in the
district. The drainage pattern in the area can be described as semidendratic to
dendratic. Drainage map is given in fig 2.
Out of 582687 hectares of net area sown, 132669 ha were under irrigation
during 2004-05. An area of 2470 hectares was irrigated by canal in the district.
There are 1462 MI tanks, 13585 dug wells and 77064 bore wells in the district.
Area Irrigated by them is 10273, 2680 and 117246 hectares respectively. As on
2001-02 census, 1179 dug wells, 1687 bore wells have dried in the district.
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Shri K.R.Sooryanarayana, Scientist, carried out systematic
Hydrogeological surveys in parts of Koratgere and Madhugiri taluks of Tumkur
district during the FSP 1992-93.
Shri Balachandra L.J., Scientist, has covered Tiptur, Gubbi, and Tumkur
taluks by Reappraisal Hydrogeological surveys during the FSP 2003-2004.
S/Sri S.J.Prasad and V.S. Prakash Scientists from CGWB, SWR, Bangalore
have prepared the ground water resources and development potential report of
Tumkur district, Karnataka during the year 1993-94.
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predominantly south westerly during the summer monsoon and northeasterly
during the winter monsoon. The annual potential evapotranspiration is over
1800mm with monthly rates less than 100mm during December and January and
over 250 mm during May.
The year may broadly be classified into four seasons. The dry season is
from January to February. It is followed by hot weather from March to May. Over
18 percent of annual rainfall occurs during the pre monsoon season. The monsoon
season is from June to September. This season yields around 52 percent of the
annual rainfall. The post monsoon period from October to December may be
contributes around 30 percent of annual rainfall. On an average, annually over
650mm rainfall occurs in nearly 45 rainy days.
Rainfall distribution during the last five years is varied. During the
year 2001, the monsoon season had been normal to excess. The pre monsoon
and post monsoon seasons had been normal and deficient respectively. Over all
the year had normal rainfall in the district. During the year 2002, rainfall had been
deficient during all the rainy seasons. The year 2003 had normal rainfall during
the post monsoon season but the rainfall had been deficient during the monsoon
season as well as the premonsoon season. The result was deficit annual rainfall.
The year 2004 had excess premonsoon rainfall, normal to excess monsoon
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rainfall and deficit to scanty post monsoon rainfall. During the year 2005 the
premonsoon season experienced deficit rainfall whereas both monsoon and post
monsoon and annual rain.
Long ranges of hills running roughly south-south east direction occupy the
western part of the district. A narrow range of granitic hills grouped under
closepet granites occupies the eastern part. These hills pass through the taluks
of Pavagada, Madhugiri, Koratagere and northern parts of Tumkur. In the eastern
part, the hills comprising of schistose rocks passes through Chikkanayakanahalli,
Sira, and Gubbi taluks. The prominent hills in the eastern range of hills are
Kamandadurga (1077 m), Nidugal (1148m), Madhugiridurga (1199 m),
Channarayadurga (1138 m) Koratagiri (879m), Devarayanadurga (1187m),
Nijogal (1086m), Hutridurga (1130) and Huliyardurga (844m) above mean sea
level. The landmass in the plains ranges between 450 to 840 m above msl. While
hilly areas range between 840 to 1500 m above msl.
Major types of soils occurring in the district are 1) Red loamy soil, 2) Red
sandy soil and 3) Mixed red and black soils. Red loamy soil occurs in eastern
central part of the district covering Koratgere, Tumkur, and eastern parts of
Madhugiri and Kunigal Taluks. Red Sandy soil covers rest of the area except
very small area in the northwestern part of C.N. Halli Taluk where Mixed Red and
Black soil occur. Red soils have good drainage but poor in lime and bases.
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4.0 Ground water Scenario
4.1 Hydrogeology
The district is underlain by meta sediments (limestone) and meta volcanic
(quartzite and schists) of Dharwar Group, Peninsular gneisses and Clospet
granites of Pre Cambrian age, which are intruded by pegmatite and dolerite
dykes. Laterite occurs on the top of the hills south of Bukkapatna as small patch.
Joints are observed in general in N. E – S.W to N.N.E – S.S.W and NW – SE to
NNW – SSE directions. The alluvial patches are generally seen along the major
streams as narrow discontinuous patches particularly in granite country. It
comprises medium to coarse grained sand with silt and clay at many places and
is largely controlled by topography of the basement crystalline in the area. The
maximum thickness of the alluvium in the Suvarnamukhi basin is 14 m. The
alluvium in Jayamangali and Kumudavathy rivers is sandy in nature and attains a
thickness of only 10 to 13 m
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200m. Its yield ranges up to 1200m3/day, and specific yield ranges from 2 to 173
lpm/m.
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have recorded water level of less than 2 meters, but these are point values and
are cannot be generalised.
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transmissivity of aquifer material in general range from 18 to 52 m2/day, at places
it is recorded as high as 176 to 248 m2/day.
STAGE OF
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT
EXISTING GROSS GROUND
IRRIGATION POTENTIAL
NET GROUND WATER
MARCH 2004
REQUIREMENT
AVAILABILITY
AVAILABLE
SEMI-CRITICAL AREA
YEARS
OE AREA (%)
TALUK
(%)
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small patches in Sira taluk. High concentration of nitrates (>45 mg/lit) is observed
in major parts of Pavagada, Sira, Madhugiri, Koratagere and central part of
Chiknayakanahalli and western parts of Gubbi taluks. This may be attributed to
more use of fertilizers. High chloride concentrations are observed in central part
of Pavagada and Madhugiri taluks and in northwestern parts of
Chiknayakanahalli taluk. Electrical conductivity is in permissible range in general.
Ground water quality map of the district is shown in fig 6.
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Table 3: Distribution of wells according to water lifting device as per MI Census
2000-01
Lifting Dug Bore
device Well Well Total
Electric Pump 13217 78373 91590
Diesel 334 18 352
Wind Mill 92 60 152
Solar 1 0 1
Manual 199 28 227
Others 921 271 1192
Total 14764 78750 93514
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5.0 Ground water Management Strategy
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This can be harnessed by construction of 15 subsurface dyke, 87 percolation
tanks, 290 check dams and 173 filter beds at an estimated cost of Rs 2770 lakhs.
This will create an additional irrigation of 3139 hectares.
Table 5: Feasibility of artificial recharge structures and their cost estimates in Tumkur district
(MCM)
Taluk
Sub surface dyke
Percolation tank
Check dam
Check dam
Filter Beds
Filter Beds
(MCM)
C.N.HALLI 5 27 91 55 24.7 549 220 82 10.98 1.65 5.49 2.74 1.10 10.98 875.33 8.23 991.80
GUBBI 4 21 69 41 18.6 413 165 62 8.26 1.24 4.13 2.07 0.83 8.26 658.80 6.20 746.46
KORATAGERE 0 2 8 5 2.1 47 18.7 7 0.93 0.14 0.47 0.23 0.09 0.93 74.38 0.70 84.27
KUNIGAL 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.3 0.51 0.2 0.03 0 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 2.02 0.02 2.28
MADHUGIRI 1 7 24 14 6.4 142 56.6 21 2.83 0.42 1.42 0.71 0.28 2.83 225.75 2.12 255.79
PAVAGADA 0 0 1 0 0.2 4.5 1.79 0.7 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.09 7.14 0.07 8.09
SIRA 3 15 49 29 13.2 294 117 44 5.87 0.88 2.94 1.47 0.59 5.87 468.22 4.40 530.52
TIPTUR 0 2 6 4 1.7 38 15.1 5.7 0.76 0.11 0.38 0.19 0.08 0.76 60.40 0.57 68.44
TUMKUR 2 12 39 23 10.5 234 93.6 35 4.68 0.7 2.34 1.17 0.47 4.68 373.34 3.51 423.02
TURUVEKERE 0 1 3 2 0.7 16 6.28 2.4 0.31 0.05 0.16 0.08 0.03 0.31 25.03 0.24 28.36
15 87 290 173 82.7 1758.8 694.58 261.5 34.74 5.2 17.38 8.69 3.48 34.74 2770.41 26.06 3139.03
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increases with depth in same aquifer. The shallow aquifers are having
comparatively low concentration of fluoride. In order to reduce or control the
problem, it is recommended to recharge ground water by way of artificial
recharge structures like percolation tank, desilting of silted tanks, check dams,
nalla bunds, farm ponds and subsurface dykes. Ground water can be tapped
from valley fills of Pennar and its tributaries for drinking purposes. There are 150
tanks in the Pavagada taluk of which 40 are major, 110 minor tanks. Desilting
and maintaining of these tanks are utmost importance, so that the Natural
recharge will take place without any hindrance and this will recharge the shallow
aquifer mainly, which can be used for drinking use, which is free from fluoride in
major part of the area.
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function, Shri. B.Nagaraj, Executive Officer taluk Panchayat was the chief guest
apart from local elected representative. The function concluded highlighting the
need for conservation of water to overcome the shortages. About 500 persons
attended the programme.
9.0 Recommendations
The district mainly depends upon ground water for drinking and irrigation
purposes. About 90% of the irrigation and drinking requirements are met from
ground water. This has resulted in over exploitation in about 55% area in the
district. In general water levels are showing declining trend. About 1179 dug
wells and 1687 bore wells have dried up in the district. Also there is decrease of
potable water in fluoride-affected areas due to drying of phreatic aquifer. Hence
to overcome these problems, it is recommended to adopt scientific management
of ground water resource. Further development should be allowed only areas,
which are catagorised as safe and semi critical with caution. Mass awareness
programmes should be conducted for public awareness about the limited
availability of ground water resource. Farmers should be educated to grow less
water intensive crops and adopt micro irrigation system. Government should
provide subsidy such irrigation systems. Artificial recharge structures should be
constructed in feasible areas for augmenting ground water resource and to
improve ground water quality especially in areas of Bagepalli and Madhugir and
Sira taluks where fluoride problem exists. Sites for bore wells and dug wells
should selected with the technical advice from technical qualified persons.
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