Good afternoon sir today we are going to present on the topic

titanium alloys processing characteristics

and properties and phase correlation…
intro…application…uses…charac…titanium
alloys…phases:-alpha,beta stabilizer etc…
processing:-like casting,thermo mechanical
processing…and then properties.

INTRO

 Any mineral from which titanium is extracted, is ilmenite

(FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2). Brazil, India, and
Canada are major producers. Both
these ore minerals are found either in
rock formations or concentrated in
heavy mineral sands. The current
usage of titanium on a world-wide
basis is as follows. Air frames,Missiles
and spacecraft,Chemical process
industries,Jet engine
components.Titanium is a chemical
element with the symbol Ti and atomic
number 22.  It is a lustrous transition
metal with a silver color, low density, and
high strength. it is found in almost all living
things, as well as bodies of water, rocks,
and soils. The metal is extracted from its
principal mineral ores mainly by the kroll
process. Titanium exists in two allotropic
forms, one of which is a dark gray, shiny
metal.The two most useful properties of
the metal are corrosion resistance and
strength-to-density ratio, There five
naturally occurring isotopes of this
element, 46Ti through 50Ti, with 48Ti being
the most abundant (73.8%).The metal is
often obtained commercially as a
byproduct of the refining of iron ore. The
metal has a melting point of (1,677°C), a
boiling point of (3,287°C), and a density
of 4.6 g/cm3

APPLICATIONS :-

Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium,

and molybdenum, among other elements, to produce
strong, lightweight alloys for 1)aerospace (like in jet
engines, missiles, and spacecraft, including critical
 structural parts, fire walls, landing gear, exhaust
ducts (helicopters), and hydraulic systems) Because
titanium alloys have high tensile strength to density
ratio, high corrosion resistance, high crack
resistance,[74] and ability to withstand moderately high
temperatures without creeping;;; 2)military,3)
industrial processes (chemicals and petrochemicals)
Welded titanium pipe and process equipment (heat
exchangers, tanks, process vessels, valves) are
used in the chemical and petrochemical industries
primarily for corrosion resistance;;;
automotive, agriculture (farming),
medical prostheses(Because titanium
is biocompatible (non-toxic and not rejected by the
body), it has many medical uses, including surgical
implements and implants, such as sockets (joint
replacement) and dental implants that can stay in
place for up to 20 years.[43] The titanium is often
alloyed with about 4% aluminium or 6% Al and 4%
vanadium.[100]), jewelry(Because of its durability,
titanium has become more popular for designer
jewelry (particularly, titanium rings);;; mobile phones,
and other applications..

Uses of Titanium:-

Titanium metal is used as an alloying agent with metals

including
aluminum, iron, molybdenum and mangan
ese. Titanium is also used in joint
replacement implants, such as the
ball-and-socket hip joint. About 95% of
titanium production is in the forum of
titanium dioxide (titania). This white
pigment, with a high refractive index and
strong UV light absorption, is used in
white paint, food coloring, toothpaste,
plastics and sunscreen.Titanium is used in
several everyday products such as drill
bits, bicycles, golf clubs, watches and
laptop computers.

Characteristics: Pure titanium is a light, silvery-white,

hard, lustrous metal. It has excellent
strength and corrosion resistance and also
has a high strength to weight ratio. At high
temperatures the metal burns in air and,
unusually, titanium also burns in pure
nitrogen. Titanium is ductile and is
malleable when heated. It is insoluble in
water, but soluble in concentrated acids.
Titanium extraction

The overall process

Titanium is extracted from its ore, rutile - TiO2. It is first converted into
titanium(IV) chloride, which is then reduced to titanium using either
magnesium or sodium.

Conversion of TiO2 into TiCl4

The ore rutile (impure titanium(IV) oxide) is heated with chlorine and coke at a
temperature of about 1000°C.

Reduction of the titanium(IV) chloride

TiCl4 can be reduced using either magnesium or sodium. AQA will accept

either, and so I am just giving the magnesium one.

Titanium(IV) chloride vapour is passed into a reaction vessel containing

molten magnesium in an argon atmosphere, and the temperature is
increased to about 1000°C. The reduction process is very slow, taking
about 2 days, followed by several more days of cooling.

The Kroll process is industrial process used to produce metallic titanium from titanium

tetrachloride. 
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