ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

There are two, large frontal sinuses in the

frontal bone, which forms the lower part of the
forehead and reaches over the eye sockets
Frontal Sinus
and eyebrows. The frontal sinuses are lined
with cells that make mucus to keep the nose
from drying out.
Situated back of the nose in the sphenoidal
bone, which forms a forward part of the base
of the skull and contains the depression, or
fossa, for the pituitary gland. The sinuses are
Sphenoidal Sinus
separated from each other by a bony wall, or
septum, that is rarely in the midline, and they
discharge their mucus through an opening in
the front wall of the sinus into the nose.
To increase the surface area of the nasal
cavity and to disrupt the flow of air as it enters
Nasal Conchae
the nose, causing air to bounce along the
epithelium, where it is cleaned and warmed.
Chambers of the internal nose. In front, the
nostrils, or nares, create openings to the
Nasal Cavity outside world. Air is inhaled through the
nostrils and warmed as it moves further into
the nasal cavities.
 The prominent structure between the eyes that
serve as the entrance to the respiratory tract
and contain the olfactory organ. It provides air
Nose for respiration, serves the sense of smell,
conditions the air by filtering, warming, and
moistening it, and cleans itself of foreign
debris extracted from inhalations.
Connects the pharynx and trachea and helps
Larynx
to conduct air through the respiratory tract.
Part of the conducting zone for air into the
lungs. Therefore, one of its primary functions
Pharynx
is to warm and humidify air before it reaches
the lungs.
A conduit for air to pass through on its way to
or from the alveoli of the lungs. This transmits
Trachea
oxygen to the body and removes carbon
dioxide.
A passage of airway in the respiratory tract
Bronchus
that conducts air into the lungs.
Carries oxygen rich air into the lungs and carry
carbon dioxide rich air out of the lungs,
thereby aiding in the processes of breathing
Bronchioles and respiration. The smooth muscle that
surrounds the bronchioles can constrict or
dilate the airway, which can aid in getting the
proper amount of oxygen into the blood.
Where the lungs and the blood exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen
Alveoli
breathed in from the air passes through the
alveoli and into the blood and travels to the
tissues throughout the body.
The major muscle of respiration. It is a large,
dome-shaped muscle that contracts
rhythmically and continually, and most of the
Diaphragm
time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the
diaphragm contracts and flattens and the
chest cavity enlarges.