CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. Problem Definition
4. Objective
5. Methodology
6. References
 ABSTRACT

Muscular fatigue in athletes is one of the major causes of injuries,

which is normally detected after the muscle is already injured. It is
important to detect muscular fatigue before it is visible, not only to prevent
future injuries but also to improve athletes’ performance.

The main objective of this thesis is to detect and characterize

muscular fatigue. The signals under study are electrical impulses produced
by the muscle (electromyography). Analyzing these signals allows us to
evaluate if fatigue is present. The amplitude of EMG signals increases
progressively as a function of time when the fatigue increases and the mean
power frequency decreases as a function of time [].EMG signal will be
acquire the through use surface electrodes in the main muscles response
potential involved during particular task.In recent researches, paper many
sEMG indices have been suggested and compared in muscle fatigue
assessment, including root mean square (RMS), the median (MF), and mean
power frequencies (MPF) based on Fourier Transform. Feature obtained
from the signal is given to Classifier which is identifies category or class
Label of EMG signal, two different class label used are Fatigue and non
fatigue.
 INTRODUCTION

EMG is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity

produced by skeletal muscles. An EMG detects the electrical potential
generated by muscle cell when these are electrically or neurologically
activated.Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely used
in muscle fatigue evaluation due to its noninvasiveness, real
time, and applicability. The EMG signals are used to examine the cause of
muscle weakness, numbness, several types of limb pain, cramping, muscle
disorder such as polymyositis or biomechanics of living beings movement
and can be used to find the weakness and strength level of muscles for
recovery purpose.Muscle fatigue is defined as a loss of the required or
expected force from a muscle and has been a popular research topic for a
long time. In manual lifting task, an object of definable dimensions is
grabbed with both hands and moves the objects with both hands without the
use of any automated device vertically. Workers in manufacturing
industries regularly perform lifting task manually to move objects to desired
place. Even though there are so much mechanized and automated
equipment are available but manually lifting task is a common choice and a
key method to operate material handling task. Incorrect lifting skills can
lead to injuries like back pain. Back pain is a common problem in industries
and which cause many loses such as increase in medical cost, low
productivity and absenteeism. Many research works have been done to
analyze EMG signal and many techniques have been proposed. Some used
fast Fourier transform (FFT). However, magnitude and frequency of EMG
signal are variable and FFT is appropriate for stationary signal. Also, it
provides spectral information only. The short-time fourier transform
(STFT) technique was used to overcome the limitation of FFT, which
provides spectral and temporal information that represents signal with time-
frequency representation (TFR).Apart from that, some used wavelet
transform in the analysis of EMG signal.WT has some advantage as well as
disadvantages like it needs lots of computational analysis, noise level
sensitivity and reliance of its own accuracy on selected wavelet. In this
study, EMG signals are analysed to identify fatigue in muscles by locating
the phase and characteristic of muscle fatigue activity. The EMGsignals
divided into four phases of muscle activity in different phases can be
evaluated to detect the muscle fatigue based on peak voltage of phase.The
activity of skeletal muscles is controlled by neuralpulses/commands from
the brain. Single musclemembrane generates electric potential. Detection
ofthe electric potential generated by muscle cells whenthese are electrically
or neurologically activatedrepresents the EMG signal. The amplitude
depends onthe muscle type and conditions during the observationprocess
and ranges from μV to mV. Subsequently theEMG signal can be used in
many clinical andbiomedical applications.In proposed system consist of
1.filtering 2. Feature Extraction 3.Feature selection. 4. Classification.
 Literature Survey
Several studies are focusing on patient health monitoring to improve the
health care system in the medical field. Many inspiring designs can be
found in the health monitoring system literature.

Lejun Wang et at [1] proposed EMG signals recorded fromvastus lateralis

(VL) were band-pass filtered at 5–500 Hz using a 4th-order zerophase-shift
Butterworth filter and were divided into every3-second epochs.Feature
extracted MF (mediumfrequency) and MPF (mean power frequency) based
onFourier Transform, MDF and MNF based on wavelet
packettransformation, and C(n) based on Lempel–Ziv complexityalgorithm
were calculated. The results suggested that MNF derived from wavelet
packet transformation wassignificantly higher than other EMG indices,
indicating the potential application for fatigue evaluation induced by all-out
cyclingexercise
Problem Definition:
1. Clinically it is difficult to diagnose muscle Fatigue site and its effect.
2. Automated Surface EMG diagnosis not only saves time but finds other than
the clinical application.
3. Surface EMG can have limited applications due to inherent problems
associated with surface EMG noise.
4. EMG signal recordings are typically more accurate with individuals who
have lower body fat, and more compliant skin, such as young people when
compared to old. Muscle cross talk occurs when the EMG signal from one
muscle interferes with that of another limiting reliability of the signal of the
muscle being tested. Surface EMG is limited due to lack of deep muscles
reliability.
Objective:-
1.The objective is to design an automated Fatigue diagnostic system
2.To increases classification accuracy so it can be used in clinical and sports
research for fatigue analysis and management.

Methodology:

1.Data collection
2.Data filtering
3.Feature extraction
4.Classifier design linear, nonlinear and multi classifier

Data Collection:-
The raw EMG signal was acquired from the deltoid lateral and biceps muscles. At
deltoid muscle, the surface electrode needs to be placed at the distance of one
finger width distal and anterior. At biceps muscle, the electrode needs to be placed
between the medial acromion and the fossa cubit. The EMG electrode placement
was referred to as the SENIAM group muscle position [16]. Before electrode
placement, the surface must have to be cleaned to reduce the resistance of the
skin.

Five healthy male and female with an average age of 25 years old were selected as
participants for the experiments. Before data collections, the participants had been
briefed all the procedures of the movements. The participants must be free from
muscle abnormalities and they were not allowed to do muscle exercise within 24
hours prior to the data collections.

Data filtering:

Filtering of the signal is important. It is used to focus on a narrow band of

electrical energy that is of interest to us rather than all the electrical signals
that the sensors will pick up. Electromyography (EMG) signals are usually
affected by noise, which may be generated by different sources, such as the
hardware employed for signal amplification and digitization, the movement of
cables during data collection and the activity of motor units distant from the
detection point. There are many types of filters and several methods to determine
the “optimal” cut-off frequency. Types of filters include the classic
Butterworth, Fourier series, Kalman, cubic and quintic spline, and finite
impulse response (FIR) filters. Filter equations, such as in the Butterworth filter,
are frequently recursive. Current values depend on the previous values, which
introduces a phase lag into the signal. These filters are, therefore, applied in
both forward and reverse directions in order to remove the phase lag. Some
useful procedures aimed at minimizing the influence of noise on the detected
signal are highlighted by Cram et al. [2]. In practice, the collected signal may
still be corrupted by noise.

Feature extraction

Classifier design
References:

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EMG Sensor for Wearable Biometric and Medical Application”,
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Surface Electromyogram MonitoringSystem Using Smartphone and Its
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Electromyography (EMG) based Signal Analysis forPhysiological Device
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System forBiofeedback Applications”,2015(IEEE).

[8]Erik Vavrinský Martin Daricek, Martin Donoval: “Design of EMG

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[9] Electromyography,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography