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Cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng trong dạng Dynamic charts

1. Ba cấu trúc câu mô tả xu hướng
a. S + V + adv + number + time
Eg: The number of people commuting by car/ increased/ significantly/ from 1 to 5 million/
between 2011 and 2016.
b. There + be + a/an + adj + noun + in S + number + time
Eg: There/ was/ a/ significant/ increase/ in the number of people commuting by car/ from 1
to 5 million/ between 2011 and 2016.
c. Time + witness/ show/ experience + a/an + adj + noun + in S + number
Eg: The period between 2011 and 2016 / witnessed/ a/ significant/ increase/ in the number
of people commuting by car/ from 1 to 5 million.
2. Cách diễn đạt chủ ngữ trong câu mô tả xu hướng
NOTE 1: Chủ ngữ trong cấu trúc mô tả xu hướng phải miêu tả số liệu
Amount/ of Noun (uncountable)
Quantity
Number/ of Noun (countable + plural) (Relative

Quantity clause)

Percentage/ of Noun (both countable and
The Proportion uncountable)
Unit: %
Rate of Noun (both countable and
uncountable)
Eg: Unemployment, poverty, birth,
death…
Figure
Eg 1: Lượng điện được sản xuất từ than đá vào năm 2010.
è The amount/ quantity of electricity (which was) produced from coal …..
Eg 2: Tỉ lệ phụ nữ thất nghiệp vào năm 2016
è The percentage of females who were unemployed in 2016


NOTE 2: Một số chủ ngữ bản thân nó đã mô tả số liệu mà không cần có quantifiers

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• The price of … (NOT: the amount of price)

• The sales of … (NOT: the quantity of sales)
• The income of … (NOT: the amount of income)

3. Danh từ và động từ mô tả xu hướng trong Writing task 1
Tăng Động từ Danh từ
To rise – rose – risen A rise
To increase – increased – increased An increase
To grow – grew – grown A growth
To climb – climbed – climbed A climb
To go up – went up – gone up No
To surge – surged – surged A surge
To soar – soared – soared A soar
To rocket – rocketed – rocketed A rocket
To boom – boomed – boomed A boom

Giảm Động từ Danh từ
To decrease – decreased – decreased A decrease
To fall – fell – fallen A fall
To reduce – reduced – reduced A reduction
To go down – went down – gone down No
To decline – declined - declined A decline
To plummet – plummeted – plummeted A plummet
To slump – slumped – slumped A slump
To crash – crashed – crashed A crash

Giữ Động từ Danh từ
nguyên
To remain unchanged/ constant/ steady
To stabilize A stability



Dao động Động từ Danh từ

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To oscillate – oscillated – oscillated An oscillation

To fluctuate – fluctuated – fluctuated A fluctuation

To vacillate – vacillated - vacillated A vacillation

4. Các tính từ và trạng từ cần dùng
Degree Adj – Tính từ Adv – Trạng từ
Dramatic Dramatically
Very extensive Enormous Enormously
Tremendous Tremendously
Substantial Substantially
Extensive Considerable Considerably
Remarkable Remarkably
Significant Significantly
Gradual Gradually
Average
Moderate Moderately
Slight Slightly
Small
Minimal Minimally















5. Cách trích dẫn số liệu

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Eg: The number of people using car in the USA

Verb/ Noun + from … to … Eg: 1965 – 1970
Verb + by + khoảng cách • S + rose slightly from 100 to 200
Noun + of + khoảng cách • S + rose/increased slightly by 100

• A slight increase of 100

Noun/ Verb + at… Eg: 1960 – 1965
• Stayed unchanged at 100

• A stability at 100

Around… Eg: S fluctuated around 150

Eg: S oscillated tremendously between

Between… and…
100 and 700.

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To reach the highest point of… Eg: 1975

• Reached the highest point of 500
To peak at … • Peaked at 500

To hit the lowest point of … Eg: 1990 – 1995
To bottom out at … • Bottomed out at 0

6. Cách miêu tả thời gian
a. Point of time
In morning, month, season, year, decade, century
On day
At hour
We will remove prepositions to change these prepositional phrases into noun phrases.
Eg: In 1960, the number of people commuting by car in the USA was 100
è The year 1960 witnessed 100 people in the USA using/ commuting by car.
b. Period of time
From…to…
Between…and…
We will add ‘the period’ before these phrases to change them into noun phrases.
Eg: The number of people in the USA commuting by car rose slightly from 100 to 200
between 1965 and 1970.
è The period between 1965 and 1970 witnessed a slight rise in the number of people
commuting by car in the USA from 100 to 200.
We also have other ways to describe a period of time
In The next five years
The following five-year period
We change these prepositional phrases into noun phrases by removing prepositions
Eg: In the next five years (prepositional phrase) >> The next five years (noun phrase)




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7. Thì sử dụng trong câu mô tả xu hướng

Time in graph Tenses in your writing
1960 – 1995 past simple (increased)
1960 – 2040 present perfect (have increased) or present simple
2040 prediction
Cấu trúc miêu tả prediction:
1. It is predicted/ estimated/ forecast that + clause (will)
Eg: It is predicted that in 2040, the number of people commuting by car in the USA will increase
to 400.
2. S be predicted/ estimated/ forecast to verb
Eg: The number of people commuting by car in the USA is predicted to increase to 400 in 2040.
8. Vận dụng viết câu mô tả xu hướng
1960 – 1965:
• S = The number of car commuters in America
• Verb/ Noun = stayed unchanged/ a stability
• Adj/ Adv = No
• Number = at 100
• Time = from 1960 to 1965
è The number of car commuters in America stayed unchanged at 100 from 1960 to 1965.
1965 – 1970:
• S = The quantity of Americans using car
• Verb/ Noun + Adj/ Adv = rose slightly / a slight rise
• Number = from 100 to 200/ by 100/ of 100
• Time = in the next five years
è The quantity of Americans using car rose slightly from 100 to 200 in the next five years.
è There was a slight rise in the quantity of Americans using car of 100 in the next five years.
1970 – 1975:
• S = This figure
• Verb/ Noun = rocketed / increased enormously
• Number = to reach the highest point of 500
• Time = in 1975
è This figure increased enormously/ rocketed to reach the highest point of 500 in 1975.


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