Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IELTS Writing
Thời gian: 20 phút
Từ 150 – 180 từ.
Các dạng bài trong Task 1:
Line graph
Bar chart
Pie chart
Table
Map
Process
Mix
Chữa:
The number of international students studying in the UK was 2
million.
10 million international students chose to pursue a degree in the
US.
There were 4 million international students learning in Australia.
The quantity of international students who studied in Canada
stood at 1 million.
Các bạn làm tiếp ví dụ nữa:
Lượng fast food được tiêu dùng tại các nước:
The UK; 2,000 tonnes
The US: 5,000 tonnes
Vietnam: 400 tonnes
China: 10,000 tonnes
Lưu ý:
Đây là số liệu dạng amount.
Ở bài này chúng ta sử dụng bị động (consumed, eaten).
Chữa:
The amount of fast food consumed in the UK stood at 2,00
tonnes.
5,000 tonnes of fast food were eaten in the US.
There were 400 tonnes of fast food eaten by people in Vietnam.
10,000 tonnes of fast food were consumed in China.
So sánh số liệu.
Thêm từ nối để so sánh.
Vd: số người dùng phương tiện giao thông ở VN năm 2000: ôtô
là 5 triệu, xe máy 20 triệu.
4 cấu trúc:
1. Respectively.
The numbers of Vietnamese car and motorbike users were 5
million and 20 million respectively.
5 million and 20 million Vietnamese people used cars and
motorbikes respectively.
2. compared to + số liệu.
The number of Vietnamese car users was 5 million, compared to
20 million motorbike users.
There were 5 million Vietnamese car users, compared to 20
million motorbike users.
3. while/whereas
The number of Vietnamese car users was 5 million, while the
number of motorbike users was 20 million.
5 million Vietnamese people used cars, while there were 20
million individuals travelling by motorbikes.
4. By contrast, /Meanwhile, / At the same time,.
_______. Meanwhile,_______
Vd: lượng fast food được tiêu dùng tại các nước năm 1990.
The UK: 2,000 tonnes.
The US: 5,000 tonnes.
Vietnam: 400 tonnes.
China: 10,000 tonnes.
Viết 4 câu để so sánh 4 cặp số liệu sau:
1. The UK và The US
2. The UK và Vietnam
3. The US và Vietnam
4. Vietnam và China
Sample:
In 1990, the amount of fast food consumed in China was
highest, at 10000 tonnes, while the figure for the UK was
significantly lower, at 2000 tonnes. There were 5000 tonnes of
fast food eaten by people in the US. At the same time, only 400
tonnes of fast food were consumed in VN.
Vd 2: % người dân xài Internet trên tổng số dân ở các nước năm
1990:
The US: 70%
The UK: 55%
VN: 10%
Japan: 25%
Australia: 40%
Sample:
In 1990, the percentage of people who used the Internet in the
US was highest, at 70%, while the figure for the UK was slightly
lower, at 55%. 25% of Japanese citizens used the Internet,
compared to only 10% in VN. Meanwhile, Internet users made
up 40% of the total Australian population.
Cách mô tả các nhóm tuổi (Age expressions):
People aged 25 - 30
People who were 25 - 30
People in the 25 – 30 age group
25 – 30 – year – old people
25 – 30 – year – olds
(25 – 30 - year – old Vietnamese people, car users aged 25 – 30,
…)
Cách mô tả số liệu ở thì tương lai
is expected to
is predicted to
is projected to
is likely to
…
Vd: stood at -> is likely to stand at; was -> is predicted to be;
made up -> is expected to make up…
The number of Vietnamese car users is expected to be 20
million in 2030. ( thay vì: “the number of Vietnamese car users
was 20 million” như đã học)
In 2050, gas is predicted to account for 40% of the total energy
production. (thay vì: “accounted for”)
Mô tả xu hướng
TỪ VỰNG VỀ XU HƯỚNG
Xu hướng Verb (past tense) Noun
Tăng increased increase
rose rise
grew growth
climbed climb
went up N/A
Giảm decreased decrease
declined decline
fell fall
dropped drop
went down N/A
Đi ngang remained stable N/A
unchanged N/A
constant N/A
Dao động lên fluctuated fluctuation
xuống
Mức độ Adjective Adverb
Nhanh/mạnh sharp sharply
rapid rapid
significant significantly
remarkable remarkably
dramatic dramatically
Chậm/nhẹ slight slightly
slow slowly
insignificant insignificantly
gradual gradually
4 cấu trúc
1. Dùng động từ.
The number of Vietnamese car users rapidly increased BY 10
million to 15 million.
2. Dùng danh từ.
There was a rapid increase OF 10 million to 15 in the number of
Vietnamese car users.
3. saw/witnessed
Vietnam saw a rapid increase OF 10 million to 15 million in the
number of car users.
The year 2010 witnessed a rapid increase of 10 million to 15
million in the number of car users
4. experienced
The number of Vietnamese car users experienced a rapid
increase of 10 million to 15 million.
Chữa:
The percentage of Internet users in the UK remained stable at
55%.
There was a slight rise of 10% to 80% in the figure for the US.
Vietnam witnessed a dramatic increase of 40% to 50% in the
proportion of Internet users in this country.
The percentage of Japanese people using the Internet
experienced a slow decrease of 5% to 20%.
The figure for Australia remarkably dropped by 30% to 10%.
Các bạn luyện tập viết các câu mô tả các xu hướng sau:
Lượng nước sạch được tiêu dùng tại các thành phố lớn
Năm 2030 Năm 2050
Paris 1,200 m3 3,000 m3
London 2,400 m3 2,000 m3
New York 2,100 m3 800 m3
Berlin 2,700 m3 2,900 m3
Chữa:
The amount of clean water consumed in Paris is expected to
increase sharply by 1,800 m3 to 3,000 m3.
There is predicted to be a slight drop of 400 m3 to 2,000 m3 in
the figure for London.
New York is likely to see a dramatic decline of more than 1,000
m3 to 800 m3 in the quantity of clean water used.
The amount of clean water consumed in Berlin is projected to
experience a slow rise of 200 m3 to 2,900 m3.
So sánh xu hướng
Có 2 loại: so sánh cùng chiều hoặc so sánh ngược chiều.
Vd: số người dùng các loại xe ở VN từ 2000 – 2010.
Ôtô: 5 triệu -> 15 triệu (tăng)
Xe máy: 20 triệu -> 30 triệu (tăng)
Xe đạp: 7 triệu -> 2 triệu (giảm)
Cấu trúc:
1. respectively
The number of Vietnamese car and motorbike users increased to
15 million and 30 million respectively.
There were increases to 15 million and 30 million in the number
of Vietnamese car and motorbike users respectively.
2. while/whereas
There was a dramatic increase of 10 million to 15 million in the
number of Vietnamese car users, while the figure for motorbike
experienced a slight rise to 30 million.
3. By contrast, /Meanwhile, /At the same time, /Similarly,.
Vd 2: lượng pizza sản xuất tại các nước.
2005 2010
The US 2,500 grams 7,500 grams
The UK 1,000 grams 2,700 grams
China 5,500 grams 5,500 grams
Australia 3,100 grams 1,000 grams
INTRO
Dùng từ vựng:
the graph/chart/table = the bar chart, line graph, table
shows = illustrates = compares
information = data
number = quantity = figure
in 3 countries = in different/various nations = liệt kê tên nước
(tối đa khi liệt kê là 4 đối tượng, nhiều hơn 4 sẽ không liệt kê)
from 1900 to 2000 = between 1900 and 2000 = within 100 –
year period
Body 2:
Nói các xu hướng cho đến năm cuối.
Vd: lại là đề 1
Body 1:
In 1940, … (khúc bữa học). In the early 1980s, the percentage of
senior citizens in Japan slightly decreased and reached the
lowest point of less than 5%, while the figures for Sweden and
the USA rose gradually.
Body 2:
In 2040, … (khúc bữa).
Vd 2:
The line graph compares the weekly consumption of three
different types of fast food in the UK between 1970 and 1990.
It is clear from the graph that the amount of Fish & Chips
consumed per week experienced the most dramatic change
during the research period. Additionally, while the quantities of
Hamburger and Fish & Chips eaten both rose significantly, there
was a slight decrease in the figure for Pizza.
In 1970, the amount of Pizza consumed was highest, at more
than 300 grams, while the figure for Hamburger was
significantly lower, at only around 30 grams. Meanwhile,
approximately 80 grams of Fish & Chips were eaten by UK
people. In 1985, Pizza consumption slightly fell and reached the
lowest point of 200 grams, whereas the other two figures
gradually went up.
In 1990, Fish & Chips weekly consumption increased
dramatically to 500 grams and became the highest figure in the
line graph, while Hamburger’s figure experienced a slight rise to
about 300 grams. At the same time, the amount of Pizz eaten
remained stable at roughly 200 grams.
(179 words)
Overview: luôn có 2 nhóm đối tượng so sánh, tương ứng với các
hàng và các cột.:
2 cột: 2 nhóm tuổi, 6 – 11 cao hơn.
5 hàng: 5 môn thể thao, football cao nhất.
It is clear from the table that boys aged 6 – 11 were
generally more likely to play sports than the other group.
Additionally, football was the most popular type of sport
for both age groups.
So sánh các hàng với nhau để tìm ra điểm nổi bật.
Body: 2 cách chia:
Cách 1: chia theo cột Cách 2: chia theo hàng
Body 1: nhóm 6 -11 (5 số) Body 1: 2 môn thể thao (4 số)
Body 2: nhóm 12 – 16 (5 số) Body 2: 3 môn còn lại (6 số)
Cách 1 dễ viết hơn.
Full essay:
The table compares the proportions of 6 – 11 and 12 – 16 – year
– old boys taking part in 5 kinds of sport in the UK in 2010.
It is clear from the table that boys aged 6 – 11 were generally
more likely to play sports than the other group. Additionally,
football was the most popular type of sport for both age groups.
For the 6 – 11 age group, the rate of boys playing football was
highest, at 87%, while the figure for basketball was significantly
lower, at 35%. Boys who took part in playing cricket accounted
for 45% of the total group. Meanwhile, the percentages of boys
who participated in rugby and swimming were lowest, at 23%
and 19% respectively.
For 12 – 16 – year – olds, the proportion of boys who played
football was also highest among 5 types of sport, at 78%.
Basketball and rugby players made up 25% and 21% of this
group respectively, while 34% of boys aged 12 – 16 chose to
play cricket. The figure for swimming was lowest, at only 19%.
(165 words, wrote by IELTS Quang Thắng)
For… (chỉ dùng cho người)
In terms of… (chơi hết nha)
Overview:
Hàng: 6 quốc gia: India cao nhất.
Cột: 2 giới tính (nam – nữ): nữ cao hơn nam ở tất cả các nước
trừ Thailand.
It is clear that Indian students were most proficient in a foreign
language. Additionally, apart from Thailand, female students
were better at learning a second language than males in all other
countries.
Body: mỗi body 1 giới tính.
Body 1: males (6 số liệu).
Body 2: females (6 số liệu).
Hướng dẫn viết dạng Map từ A đến Z (dạng thay đổi theo thời
gian)
Từ vựng chỉ hướng
8 cấu trúc quan trọng
Cần nhớ kỹ (học thuộc) các cấu trúc này.
Luyện tập viết thật nhiều để nhớ.
Đối với mỗi cấu trúc, cần nhớ được các cách viết đa dạng khác
nhau.
Phần chữ màu đỏ là cấu trúc và từ vựng cần nhớ, phần chữ màu
đen là ví dụ.
1. Cấu trúc chỉ hướng/địa điểm
In the northwest corner/area of the city
To the south of the river
The school was located/situated in the northwest corners of the
city. (Cách viết 1)
There was an airport to the south of the lake. (Cách viết 2)
2. Cấu trúc chỉ sự phá bỏ
The school was demolished/knocked down. (dùng cho nhà
cửa/buildings)
All the trees were cut down/chopped down. (dùng cho cây cối)
The airport disappeared. (với disappear dùng chủ động, dùng
was disappeared là sai)
3. Cấu trúc chỉ sự xây mới
Skyscrapers were built/constructed/erected.
A park appeared. (tương tự như trên)
There was a construction of a new hospital.
4. Cấu trúc chỉ sự thay thế
The airport was demolished to make way for a new hospital.
All the trees were replaced by a stadium. (bị động)
A stadium was built and replaced all the trees. (chủ động)
5. Cấu trúc chỉ sự mở rộng/kéo dài
The car park near the river was expanded/widened/extended. (bị
động)
The school became bigger. (chủ động)
The railway was lengthened.
6. Cấu trúc chỉ sự thu nhỏ/rút ngắn
The school was narrowed.
The car park became smaller.
The railway was shortened.
7. Cấu trúc chỉ sự di chuyển
The stadium was moved/relocated to the north.
8. Cấu trúc chỉ sự giữ nguyên
The airport still remained/existed.
Body 2:
The first step of making concrete is combining different
materials. Cement is mixed with water, sand and small stones in
the proportions of 10%, 25% and 50% respectively. This
mixture is then put into a concrete mixer, where it becomes final
concrete which can be used for building purposes.
(49 words)
Full essay:
The diagrams illustrate the production of cement, and how to
use cement to make concrete.
It is clear from the diagrams that there are five stages in the
process of making cement. Meanwhile, only two steps are
required to produce concrete
At the first stage of producing cement, limestone and clay are
put through a machine called crusher and become powder. This
powder is then mixed and is brought into a rotating heater where
it is heated in high temperature. The process continues with
grinding the material, and then cement is produced. At the final
stage, cement is packaged into bags and is ready for the
production of concrete.
The first step of making concrete is combining different
materials. Cement is mixed with water, sand and small stones in
the proportion of 10%, 25% and 50% respectively. This mixture
is then put into a concrete mixer, where it becomes final
concrete which can be used for building purposes.
(158 words, band 8.0)
=> Nhớ kỹ các lỗi informal này và tuyệt đối không sử dụng
trong các bài viết Academic Writing.
Chữa:
Cách 1:
Since universities provide necessary basic knowledge, students
might achieve success easily.
Cách 2:
Universities provide necessary basic knowledge, which allows
students to achieve success easily.
Or: …, which contributes to the success of students.
Or: …, which increases students’ opportunities to achieve
success.
Vd2: Internet phát triển mạnh -> con người có thể làm việc tại
nhà mà không cần đến công ty -> làm giảm các kỹ năng xã hội.
Chữa:
Due to the rapid development of the Internet, people can work at
home without having to go to their offices. This would reduce
their social skills.
Cấu trúc lấy ví dụ
Lấy ví dụ không thể thiếu trong bài viết Task 2.
Bất cứ chỗ nào trong bài viết chưa rõ ràng, cụ thể đều phải leeys
ví dụ.
Living in big cities has many problems.
When taking part in voluntary work, young children can learn
many skills.
-> Những chỗ nào chưa cụ thể cần lấy ví dụ cho sinh động.
Có 2 cách lấy ví dụ:
1. such as
Dùng để liệt kê 1 vài ví dụ nhở (chỉ liệt kê tên) để làm dẫn
chứng cho một chủ thể nào đó.
Lấy vd ngay trong câu.
Cấu trúc: danh từ cần lấy ví dụ + such as + ví dụ 1, 2, 3.
2. For example/For instance
Lấy 1 vd lớn, giải thích cụ thể rõ ràng hơn. Lấy vd trong 1 câu
mới.
Cấu trúc: For example, …
Câu mẫu:
Young people living in cities nowadays have to face with many
problems.
Cách 1: Young people living cities nowadays have to face with
many problems such as pollution or traffic congestion.
Cách 2: Young people living in cites nowadays have to face
with many problems. For example, due to a great number of
private vehicles travelling on the street, people in urban areas
usually have to face the problem of traffic congestion every day.
Technology can help to create electricity using renewable
resources.
Cách 1: Technology can help to create electricity using
renewable resources such as wind or solar energy.
Cách 2: Technology can help to create electricity using
renewable resources. For example, many countries in the world
have built plants that utilise solar energy to generate power.
Some people are lucky to be given great talents which others do
not have.
Cách 1: Some people such as Mozart or Lionel Messi are lucky
to be given great talents which others do not have.
Cách 2: Some individuals are lucky to be given great talents
which others do not have. For example, Lionel Mess already had
great football skills when he was born.
Luyện tập:
1. Students usually go and study abroad in developed countries.
2. High school students are usually required to learn unnecessary
subjects.
3. When attending university, students can learn some necessary
skills.
4. People nowadays can easily buy products on online websites
without having to go to stores or shopping malls.
5. Young children should be encouraged to play different types
of sports to be healthy.
6. The government should launch campaigns to encourage
people to protect the environment.
7. People can use technology to recycle materials.
8. People who are poor are more likely to commit crimes.
9. Eating fast food is likely to lead to serious health problems.
10. Producing noise is sometimes considered a type of
recreational activities.
11. Many young people want to have children later in order to
have more time to enjoy life.
12. Childcare centres have professional staff members who are
well-trained and have good babysitting skills.
13. In order to encourage people to improve their health, the
government needs to construct sports facilities or hold sports
competitions for individuals to take part in.
14. Due to climate change, people are having to face the danger
of natural disasters.
15. Apart from education, the government needs to invest in
some other important sectors.
Chữa:
1. Student’s usually go and study abroad in developed countries
such as the UK or the US.
Or: Students usually go and study abroad in developed
countries. For example, the UK is one of the most popular
destinations for international students.
2. High school students are usually required to learn unnecessary
subjects such as Music or Art.
3. When attending university, students can learn some necessary
skills. For example, doing group projects allows students to
improve their teamwork skills.
4. People nowadays can easily buy products such as clothes or
cosmetics on online websites without having to go to stores or
shopping malls.
5. Young children should be encouraged to play different types
of sports to be healthy. For instance, swimming is a good way
for them to develop their muscles.
Mẹo nhỏ:
Nếu trong trường hợp bị bí ý, không có vd thì có thể lấy ví dụ cá
nhân (kể chuyện bản thân hoặc bạn bè/người thân).
Vd1: Students usually go and study abroad in developed
countries. For example, my brother is currently doing his
Master’s degree in the UK.
Vd2: When attending university, students can learn some
necessary skills. For instance, when I was in university, my
teamwork skills were significantly improved.
Vd3: Young children should be encouraged to play different
types of sports to be healthy. For example, my nephew plays
football regularly with his father, and he is therefore physically
stronger than his classmates.
Chữa:
1. People can study online whenever they want. If they go to
libraries, they would only be able to learn for a few hours per
day.
2. Many people want to have children late to have time to enjoy
life. If they have babies early, they would have to spend much
time taking care of their family.
Kết hợp các cấu trúc:
1. Cấu trúc nguyên nhân-kết quả
2. Cấu trúc lấy ví dụ
3. Cấu trúc so sánh tình hướng ngược lại
BT:
1. Ngành công nghiệp quảng cáo phát triển mạnh -> cung cấp
nhiều cơ hội việc làm (vd). Compare: Nếu như ngành quảng cáo
bị cấm thì tỷ lên thất nghiệp sẽ tăng.
2. Trường đại học cung cấp kiến thức nền tảng cần thiết ->
người học dễ thành công hơn. Compare: Người không học đại
học sẽ khó kiếm được công việc tốt.
3. Việc khuyến khích người sử dụng hệ thống giao thông công
cộng (vd) sẽ làm giảm số lượng phương tiện lưu thông trên
đường -> giảm lượng khí thải. Compare: Người dân dùng
phương tiện cá nhân nhiều (vd) sẽ làm tăng ô nhiễm môi trường.
4. Người già đã làm việc nhiều năm -> có nhiều kinh nghiệm và
kiến thức hơn -> phù hợp làm lãnh đạo hơn. Compare: Người trẻ
thường không đủ khả năng và gặp khó khăn khi làm lãnh đạo.
5. Người dân dùng điện thoại quá nhiều -> có ít thời gian để
giao tiếp với người khác -> giảm các kỹ năng (vd).
Chữa câu 1:
The advertising industry is developing rapidly, which
contributes to many employment opportunities for people. For
example, individuals can work as designers who create
advertisements. If advertising is banned, there might be an
increase in unemployment rate.
Bí kíp khai triển ý
Trong bài viết IELTS, đưa ra các ý chính có thể là các lợi ích,
tác hai, nguyên nhân, giải pháp, … tùy yêu cầu đề bài.
Không thể chỉ có các ý chính, vì như vậy bài viết sẽ sơ sài và
lủng củng.
Với mỗi ý chính sẽ phải khai triển, hỗ trợ thêm để làm cho ý
chính rõ ràng, thuyết phục hơn.
=> Mục đích: tối đa điểm số ở phần Task response và Coherence
and Cohesion.
Bộ khung khai triển ý cho WT2:
3. Example
Riêng example thì chỗ nào thiếu, ý tứ chưa thuyết phục thì đưa vào.
4. Compare
Ví dụ đề bài:
The advantages of studying abroad
Có 3 lợi ích của việc đi du học (3 main idea):
Idea 1: Have better qualifications
Idea 2: Become more mature
Idea 3: Better at a foreign language
Chúng ta sẽ lần lượt xoay quanh và khai triển từng main idea.
Idea 1: Have better qualifications
Explain: Developed countries have better education systems and
more prestigious universities
Result: Have better jobs with higher salaries
Example: The UK and the US
Compare: If students do not study abroad -> difficult to get jobs.
-> Firstly, since developed countries such as the UK and the US
have better education systems and more prestigious universities,
students who study abroad can have better qualifications. As a
result, they might have better jobs with higher salaries. If
students do not study abroad, they might find it difficult to get
jobs.
Idea 2: Become more mature
Explain: Students live far away from their family and have to
deal with daily problems by themselves
Result: N/A
Example: They have to go shopping for food and cook their own
meals
Compare: If they study in their home country -> be less
independent.
-> Secondly, students live far away from their family and have
to deal with daily problems by themselves. For example, they
have to go shopping for food and cook their own meals. This
allows them to become more mature. If they study in their home
country, they would be less independent.
Idea 3: Better at a foreign language
Explain: Students have a chance to interact with foreigners
regularly
Result: Be more confident, make friends easily
Example: When going shopping, they need to speak to the shop
assistant.
Compare: N/A
-> Finally, since students can have a chance to interact with
foreigners regularly, they can become better at a foreign
language. For instance, when going shopping, they need to
speak to the shop assistant. Therefore, students might be more
confident and can make friends easily with people around the
world.
Sau khi đã lập plan gồm các gạch đầu dòng như trên, chúng ta
sử dụng các cấu trúc câu đã học để ghép các ý vào thành các câu
hoàn chỉnh.
Có 3 nguyên tắc cần tuân theo khi viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh:
1. Luôn nói nguyên nhân trước, kết quả sau (explain -> main
idea -> result).
2. Ví dụ ở đâu thì đưa vào ngay chỗ đó.
3. Phần so sánh compare luôn để sau cùng, sau các ý khai triển
khác.
Luyện tập:
Lâp plan (gạch đầu dòng các ý khai triển cho đề bài: the
disadvantages of studying abroad.
Gợi ý các main idea:
Idea 1: Have to pay very high costs
Idea 2: Feel lonely
Chữa:
Idea 1: Have to pay very high costs
Explain: Living costs in developed countries are usually high
Example: accommodation fees, food prices …
Result: financial burden on their parents
Compare: If they study in their home countries -> can save a
great amount of money
Idea 2: Feel lonely
Explain: Live far away from their family
Example: Nobody takes care of them when they get sick
Result: Might negatively affect their academic results.
Vì bài tập buổi 8 thầy có làm thành video sửa nên mình sẽ add
luôn vào đây nhá
The government pay university tuition for students (which
means students do not have to pay). Do the advantages outweigh
the disadvantages?
Advantages
1.
can help poor students have a chance to attend higher education
-> increase the number of university students
-> improve the quality of workforce
Compare: If the government DO NOT pay university tuition ->
fewer students will be able to go to universities
2.
reduce the financial burden of students
-> students can focus entirely on their study
-> improve their academic performances
Compare: If students have to pay tuition by themselves, they
might have to work part-time to earn money -> neglect their
study
Disadvantages
1. because they do not have to pay for their education
-> students might not appreciate their chance to study
Example: skip lectures, do not complete their assignments
-> a waste of government’s money
2. because there are too many universities and students
-> the government have to spend a huge amount of money to
support this policy
-> reduce investment in other important sectors (health care,
economics)
-> poorer living standard
Main idea:
Explain:
Result:
Example:
-> Dễ bị lẫn thứ tự
-> Đổi lại thứ tự lập plan:
1. Main idea viết trước, nhưng cách ra 1 dòng ở trên để nếu có
explain chúng ta viết ngược explain lên trên.
2. Lập plan đến chỗ nào thấy cần có example thì nhét nó vào
luôn.