Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jeff Martin
Christopher McCloud
Rebekkah Watkins
Contents:
Acknowledgements 2
Introduction 3
Mission Statement
Purpose
Objectives
Assets 7
Site Locations
Seasonal Accessibility
Historical Marker Program Sites
Visitors 11
Demographics and Target Groups
Usage Patterns
Visitor Surveys/Feedback
Interpretive Themes 15
Site Objectives 19
BRAHM 19
Short-Term
Mid-Term
Long-Term
Edgewood Cottage 20
Short-Term
Mid-Term
Long-Term
1888 Museum 20
Short-Term
Mid-Term
Long-Term
Historical Marker Program 21
Short-Term
Mid-Term
Long-Term
List of Illustrations 22
Bibliography 24
2
Acknowledgements
As the Fall 2019 Interpretation in Museums class created this master interpretive plan
they received assistance, feedback, and resources from a variety of people that they would like to
acknowledge. This project would not have been possible without the help of Tom OBrien, the
Interim President of the Blowing Rock Historical Society (BRHS). Through his many
presentations, email responses, and background knowledge, he quickly became the largest
resource for the project. Zach Dressel, an employee of Blowing Rock Art and History Museum
(BRAHM) and Appalachian State University Public History Alumnus, was also an extremely
helpful resource for this project. Zach’s assistance with items required from the BRAHM vault
and his perspectives on exhibit design specific to the display case was invaluable; especially
considering his prior work in the interpretation course during his time as a student. We also
thank Dianna Cameron, BRAHM Curator, for her help in designing the exhibit labels for the
history exhibit. Last but not least, the students in this course are especially thankful for their
professor, Dr. Andrea Burns. Dr. Burns shared her expertise on exhibit design, interpretive plan
creations, and overall public history knowledge each and every day. Without her professional
guidance and editing this project would not have been possible.
3
Introduction
Mission Statement
Founded in 1985 to preserve and protect the historical character and charm of the village,
the Blowing Rock Historical Society is an active organization of over 300 members and plays a
vital role in maintaining the unique sense of place that draws thousands of visitors to Historic
Purpose
This Master Interpretive Plan assists Blowing Rock Historical Society guidance in
making changes to their organization as well as increasing the visibility and use of their assets
and historical knowledge within Blowing Rock’s community. These suggestions are based on the
assets given to us by BRHS and include: Edgewood Cottage, Blowing Rock Art and History
Museum, 1888 Museum, and the Historical Marker Project. The objectives for each asset are
included later in the plan listed by level of attainability. Level 1 (short-term) will be simple
changes, Level 2 (mid-term) will include changes that may take more time and resources, and
Level 3 (long-term) will be the highest level and the most resource dependent changes for
BRHS. Improving the visibility of BRHS to the public is of high importance and this plan looks
at methods of accomplishing that goal. The focus of this plan is on Blowing Rock Historical
Society as a whole and does not include similar organizations or their operations.
Blowing Rock Historical Society is focused on creating a sense of place and community
based on the history of the village and the community’s people over the years. This plan
1
“Programs,” Blowing Rock Historical Society, accessed November 24, 2019,
https://www.blowingrockhistoricalsociety.com/programs.html.
4
highlights the assets and programs that BRHS currently owns and operates along with
recommendations on improving these assets and programs. The plan aims at increasing visitor
knowledge of Blowing Rock’s history through interpretation, exhibits, and programs hosted by
BRHS. The historical society has over 300 members and they are not alone in their desire to
preserve and celebrate the community and history of Blowing Rock.2 With the new themes and
interpretation, the membership of BRHS will grow and also see increased interest from existing
and new members of the organization with increased interest in participation as volunteers,
Objectives
There are three areas of objective themes contained within this Master Interpretive Plan
inspired directly from John Veverka’s Interpretive Master Planning Volume One: Strategies for
measurable, specific, and meaningful set of objectives for BRHS to work from. “What should
visitors learn or remember,” is the primary focus for the category of Learning Objectives.
Behavioral Objectives include “what do you want visitors to do.” Emotional Objectives center on
2
“Programs,” https://www.blowingrockhistoricalsociety.com/programs.html.
3
John A. Veverka, Interpretive Master Planning—Volume One: Strategies for the New Millennium
(Edinburgh, UK: MuseumsEtc, 2011), 48.
5
Learning Objectives:
● Educating visitors and members about the pastimes in which community members and
tourists participated.
● Encouraging visitors and members to relate concepts and themes in their current lives and
environment based on Blowing Rock history and exhibits housed in all BRHS sites.
● Identifying the many other historical sites—apart from BRAHM, the 1888 Museum, and
Behavioral Objectives:
● Building visitor traffic on BRHS social media, initially through the Facebook photo
● Engaging visitors and members in Blowing Rock with a walking tour showcasing
Historical Marker Program sites, increasing foot traffic along Main Street while also
creating a closer connection between the 1888 Museum and the site of BRAHM and
Edgewood Cottage.
● Increasing the likelihood for return visits by visitors and members to all BRHS sites new
Emotional Objectives:
● Developing visitors and members’ sense of place within Blowing Rock’s history and
● Inciting internal thought for visitors and members to compare and contrast Blowing
● Sharing the personal stories and memories of visitors and members through social media,
Assets
Site Locations
The Blowing Rock Art and History Museum, Edgewood Cottage, and the 1888 Museum
are all located close to one another; all sites are either on or near Main Street and are within
walking distance. Though the sites are within close proximity, the Blowing Rock Historical
Society identified that visitors often seem unaware that Blowing Rock continues farther than the
The 1888 Museum is in an ideal location to increase the Historical Society’s visibility. It
is on Main Street and adjacent to locations popular to visitors like the Martin House and Blowing
Rock City Park. There is already a large bulletin board with information for visitors located just
outside of the 1888 Museum. However, the lack of a consistent schedule for the museum, which
will be discussed in the next section, might explain why more visitors do not take the brochures
and information available at the 1888 Museum. In addition, BRHS lists its sites and projects on
its website. The information given on the website primarily addresses information about the sites
rather than the site locations. In the future, BRHS should consider providing these site’s
locations through their website allowing visitors to easily locate the sites and to see what other
The sites for the Historic Marker Program will be discussed more thoroughly in a later
section. Figure 1 provides a map of all sites affiliated with the Historic Marker Program. Figure 2
shows specifically those in downtown Blowing Rock. Those markers are much closer together,
and nearly all of them are on or close to Main Street. This allows for easy walking or driving
between locations.
8
Seasonal Accessibility
According to the BRHS website, the 1888 Museum is “open seasonally and weather
permitting.”4 Beyond the seasonal and weather limitations, the museum is entirely dependent on
volunteer staffing. These factors all combine to make the 1888 Museum a very unreliable visitor
attraction. The public cannot plan on visiting if there are no set days each week for the museum’s
Currently, Edgewood Cottage is only open during the summer months for the Artist in
Residence program.5 It is open every day while there is an artist there, but the building is closed
for the majority of the year. While there is some interpretation on the outside of the structure, an
opportunity to better utilize Edgewood Cottage is lacking. Edgewood Cottage connects to the
larger interpretive themes discussed later in the interpretive plan, but those connections are
currently minimal. Edgewood Cottage should be open year-round, maximizing the potential of
the site in interpretation of Blowing Rock’s history. In months when there is no Artist in
Residence, the lower floor could be used as an exhibit space. Seeing as the cottage is a restored
version of Elliott Daingerfield’s home, the exhibit should focus on his life there and his
interactions with the surrounding community. To accommodate the return of the Artist in
Residence program in the summer months, temporary and easily stored exhibits should be a
priority.
4
“Historical Hotel Cottage,” Blowing Rock Historical Society, accessed December 9, 2019,
https://www.blowingrockhistoricalsociety.com/programs.html#1888-museum.
5
“Edgewood Cottage,” Blowing Rock Historical Society, accessed December 9, 2019,
https://www.blowingrockhistoricalsociety.com/programs.html#edgewood-cottage.
9
The Blowing Rock Art and History Museum is open Tuesday through Saturday
year-round. The museum is open on Sunday afternoons only from May through October.6
Consideration of expanding hours during the winter months to Sundays should take place
dependent on visitation trends during this time of year. Ultimately, the current schedule is
consistent and allows for visitation most days of the week. Unless the museum receives
complaints from visitors about the schedule, or notices significant changes in when visitors are
The Historical Marker sites in the proposed walking tour may or may not be open when
visitors arrive depending on the season, time of day, and public access to the site. While it is
important to increase visibility for the historic sites around Blowing Rock, we need to make sure
to communicate to visitors when and if the sites are open for visitation. Likewise, the walking
tour may not always be an accessible option for all visitors. Weather conditions may make travel
unsafe. Individuals with mobility issues may also find it difficult to get to many of these sites.
The Town of Blowing Rock endorsed the program in 2008 and the first plaques were
presented in 2009. The program has eligibility guidelines for building recognition and a uniform
marker design. The red, oval markers relate, among other things, the year of initial construction;
original owner or builder; and key elements of the property’s significance. The marker
committee has identified over 125 properties in the downtown area alone that are 50 years or
6
“Welcome,” Blowing Rock Art and History Museum, accessed December 9, 2019,
https://blowingrockmuseum.org/welcome.html.
10
older. See figure 1 and figure 2 in the illustrations section for a map marking each of the sites
and a more detailed listing of the sites on the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum website.7
7
“Blowing Rock Historical Markers,” Blowing Rock Art and History Museum, accessed December 5,
2019, https://blowingrockmuseum.org/see-do/blowing-rock-historical-marker-program.html.
11
Visitors
community. The residents of Blowing Rock are predominantly white with a median age of 60
years old. There are slightly more women than men in the town as well.8 There is no similar data
for tourists, but a greater variation in age can be assumed. One of the goals of this interpretive
plan is to foster stronger ties between the Blowing Rock Historical Society and the local Blowing
Rock community, therefore this demographic data should not be used to justify catering to an
exclusively older, white audience. The Blowing Rock Historical Society must be considerate of
the fact that people of any age, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation could visit any of
the sites. Blowing Rock’s history includes a wealth of diversity and the presentation of this
The Blowing Rock Historical Society wants to serve the needs of all visitors, and paying
particular attention to currently underrepresented young visitors should be a priority. The best
way to sustain an organization and keep it stable moving into the future is with young,
committed members. While people of all ages should be welcomed as members and contributors,
a new generation of members ensures the Historical Society’s survival well into the future. To
this end, it may be beneficial to include technology where possible, have more, better publicized,
and more interactive events, and focus on stories that are compelling for a wider audience.
The proximity to Appalachian State University offers the opportunity to bring in student
members as well. If the Blowing Rock Historical Society were more visible in Boone and offered
8
“Blowing Rock, NC Population,” World Population Review, accessed December 9, 2019,
http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/blowing-rock-nc-population/.
12
incentives for students to join, there may be some students who become interested enough to
learn about Blowing Rock’s history and eventually become full members.
Usage Patterns
Based on the opening hours of the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum and
Edgewood Cottage, visitation peaks in the summer months. This coincides with the most visitor
traffic to Blowing Rock. However, there is still significant tourist visitation to nearby Boone
throughout the fall months. If the Blowing Rock Historical Society appeals to visitors and
students in Boone, expanding the hours of operation of these sites to include most days in the fall
If possible, the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum should attempt to gather data
about the length of time visitors spend in the museum. If it seems that visitors are quickly
moving through all of the exhibit rooms, this is evidence the exhibits are not connecting with
Based on our understanding of visitor experiences to the 1888 Museum, a staff member is
with visitors at all times, which limits the amount of time visitors spend at the site. Even though
it is a small space, visitors should be allowed to explore the 1888 Museum at their own pace
without a volunteer or staff member guiding them the entire time of their visit. As noted by
Franklin Vagnone and Deborah Ryan in Anarchist’s Guide to Historic House Museums, “We
concluded that the forced linearity of most [historic house museum] experiences, while packed
full of information, limited guests’ ability to build meaningful connection to the place … because
they were denied the meaning making that occurs through freedom of movement.”9 Allowing
Franklin D. Vagnone and Deborah E. Ryan, Anarchist’s Guide to Historic House Museums: A
9
Ground-Breaking Manifesto (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2016), 117.
13
visitors to make their own connections and explore their own curiosity is essential even in such a
confined space.
Visitor Surveys/Feedback
Options for visitor feedback at each of these sites is currently lacking. There are surveys
in the history exhibit at the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum, but their length is
prohibitive for many visitors to complete. Otherwise, the only places for feedback are on online
review sites such as Facebook and Yelp. These options are insufficient. There is currently no
way to survey visitors about current exhibits or what they would like to see in the future. Without
knowing what speaks to visitors, there is no way to keep interpretation relevant to their interests.
visitor’s voice being heard by the museum is an important aspect to keeping museums in check
interests is essential to the survival of both the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum and the
The solutions to this issue are simple and would provide invaluable data about visitor’s
experiences. Shorter questionnaires should replace the long surveys in the history exhibit. Rather
than an entire page, questions should be limited to no more than three questions on a single page.
Alternatively, the Blowing Rock Art and History Museum could use blank notecards and simply
ask visitors to write their thoughts. Either of these options would more likely generate responses
than the current form. At Edgewood Cottage or the 1888 Museum, similar short forms could be
placed near the entrance to the buildings. Both BRAHM and BRHS should also create feedback
10
Lauren Smedley, “6 Principles for Redesigning Museum Interpretation,” CultureConnect, accessed
December 9, 2019, https://cultureconnectme.com/wall-labels-interpretation/.
14
options on their respective websites, not only providing another way for visitors to let their
voices be heard but also generating more traffic on their websites with the benefit of increased
Interpretive Themes
The primary themes of the revised history exhibit at Blowing Rock Art and History
Museum (BRAHM) and for this Master Interpretive Plan are: community, tourism, and sense of
place. These themes encompass the many facets of Blowing Rock’s unique history and still
connect to the existing exhibit. When coming up with themes for this project, Sam Ham’s book,
Interpretation: Making a Difference on Purpose was referenced. His views on interpretation and
themes are that the audience needs to be stimulated to think. With the connections developed
with this stimulation, the visitor experience improves.11 Until recently, a memory map in the
history exhibit asked visitors for their memories of the community in their time spent in Blowing
Rock. The responses represented not only the experiences of life-long residents, but also visitors
to town—highlighting the shared experiences of both the museum’s long- and short-term
neighbors. The current history exhibit at BRAHM showcases several of the hotels and bed and
breakfasts that received the tourists of Blowing Rock. These visitors may not be full-time
community members, but their participation in the town stimulates continued economic growth
and continues to drive the community’s image of Blowing Rock. According to Ham, the best
way to make a well-rounded interpretive plan is to follow the TORE model—Theme, Organized,
Relevant, and Enjoyable.12 By doing this, the exhibit explores the primary themes while staying
connected to the overall interpretive plan for the Blowing Rock Historical Society.
Blowing Rock’s history of tourism and community is entirely dependent on its location
and aesthetic. This sense of place includes physical features like the town’s elevation and
11
Sam H. Ham, Interpretation: Making a Difference on Purpose (Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2013), 2.
12
Ham, 14.
16
location on the Blue Ridge escarpment, contributing to the availability of skiing in the winter and
the changing colors of leaves in the fall; the Main Street, America, feel that encompasses the
downtown shops and restaurants; and the warm reception extended to every member of the
Blowing Rock community, tourists and residents alike. This sense of belonging in Blowing Rock
stems from the three common themes identified for the interpretive plan: community, tourism,
and sense of place. The artifacts of the revised exhibit cover the recreational activities of the
town’s visitors and residents—the pastimes of all Blowing Rock’s community. This new themes
of Blowing Rock history creates a stronger bond between BRAHM’s two primary audiences: the
local community and its visitors. These new themes could also be a point of interest for potential
museum members who have a connection to the town but did not feel their interests were
represented before. Current BRHS members may also find they have a stronger connection to
these themes as well, thus drawing in more participation or donations from said members.
This interpretive plan for the Blowing Rock Historical Society will include all three of
their accessible buildings, as well as the Blowing Rock Historical Markers Program. The same
themes used in the BRAHM’s revised exhibit serve as the structure for the master interpretive
plan. The theme of community centers on Edgewood Cottage. While Elliott Daingerfield was not
a native to Blowing Rock, he purchased a home and spent much time here.13 The Artists in
Residence in this space also connects BRHS with the theme of community. By keeping the
artists local and creating a local ‘art scene,’ the program creates a tie between Blowing Rock and
its community.14 Drawing in more local artists for the program will continue to develop the
13
“Programs,” https://www.blowingrockhistoricalsociety.com/programs.html.
“Artists in Residence at Edgewood Cottage,” Blowing Rock Tourism Development Authority, accessed
14
community aspect of the program and help visitors to see why the program is important.
Allowing these local artists to sell their work also drives the economic importance of the
program. During the winter (off months) the cottage can be used as a historical house and an
extension of the full Blowing Rock history. This building also exists as part of the larger walking
tour as one of the three main stops. If the Artists in Residence program was to end, the space has
the potential to become a permanent exhibit space surrounding the story of Eliott Daingerfield
and the Blowing Rock community. This possibility will be considered within the asset options in
the larger interpretive plan. The 1888 Museum encompasses the theme of tourism, being a
cottage from the original Watauga Hotel; the structure itself is an artifact fitting the theme. With
a specific plan for the display of the many valuable artifacts currently held in the museum, with
the assistance of the Historic Furnishings Report, the site can visually represent the original
cottage from 1888. This full interpretive plan will include the objectives that are planned for each
The Historical Markers Program brings the theme “sense of place” to fruition in the
master interpretive plan. A cooperative effort between BRAHM and BRHS, the Historical
Markers Program identifies and recognizes buildings and sites, within the community of
Blowing Rock, that are significant as examples of a particular architectural style, may be of
historic importance, or simply deserve distinction by their design or relationship with Blowing
Rock’s legacy.15 This asset, along with the exhibits at BRAHM; the artists in residency program
at Edgewood; and the artifacts in the 1888 Museum are essential to developing a complete
representation of Blowing Rock’s sense of place. Each of these sites’ unique characteristics
15
“Blowing Rock Historical Markers,”
https://blowingrockmuseum.org/see-do/blowing-rock-historical-marker-program.html.
18
appeal to different groups of visitors. Together, they provide an experience for any visitor or
resident, of any demographic, to appreciate and enjoy their time in Blowing Rock.
Coordinating the assets of BRAHM with the Historical Markers Program allows both
residents and tourists the opportunity to explore the history of Blowing Rock outside the confines
of limited space. A walking tour through Blowing Rock centered around the historical markers
gives visitors the experience of Main Street and the many locations throughout town that recall
memories and create a sense of belonging. The master interpretive plan builds upon these general
concepts in greater length, focusing on these three main themes shared between all the spaces
Site Objectives
● Provide simple ways ● Consider more exhibits that tie ● Install electronic
for visitors to leave history and art together screens in the history
feedback (much ● Develop and print paper maps exhibit allowing for
more photos to be
shorter survey, online for the walking tour until the
displayed
feedback, etc.) online program can be ● Replace the “Haints
● Promote local BRHS developed and Haunts” section
sites ● Promote the walking tour and of the history exhibit
● Increased cooperation other historic sites around with something that
between BRAHM and Blowing Rock more directly ties in
BRHS ● Use visitor feedback to alter with the core themes
exhibits/presentation of exhibits ● Make greater
● Fix the iPad, or use that space connections within the
for something else community of
Blowing Rock.
Perhaps take part in
local events that
expand the reach of
the museum. This
could increase
visibility and make
BRAHM a more
integral part of the
community.16
16
For suggestions, see Vagnone and Ryan, 47-70.
20
Edgewood Cottage
1888 Museum
● Open more often for ● Implement 1888 Museum ● Create a staff position
winter visitors (use Historical Furnishing Report (part or full-time) to
part-time employee recommendations run 1888 Museum
for this position) ● Set standard times of operation during open hours
● Decide on objects and for each season with volunteer ● Design programming
interpretation for the to run them (optional for the museum—may
tourism theme and the installation of cameras for times include Art in the
1888 Museum as a with no volunteer) Park, holiday events,
whole ● Add walking tour maps or etc.
information on digital walking ● Reevaluate
tour app (same maps and programming and
information housed at BRAHM visitation
and Edgewood Cottage)
● Complete yearly evaluations
21
List of Illustrations
Fig. 2 - Inset Map of Blowing Rock Historical Marker Program Downtown Sites
24
Bibliography
“Blowing Rock Historical Markers.” Blowing Rock Art and History Museum. Accessed
December 5, 2019.
https://blowingrockmuseum.org/see-do/blowing-rock-historical-marker-program.html.
Ham, Sam H. Interpretation: Making a Difference on Purpose. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2013.
Tilden, Freeman. Interpreting Our Heritage. Edited by R. Bruce Craig. Chapel Hill: University
of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Vagnone, Franklin D. and Deborah E. Ryan. Anarchist’s Guide to Historic House Museums: A
Ground-Breaking Manifesto. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2016.
Veverka, John A. Interpretive Master Planning—Volume One: Strategies for the New
Millennium. Edinburgh, UK: MuseumsEtc, 2011.
25
Contributions
Bekkah:
● Title page
● Contents page (p. 1)
● Acknowledgements (p. 2)
● Introduction (p. 3-6)
● Interpretive Themes (p. 15-18) - some of this is pulled from the exhibition which we all
worked on
● Site Objectives (p. 20) - Edgewood Cottage and 1888 Museum
Chris:
● Assets (p. 9-10) - Historical Marker Program
● Site Objectives (p. 20) - Historical Marker Program
● Illustrations (p. 21-22)
● A Draft of an Introduction - Bekkah’s covered my topics in greater depth when listed
with the mission statement and purpose
● Overall editing of the document and converting citations to Chicago style
Jeff:
● Assets (p. 7-10) - except for Historical Marker Program Sites
● Visitors (p. 11-14)
● Site Objectives (p. 19) - BRAHM
Everyone:
● Bibliography