SPEECH RECOGNITION – SPECIFIC TASK OF SPEECH

RECOGNITION
Er Sarbjeet Singh, Er.Manjit Thapa , Er Gurpreet Singh , ErSukhvinder singh

Department of Computer Science, Sri Sai College of Engg. & Tech. Badhani
(Pathankot).

Email id – sarbaish@gmail.com , manjit.thapa@yahoo.co.in , chohan87@gmail.com

,sukhaish@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper presents an overview of speech recognition technology, software, development
and applications. It begins with a description of how such systems work, and the level of accuracy that can
be expected. Applications of speech recognition technology in education and beyond are then explored. A
brief comparison of the most common systems is presented, as well as notes on the main centers of speech
recognition research in the educational sector. The paper Concludes with potential uses of speech
recognition in education, probable main uses of the technology in the future, and a selection of key web-
based resources. We introduce original visual descriptors related to the dominant and residual image
motions. The different summary types are obtained by specifying adapted classification criteria which
involve audio features to select the relevant segments to be included in the video aids. Such systems are
now capable of understanding continuous speech input for vocabularies of several thousand words in
operational environments.

Keyword: Introduction, Conventional system, Audio and Video aids .uses of recognition & application
of system speech.

1. INTRODUCTION systems are, not surprisingly, easier to construct

We can classify speech recognition tasks and
systems along a set of dimensions that produce
various tradeoffs in applicability and robustness.
We have made signi_cant progress in automatic
speech recognition (ASR) for well-de_ned. Some
speech systems only need identify.[1,2,3]
Single words at a time (e.g., speaking a number
to route a phone call to a company to the
appropriate person), while others must recognize
sequences of words at a time. The isolated word
and can be quite robust as they have a complete
set of patterns for the possible inputs.
Continuous word systems cannot have complete
representations of all possible inputs, but must
assemble patterns of smaller speech events (e.g.,
words) into larger sequences (e.g., sentences).
Speech recognition allows you to provide input
to an application with your voice. Just like
clicking with your mouse, typing on your
keyboard, or pressing a key on the phone keypad
provides input to an application, speech
recognition allows you to provide input by
talking. In the desktop world, you need a
microphone to be able to do this. In the Voice
world, all you need is a telephone. [4,5]
2. Speech recognition engine
The speech recognition process is performed by
a software component known as the speech
recognition engine. The primary function of the
speech recognition engine is to process spoken
input and translate it into text that an application
understands. The application can then do one of
two things & shown in figure0.
Grammars
Audio Input Recognized
Text
Recognition
engine
Model
Figure 0. Shown in speech recognition engine.
• The application can interpret the result
of the recognition as a command. In this
case, the application is a command and
control application. An example of a
command and control application is one
in which the caller says “check
balance”, and the application returns
the current balance of the caller’s
account.
• If an application handles the recognized
text simply as text, then it is considered
a dictation application. In a dictation
application, if you said “check balance,”
the application would not interpret the
result, but simply return the text “check
balance”.
2. Production of speech
While you are producing speech sounds, the air
flow from your lungs first passes the glottis and
then your throat and mouth. Depending on which
speech sound you articulate, the speech signal
can be excited in three possible ways:[6,7]
• Voiced excitation the glottis is closed.
The air pressure forces the glottis to
open and close periodically thus
generating a periodic pulse train
(triangle–shaped). This “fundamental
frequency” usually lies in the range
from 80Hz to 350Hz.
• Unvoiced excitation The glottis is
open and the air passes a narrow
passage in the throat or mouth. This
results in a turbulence which generates a
noise signal. The spectral shape of the
noise is determined by the location of
the narrowness.[8,9]
• Transient excitation a closure in the
throat or mouth will raise the air
pressure. By suddenly opening the
closure the air pressure drops down
immediately. (”plosive burst”)
Speech recognition has accepted the three types
of given below: of the spectral shape of the
speech signal are determined by the shape of the
vocal tract (the pipe formed by your throat,
tongue, teeth and lips). By changing the shape of
the pipe (and in addition opening and closing the
air flow through your nose) you change the
spectral shape of the speech signal, thus
articulating different speech sounds. As shown in
Utterances Pronunciations
figure1.
In this paper, we will explore the core
components of modern statistically-based speech Terms of
recognition systems. We will view speech recognition

recognition problem in terms of three tasks:

signal modeling, network searching, and
Dependent&
Grammars
language understanding. independent

Figure2. Shown in basic term of recognition.

Production of speech
• Utterances – When the user says
something, it is known as Utterances is
any stream of speech between two
periods of silence[10,11]. Utterances are
sent to the speech engine to be

Voiced excitation Unvoiced of excitation processed. Utterances are sent to the

Transient excitation
Figure 1. Shown in phases of production.
We will conclude our discussion with an
overview of state-of-the-art Systems and a
review of available resources to support further
research and technology development.
3. Recognition of terms
It is important to have a good understanding of
these concepts when developing
applications as shown in figure 2.
speech engine to be processed. If the
user doesn’t say anything, the engine
returns what is known as a silence
timeout - an indication that there was no
speech detected within the expected
timeframe, and the application takes an
appropriate action, such as regrouping
the user for input. As shown in figure2.
• Pronunciations - as speech recognition
engine uses all sorts of data, statistical
models, and algorithms to convert
spoken input into text.[12,13] One piece
Voice
of information that the speech
recognition engine uses to process a
word is its pronunciation, which
represents what the speech engine
thinks a word should sound like.

• Recognition Grammars- A speech

recognition grammar is a set of word
patterns, and tells a speech recognition
system what to expect a human to say.
For instance, if you call a voice
 directory application, it will prompt you do not have the time or resources to
for the name of the person you would develop keyboard skills.
like to talk with. It will then start up a • Dyslexic people or others who have
speech recognizer, giving it a speech problems with character or word use
recognition grammar. This grammar and manipulation in a textual form.
contains the names of the people in the • People with physical disabilities that
directory, and the various sentence affect either their data entry, or ability
patterns callers typically respond with. to read (and therefore check) what they
As shown in figure2. have entered.
• A speaker dependent system is • Speech recognition systems used by
developed to operate for a single the general public e.g. phone-based
speaker. These systems are usually automated timetable information, or
easier to develop, cheaper to buy and ticketing purchasing, can be used
more accurate, than but not as flexible immediately – the user makes contact
as speaker adaptive or speaker with the system, and speaks in
independent systems. As shown in response to commands and questions.
figure2. • Speech recognition software is
• A speaker independent system is configured or designed to be used on a
developed to operate for any speaker of standalone computer. However, it is
a particular type (e.g. American possible to configure some software in
English). These systems are the most order to be used over a network.
difficult to develop, most expensive and Speech recognition can be includes by web
accuracy is lower than speaker design system. Web design can be followed
dependent systems. However, they are by client/server model system & interacting
more flexible & shown in figure2. with computers such as reliability, input and

4. Conventional speech recognition output devices.

systems 5. Uses of recognition

Speech recognition is an alternative to traditional Speech recognition can be used to

methods of interacting with a computer, such as educational system business system,

textual input through a keyboard. An effective industrial country as shown in figure 3.

system can replace, or reduce the reliability on,

standard keyboard and mouse input. It has the
following phases & given below as: Uses of
recognition
• People who have little keyboard skills
or experience, who are slow typists, or
Phases of speech used as
two everything. Busines
Educati
s system
on
system

Figure 3.shown in recognition of uses.
• Education system - as the development
of system speech recognition
computer application that lets people
control a computer by speaking to it. In
other words, rather than using a
keyboard to communicate with the
computer, the user speaks commands
into a microphone (usually on a
headset) that is connected
computer.
• Business system – In business, speech
recognition technology can
automate tasks, increase
productivity, and increase.
Companies’ ability to better service
customers. For the mobile workforce, speech
recognition technology can keep
connected to the office while on the road in a
manner that is both legal and appropriate – a
growing consideration as an increasing number
of states pass legislation restricting the use of
hand-held cell phones and text
6. Application of recognition
Recognition can be used to the application of
audio and visual tasks such as
recognitions as shown in figure4. These are the
following points as given below:
• Audio-Visual aids are fist concept of
communicating with people. There are a
variety of audio-visual aids which can
be used - it is Important to select aids
which are appropriate to the method.
The word "aids" is vital to a correct
Understanding of their use.
• Music used on its own can be very
effective as a scene setter and can help
create atmosphere.
is a • Audio aids communicate ideas through
the ears to the mind. They may take the
form of music or tape recordings,
television, records, sound films, etc.
• Visual aids communicate facts and
ideas through the eyes to the mind and
emotions. Visual aids include films,
to a slides, videos, overhead projection,
books, photographs, models and charts.
help
worker Applicatio
n
Of
Recognitio
its n
Workers
Audio tasks Video tasks
Figure 4.shown in application of speech
system.
• Video tasks are second concept of
speech recognition system. & can
be used a fist television set, second
speech
as projector system.
• When showing a video, make sure
the picture will be big enough for
the whole audience to see. The
maximum screen that you are likely
to get with a television is about
75cm (30 inches), while a video
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