Title: Petroleum Refining, Volume 4 - Materials and Equipment
Table: Interactive Graphs
class material x-axis
Distance between tube
axes/tube outside diameter,
E/D
Distance between tube
axes/tube outside diameter,
E/D
Gas temperature (°C)
gas carbon Gas temperature (°C)
dioxide
Ratio of refractory wall
surface and receiving surface,
AR/FA
Distance between tube
axes/tube outside diameter,
E/D
Tube melt temperature (°C)
Tube melt temperature (°C)
Heat flux density (kW/m2)
Heat flux density (kW/m2)
hydrocarbon normal Temperature potential (°C)
pentane
Gas Velocity (cm/s)
Flow rate (m3/h)
Flow rate (m3/h)
liquid water Temperature (°C)
Inlet volume flow rate (m3/h)
Petroleum Refining, Volume 4 - Materials and Equipment © 2000 Editions Technip
y-axis graph title text graph
digitizer
Angle factor, μ Figure 5.17. Angle factor μ for heat exchange by radiation between a plane view text
and a row of tubes.
Exchange factor, F Figure 5.18. Overall exchange factor F for heat exchange by radiation view text
between a plane and a row of tubes (the factor F applies to the area S of
the plane).
Steam emmisivity, εw Figure 5.19. Emissivity of steam for a partial pressure pw # 0 and a total view text
pressure of the gas mass pT = 1 atm. See pdf for additional text.
Carbon dioxide Figure 5.20. Emissivity of carbon dioxide for a total pressure of the gas view text
emmisivity, εc mass pT # 1 atm. See pdf for additional text.
Angle factor, μR1 Figure 5.24. Angle factor μR1 between the refractory wall surface AR, and view text
the receiving surface FA.
Overall exchange Figure 5.25. Overall exchange factor F and angle factor μ for heat view text
factor, F, angle factor, exchange by radiation between a radiating plane and one or two rows of
μ tubes (black surface) placed in front of a refractory wall.
Heat flux density, φ Figure 5.27. Heat flux density φ on the surface of tubes in the radiation view text
(kW/m2) section of furnaces with vertical tubes heated on only one side, with 20%
excess air. See pdf for additional text.
Heat flux density, φ Figure 5.28. Heat flux density φ on the surface of tubes in the radiation view text
(kW/m2) section in furnaces with horizontal tubes heated on only one side, with 20%
excess air. See pdf for additional text.
Height (m) Figure 5.29. Vertical distribution of incident heat flux density by radiation view text
in a vertical cylindrical furnace.
Height (m) Figure 5.30. Vertical distribution of incident heat flux density by radiation view text
in a furnace with horizontal tubes.
Flux (kW/m2) Figure 6.17. Vaporization of normal pentane. view text
Solid fraction Figure 7.47. Diagram illustrating the different fluidization regimes found in view text
a catalytic cracking unit. See pdf for additional text.
Pressure (bar) Figure 8.1. Approximate range of operation for the three main types of view text
pump.
Head (m) Figure 8.10. Influence of impeller diameter on the characteristic curve. view text
Vapor pressure, Tv Figure 8.11. Water vapor pressure (expressed in meters of water column) view text
versus the temperature.
Pressure ratio Figure 8.38A. Characteristic curves of a centrifugal compressor. Pressure view text
ratio versus inlet flow rate.
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Title: Petroleum Refining, Volume 4 - Materials and Equipment
Table: Interactive Graphs

Reynolds number, Re Power number, Np Figure 9.9. Examples of variation in the power factor Φ versus the Reynolds view text
number for different agitation impellers.
Reynolds number, Re Power factor, Φ Figure 9.10. Variation in the power factor versus the Reynolds number (for view text
an anchor).

Petroleum Refining, Volume 4 - Materials and Equipment © 2000 Editions Technip 2