LITTLE KINGDOM SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

New Ramnagar, Adhartal, Jabalpur

Half yearly Exam – (2020-21)
Subject – Physics
Class – XII
Time:- 2 Hour M.M.-50

General Instructions:
i. All questions are compulsory.
ii. Question 1-7 carrying 2 marks each.
iii. Question 8-14 carrying 3 marks each.
iv. Question 15-17 carrying 5 marks each.
SECTION - A
1 Define electric field intensity. Write its SI unit. Write the magnitude and direction of electric field
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intensity due to an electric dipole of length 2a at the mid-point of the line joining the two charges.

2 Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is uniformly
distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does the total 2
electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.

3 (a) Draw equipotential surfaces due to a point Q > 0. (b) Are these surfaces equidistant from each
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other? If not, explain why.

4 Using the mathematical expression for the conductivity of a material, explain

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how it varies with temperature for (i) semiconductors, (ii) good conductors.

5
Define drift velocity. Write its relationship with relaxation time in terms of the electric field applied
to a conductor. 2
A potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length L. How is the drift velocity
affected when V is doubled and L is halved?

6 State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Write briefly how this machine is used to accelerate
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charged particles to high energies.

7 Define the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer. “Increasing the current sensitivity may
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not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity.” Justify this statement.

SECTION - B

8 Using Gauss’s theorem, show mathematically that for any point outside the shell, the field due to a
uniformly charged thin spherical shell is the same as if the
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entire charge of the shell is concentrated at the centre. Why do you expect the electric field inside the
shell to be zero according to this theorem?
9 A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii r and R (R > r) respectively, such
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that their surface densities of charges are equal. Find the potential at the common centre.

10 Define relaxation time of the free electrons drifting in a conductor. How is it related to the drift velocity
of free electrons? Use this relation to deduce the expression for the electrical resistivity of the 3
material.

11 A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length L and diameter D. How are the electric
field E and the resistance R of the conductor affected when (i) V is halved (ii) L is halved (iii) D is
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doubled. Justify your
answer.

12 Describe the path of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field with initial velocity
(i) parallel to (or along) the field.
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(ii) perpendicular to the field.
(iii) at an arbitrary angle θ(0° < θ < 90°).

13 (a) Two long straight parallel conductors a and b, carrying steady currents Ia and Ib are separated by a
distance d. Write the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field produced by the conductor a at the
points along the conductor b. If the currents are flowing in the same direction, what is the nature and
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magnitude of the force between the two conductors?
(b) Show with the help of a diagram how the force between the two conductors would change when
the currents in them flow in the opposite directions.

14 Derive the expression for force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying
conductors. Hence, define one ampere.

Or

Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady currents I1 and I2 separated by a distance 3
d. If the currents are flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field set up in one
produce an attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression for this force. Hence define
one ampere.
SECTION – C
15 (a) Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for the electric field intensity at any point outside a
uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R and charge density σ C/m2. Draw the field lines
when the charge density of the sphere is (i) positive, (ii) negative. 5
(b) A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.5 m in diameter has a surface charge density of 100
μC/m2. Calculate the (i) charge on the sphere, and (ii) total electric flux passing through the sphere.

16 (a) State the working principle of a potentiometer. Draw a circuit diagram to compare emfs of
two primary cells. Derive the formula used. 5
(b) Which material is used for potentiometer wire and why?
(c) How can the sensitivity of a potentiometer be increased?

17 (a) State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside an
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air cored toroid of average radius r, having n turns per unit length and carrying a steady current I.
 (b) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns each of
cross-section area A observes that a steady current I in it flows in the clockwise direction.
Depict the magnetic field lines due to the solenoid specifying its polarity and show that it acts
as a bar magnet of magnetic moment m = NIA.