Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

CHAPTER I- THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

At the end of the topic, you will be able to:

1. discuss the different chapters of a research paper and identify the sub-
parts of Chapter 1;
2. diagram examples of conceptual framework and identify theories
used; and
3. formulate correct Hypothesis and Statement of the Problem.

The 5 Chapters of a Research Paper

Chapter I- The problem and its Background

Chapter II- Review of the Related Literature and Studies
Chapter III- Research Methodology
Chapter IV- Presentation, Interpretation, Analysis of Data
Chapter V- Summary, Findings and Conclusions of the Study

Chapter I
The first part of a Research Paper where the following sub-parts are presented:

1. Introduction
 Overview or the macro-view of what the research will be about
 The part which includes the Importance of the study.
 Focus of the study
 Purpose of the study
 Presentation of the problem
 Rationale
 Legal, ethical, philosophical and psychosocial framework basis

Consider these ideas in constructing your research introduction

 Surprising facts
 Humor
 Quotations finding the hook
 Curiosity
 Definition
 End with a good beginning

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

2. Background of the Study

 A discussion on the setting of the problem the previous efforts taken to solve
related problems, the rationale underlying the choice of particular area of
investigation.
 The historical account of the development of the problem
 Observed problems or issues

3. Theoretical framework
Theory
- Upon which the study to be based
- Idea or set of ideas tend to explain facts or events
- An idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but is not known or proven
to true.
- The general principles or ideas that relate to a particular subject

 These are drawn from review of the related literature and studies. It classifies the
relationship between and among the major variables of the study.
 It includes theories cited by the authorities regarding a topic and an explanation on
how these theories apply to a study.

Examples:
1. Theory of the Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget 2. Theory of Learning Styles by
Dunn an Dunn

11.. Environmental
E n v ir o n m e n t a l
4. Formal Operational
22.. EEmotional
m o ti o n a l
3. Concrete Operational
33.. Sociological
S o c io lo g ic a l
2. Pre-operational
44.. PPhysiological
h y s io lo g ic a l
1. Sensory
55.. Psychological
P s y c h o lo g ic a l

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

In writing the Theoretical Framework, the researcher should cite theories that would
best explain their chosen field of study. Theories are best to use in strengthening our research
paper to be valid and reliable because it has undergo extensive studies and experimentation.

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
4. Conceptual Framework
 A tool that the researcher use to guide their inquiry.
 A concept, illustration or diagram used by the researcher to present the ideas of
the study and show the relationship of the variables.

Types of Conceptual Framework

 Relational Framework- relationship, impact, correlates, effect between and among

variables in the study.

Example: “The Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence as correlates to the Organizational
Commitment of the Senior High School Students of the AMACC Paranaque.”.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

(CAUSE) (EFFECT)

ORGANIZATIONAL
LEADERSHIP STYLE by PATH
COMMITMENT
GOAL
-Length of service
-Directive
-Participatory/Dedication
-Supportive
-Task Proficiency
-Participative
-Achievement
MAYER'S ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
-Affective Commitment
by GOLEMAN
(Affection to yourself)
-Self-awareness
-Continuance Commitment
-Self-regulation
(Fear of loss)
-Social Skills
-Normative Commitment
-Empathy
(Sense of obligation to stay)
-Motivation

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Figure 1 The figure above shows the relationship of Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence
to the Organizational Commitment of the SHS Students of AMACC Paranaque

 Evaluative Framework
Strategies
 Analyze Process
Methods
 Measure Policies
 Study Progress
 Assess Technique
 Examine System
Procedures

PROCESS
INPUT Assessment
-Variables to be through:
OUTPUT
investigated - questionnaires
-Statement of - documenting
the Problem -Possible solution
- interview to the problem
(SOP) - observation
-Recommendations
- statistical
-Theories treatment
- analysis

Figure 2 Sample diagram of Evaluative Framework

INPUT- this is where we put the variable/s to be investigated in the study, the Statement of the
Problem, which serves as the objective of the paper that needs to be answered or solved, or
the Theories related to the topic.

PROCESS- the part of the diagram that shows the steps/methods on how to gather the needed
data for the study as well as on how to interpret the data gathered.

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THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
OUTPUT- the possible solution to the problem, recommendations and alternatives to the
problem is found in this box.

Example: “Assessment on the effectiveness of the Online Education / Blended Learning to the
Senior High School Students of AMACC Paranaque”

PROCESS
INPUT OUTPUT
Assessment through:
-Proposed
a. Responsiveness - questionnaires
Program/Action
b. Relevance - documenting
Plan
- interview
c. Efficiency - Program for
- observation
Improvements/Rec
d. Adequacy - statistical treatment ommendations
- analysis

Figure 3 (Note: For every table, diagram, figure or illustration always put an interpretation
below without cutting the figure and the text.)

5. Statement of the Problem

 Contains the need for undertaking the research project followed by the detailed
set of objectives.
Objectives- address the purpose of the project/paper.

Example:
“The Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence as correlates to the Organizational
Commitment of the Senior High School Students of the AMACC Paranaque.”

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This study will determine the relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style
to the Organizational Commitment of the SHS Students of AMACC Paranaque, specifically it will
answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following:
a. Name (optional)
b. Age
c. Gender
d. Grade level
e. Organizational Position
2. What is the respondent’s Leadership Style?
3. What is the Emotional Intelligence level of the respondents?
4. How does the Organizational Commitment level of the respondents is describe? What is
the level of the Organizational of the respondents?
5. Is there a significant relationship between:
a. the respondents Leadership Style level and their Organizational Commitment level.
b. the respondents emotional Intelligence level and their Organizational Commitment
level.

Note: In formulating the Statement of the Problem, question no. 1 should always be the profile
of the respondents and the last question must be the most important question that needs to be
answered.

6. Hypothesis
 Hypothesis are tentative statements about a given problem which serves as a
tentative answer to one or more of the research question and are subjected to
statistical test.
Ho- Null- No relationship/difference exist
Ha – Alternative- There’s a significant relationship/difference

Note: Hypothesis that is under a research proposal should always take a Null Hypothesis not
unless the study is done; we can now change the hypothesis depending on the result or
findings.

7. Scope and Delimitations of the study

 Scope- it defines the exact boundaries of the investigation as they relate to the
nature of information necessary for the study and feasibility of obtaining them.
 Limitations- also known as the “bound”. It is the part that explains where you
drew the line on doing any further research.

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
8. Significance of the Study
 This portion indicates the need of the study and its possible applications and
utilizations.

9. Definition of Terms
 This part includes conceptual and operational definition of important terms as
used in the study.

Reference/s:

Baraceros, Esther L. (2017), Practical Research 2, Rex Book Store, Inc., First Edition

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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH

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