B2B Marketing

Dec 2020

1. A business marketer (who is a potential supplier) is keen to supply cold-rolled (CR)

steel coils to a major passenger car manufacturer, who has been buying the same
material from three other suppliers on regular basis for the past few years. As per the
purchase policy, the car manufacturer cannot buy any material from more than three
suppliers. What should the business marketer do to supply CR steel coils to the major
passenger car manufacturer?

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Cold Rolled Steel Coils, also called CR or CRS, are incredibly ductile. The main properties
of CR are that they are non-shrinking and non-creeping at room or ordinary temperature.
CR is known for its ability to hold tight tolerances and retain few surface imperfections. It is
20 percent stronger than the typical hot rolled steel, making it a perfect fit for the most
significant and most challenging projects. It also has a better look than the hot rolled steel.
Welding and fabrication businesses are widely used in many industries like construction,
automotive, metal, railways, etc. These industries are commonly used in pipes and tubes,
truck frames, doors and shelves, rail tracks, railroad car parts, etc. Welders and fabricators
qualified to complete their job/consignment on time with top quality have the advantage of
running the business with full capacity.

In our case, where the business

2. Suppose you are working in a courier services company, which is ranked fourth in
the domestic Indian market in terms of market share. Your company management
thinks that one of the ways to improve sales & profit performance, as well as the
company’s market share, is to implement the concept of Integrated Marketing
Communications (IMC). You are asked to prepare a proposal indicating the objectives,
strategies & challenges in implementing the IMC.

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Integrated Marketing Communication:

The American Association of Advertising Agencies defines Integrated Marketing

Communication (IMC) as "a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety
of communication disciplines and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency,
and maximum
3a Read the following Case & solve the questions given:

When SS Electroplating Company started the electroplating operations in a residential

location in Bengaluru, it received a notice from the pollution Control Board to install
the effluent treatment plant within 15 days, failing which they would seal the plant.

The Director of the company collected the information that it would cost about
10,00,000 to buy an effluent treatment plant, an area of about 600 sq.feet to install it
over a period of 2-3 months, & running cost of about 40,000 per month for the purchase
of material like costic soda & others. The effluent contained nickel, synide, cromium,
cadminum& zinc, which were to be treated separately using different chemicals. After
effluent liquid of about 800 litres per day was treated, the sludge was to be dried,
packed, stored & dumped in a government notified place. The entire process would not
only cost substantial amount, but also would need additional area of about 600-700 sq.
feet

The company gathered information that some of the competitors outsourced the
effluent treatment to government approved agencies, who collected the effluent liquid
from these chemical & electroplating factories, & treated (or neutralized) the chemicals
at their effluent treatment plants. These agencies charged 10 to 15 per litre for the
treatment of effluent liquid, depending on the type of chemicals. The cost of outsourcing
was considered much higher compared to in-house effluent treatment plant. However,
SS Electroplating Company, like many other chemical & electroplating factories did not
have additional area for the installation of effluent treatment plant.

The Director was aware that the liquid waste from the factory would have harmful
effects on the surrounding residential area. He also could not violate the Government
regulation on environment control. The director had very little time – two weeks – to
decide & act.

a. If you were the Director of the company, what would you do & why?

(5 Marks)

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Electroplating is a process under which a metal is coated with another metal to prevent rust. 
Electroplating wastewater contains highly toxic cyanide, cyanide complexes, and metal ions
that make treatment a complex problem. As the electroplating industries are located in small
and unorganized sectors in India, the

Integrated Marketing Communication

1. Develop an Integrated Marketing Communication Plan for Patanjali’s Coronil Kit
which claims to boost immunity and aids in COVID management. Clearly identify the
target audience and the various mediums of communication. Briefly elucidate the
rationale behind the suggested mediums of communication and the expected outcome in
terms of reach and conversion for the same. (10 Marks)

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Steps to developing an Integrated Marketing Communication plan for Patanjali's

Coronil Kit:

Let us develop the Integrated Marketing Communication plan:

Situational Analysis: 
The company must conduct a situational analysis. They must analyze to understand the
situation and identify the areas which need this coronil kit. The areas that will have maximum
demand for these kits will be where the Covid cases are more.
Target Markets:  Its
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1. 2. Review the recent communication campaigns of Netflix India. How similar or
different is it from Amazon Prime India. As a marketing expert/opinion leader
which of these campaigns you think would result in more viewership and why? (10
Marks)
SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Netflix and Amazon Prime are service media and production companies whose primary
revenue generation model is subscription-based streaming services for online streaming
movies and web series.
Both have gained a massive

3. Fortune Foods #AamchaGharChaRaja Campaign talks about celebrating festivals in

the New Normal (Source: Retrieved from www.afaqs.com).

a. Identify the Advertising Objectives of the Campaign. (5 Marks)

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Fortune foods AamchaGharChaRaja was a campaign that was released by the company
during the festival of Ganeshotsav. With the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, Ganeshotsav could
not be celebrated with the energy and zeal like

Digital payments
Dec 2020

1. Digital payments comprises payment transactions carried out using a variety of

electronic modes such as cards, mobile or internet based set ups, to send and receive
money. Adoption of digital payments has increased significantly with the move towards
a cashless economy. Alternate payment channels fulfill customer demands for
convenience and speed and could soon become mainstream. With the widespread use of
smartphones, mobile banking and payments applications have gone mainstream, and
wearables provide convenient access to such applications. Contactless payments enable
consumers to make everyday purchases quickly and safely especially for low-value
transactions. Mobility, Internet of things (IOT), connected homes, entertainment, and
media are expected to augment the non-cash transaction volumes significantly. By 2021,
it is expected that more than 15 billion machine-to-machine (M2M) and consumer
electronic devices are likely to be connected. As merchants start providing Augmented
Reality (AR) assisted shopping experiences, they will likely look for an AR-integrated
payment gateway that delivers a superior customer experience. The Digital Payments
ecosystem in India are undergoing a transformation with the entry of global tech giants
that are acting as aggregators for retail transactions. Within just four months of launch,
Google’s payments app is now already processing a large number of digital
transactions. You are requested to prepare a report on the opportunities arising due to
countrywide adoption of digital payments in India. Discuss the developments that will
contribute to the growth of digital payments in the country. Suggest additional
measures in order to boost electronic payments in India, which have not been in
practice.

Answer: Digital payments

Demonetization affected all of us in many ways and one positive impact is sharp increase in
the usage of digital payment options. Earlier, there were many people who were happy to
visit various offices, shops, centres to perform several transactions, they always had the
option to transact online but as they wer Its Half solved only
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2. Paytm (One 97 Communications Ltd) has spent nearly ₹14,500 crore to convince
Indians to substitute digital payments for cash. For a few months after demonetization
in November 2016, it seemed like the company was on the cusp of victory. However as of
now, Paytm is in danger of having its meal eaten by new market entrants in the
payment apps. According to a 2018 Credit Suisse report, digital payments are expected
to grow to $1 trillion by 2023 compared with $200 billion in 2018. However digital
wallets, where Paytm has established a monopoly, may soon become obsolete. Growth in
digital payments is now being led by the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) platform.
Dozens of large companies and small startups from Reliance Industries to Facebook to
Razorpay are launching UPI-based products. Two newer payment apps, in particular,
are threatening to topple Paytm. For many months now, Walmart-owned PhonePe and
Google Pay, the search giant’s eponymous payment app, have recorded more
transactions on UPI than Paytm. This development has been reported earlier in
different publications as well. With the expansion of UPI, usage of wallets is expected to
wind down completely over the next few years. According to the latest data from the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), wallet transaction value dropped to ₹15,109 crore in
October 2019, from ₹18,786 crore a year ago. Paytm has hired you as an Independent
Strategy consultant. Prepare a report on what measures and strategy could you employ
in order to sustain in the competition.

Answer: In this technological world, we find so many innovations and technological

advancement in all the industries and it includes banking and E-commerce industry as well.
In past 1-2 years, we have seen different digital payments methods which have introduced to
make our life simpler. Earlier there was debit and credit cards, Internet banking as digital
payment options but with the time, we have seen many developments in this regard. Now, we
have several new, innovative, quick, secured and more reliable digital payment options such
as UPI payments, wallet payments etc.

Latest trends in digital payments

Biometric authentication for payments: We have experienced several digital payments
innovations in last one year or so and biometric authentication is the latest trend in digital
payments. Under this mode of payment,

3. Bitcoin and other alt-coins must overcome competition from existing, government-
sponsored currencies and reduce the costs for consumers to switch to new payment
systems. The biggest obstacle to the widespread adoption of bitcoin is the incumbent-
monies problem. By providing a lower bound on the network size of the incumbent
money, legal tender status and public acceptability make it more difficult to overcome
the network-effects problem. NASDAQ has announced it will launch a blockchain style
digital ledger technology to manage equities with its NASDAQ Private Market
Platform. If the blockchain technology significantly reduces the costs of processing
transactions, it will be adopted. Bitcoin and the alt coins are unlikely to function as
more than a niche money except in the unlikely event of hyper-inflation
a. Discuss how adoption of bitcoin will affect the existing modes of digital payments?
b. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of bitcoin over digital payments system.

Answer: a) A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of

exchange. It uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions as well as to control the
creation of new units of a particular cryptocurrency. Essentially, cryptocurrencies are limited
entries in a database that no one can

IT Security and risk management

Dec 2020

1. A device or an application needed to track a network or system for malicious

activities or violation of policies is known as Intrusion Detection System. Whereas, the
testing that examines the security of an organization prior to an attack on the network
by a hacker is known as penetration testing. What are the challenges and benefits of
Intrusion detection system and penetration testing for an organization in their security?
Also is it necessary to have both these strategies implemented in a single organization?
Justify your opinion.

Answer: Role of data security in organizations

Modern organisations are rich with data. Owing to large-scale computerisation efforts, almost
all processes, activities, and interactions within the organisation are available in accessible
databases. This rich data environment has spawned a variety of software applications that rely
on the principles of decision support systems (DSS) and enable organisations to change their
competitive strategy. Company has good amount of important data but there is no security in
the company to keep that data secure and confidential. There should be proper information
system in the company and that should be fully secured. Employees should have limited
access to the data as per their designation and resp Its Half solved only
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2. MSME companies over the last decade have invested in various cyber security
detection and prevention policies. These include, corporate firewalls, antivirus, malware
removal tools, and many others. In the current pandemic situation, all these investments
which were done for providing security to specific locations (office space) have proved
to be redundant. Majority of the workforce is working from home and hence a review of
these investments is being undertaken in preparation for the new normal. Discuss the
technologies and policies which would help organizations to meet the challenges of an
increasingly distributed work environment. Kindly remember to factor in budgetary
and other resource constraints which the MSME sector faces while making your
recommendations

Answer: The network structure can be either a centralised or a distributed type of network. In
a centralised network, all the users are connected to a central server, and the server performs
the activities required for communication. Then the user accounts and communication
information are stored in this server. Almost all the instant messaging platform and the social
networking sites use a centralised network, and this network is called the centralised server
architecture. The distributed network, on the other hand, does not perform the functionality of
a client-server architecture. In this type of network, all the facilities are spread over the
network to different clients, and a

3. Mrs. Sharma felt all was not well with her 79-year-old father who used to live alone in
his hometown. When they talked on the phone, he would tell her about a woman he met
online and occasionally sent money to via his mobile phone. Even though her father
never met the woman in person, she had gained her father’s confidence through instant
messaging and voice chats, she would ask him to send her money to feed her and her
daughter. Mrs. Sharma told her father that he was being conned, but he would not
listen and continued to send the woman money anyway. It was only after Mrs. Sharma
went to her hometown to check on her father due to ill health that she realized the
extent of the scam. She found numerous messages from the woman asking for money,
including receipts from wire transfers on her father’s phone. After doing a little
digging, Mrs. Sharma found that her father had sent the woman more than Rs. 9,00,000
over a course of two years; practically his life’s savings. Majority of these transaction
were done by gaining access to her father’s provident fund account. The attacker had
hacked the account using the private information gained through chat and voice
messages. Unfortunately, this is not uncommon. According to research by the Stanford
Center on Longevity and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s Investor
Education Foundation, those over the age of 65 are more likely to have lost money due
to a financial scam than someone in their 40s.
a. Why are elderly frequent targets of cyber fraud? What tactics the fraudsters use to
gain access to bank accounts of elderly?
b. What are the ways and measures to protect people especially seniors from such
attacks?

Answer: a) In the present era, it is tough to imagine anything that we do without involving
the use of the Internet. We use the Internet for information exchange, business transactions,
entertainment purposes, social networking, etc. However, the Internet is a double-edged
sword. Along with a variety of benefits, it also has certain security threats associated with it.

Why are the elderly frequent targets of cyber fraud?

Not tech savvy: Most of the elderly individuals are not tech savvy, because of the trend and
convenience, they perform some basic activities over the internet like funds transfer, bill
payment, other banking activities etc. They do not know much about suspicious transactions
or how hackers can steal the personal information with just one click. Due to lack of
knowledge, they often click or reply on suspicious message or email and later suffer
financially.
Emotional factors:

Managing BPO
Dec 2020

1. The success of Robotic Process Automation in a variety of sectors and industries,

businesses globally are rushing to embrace it. And one among these is the BPO
industry. "If a BPO provider is embracing benefits of RPA or any other transformative
technology, they will have plenty of business whereas those who do not innovate will lose
out and fall behind." Discuss the pros and cons of the contemporary technological
advancement's impact on BPO sector.

Answer: The level of outsourcing in organisations is constantly increasing. Outsourcing is

becoming crucial to an organisation’s global competitiveness. It is part of an organisation’s
overall business strategy. Hence, organisations need to consider outsourcing as another
management discipline. They need to make the necessary investment in training,
development and management tools required for outsourcing. Organisations that want to
achieve success in outsourcing are identifying the best practices in the industry and
benchmarking successful outsourcing initiatives. Organisations like Microsoft, General
Motors and American Its Half solved only
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2. A contract provides a framework for terms and conditions of the agreement, roles
and responsibilities of both the parties, risks associated, expectations of the client, etc.
To reach up to the common goal and mutual assent of the contract, the contract
negotiation process is carried out. What are the steps involved in contract negotiation
and the terms which are considered while monitoring the contract?

Answer: Negotiation
Negotiation is considered as the best methodology for constituting the best business deal. It
also helps in minimising risks that both parties may face in the outsourcing process. Pricing,
contracting and negotiating involves establishing a working framework for an efficient
business relation. Every company is different and every outsourcing deal in a company is
different. There are standards for defining outsourcing contract’s terms and pricing but they
vary from one company to another. There are no standards for defining the outsourcing
contract’s terms and pricing. However, there are some popular contract structures, certain
commercial terms always addressed in the contracts. Some consultants and lawyers also have
certain modular contract structures

3. XYZ Telecom wanted to structurally reduce the cost of its business operations while
retaining focus on those activities that are core to its brand and growth. as part of this
strategy, XYZ Telecom carried out an assessment of activities in its Finance directorate
with a view to partner with a service provider. the scope of the outsourcing initiative
included various processes within the Finance directorate such as accounts Payable,
accounts Receivable, Procurement, Reporting, Credit Referral, Fraud, Billing and
Commissions, data Management Office, Interconnect and Roaming settlement, Fixed
assets, and Revenue accounting. XYZ Telecom was keen that the relationship with the
chosen service provider should extend beyond mere cost arbitrage. With this view, three
key business objectives were outlined as part of the outsourcing strategy:
● to drive operational efficiency to gain competitive advantage;
● to improve quality of service by allowing greater focus on value-add processes;
● to take decisive action to deliver cost savings and quality within the first year of
partnership.
XYZ Telecom was clear that establishing a partnership relationship with the chosen
service provider was the key to achieve these objectives. Hence, they set in place a very
rigorous approach towards selecting the right partner which consisted of multiple
vendor site visits and stringent capability analysis of the potential outsourcing partners.
a. Why is it essential to build a strategic business partnership model for XYZ Telecom
in view of its outsourcing strategy?
b. What are the attributes which XYZ Telecom should prioritize while evaluating and
selecting the right strategic partner for their outsourcing objectives?

Answer: a) Outsourcing is a rapidly growing aspect of the world economy of today. It is

estimated that the global spending on outsourcing will cross trillions of dollars. Usually,
companies outsource for strategic, tactical and transformational reasons. Strategic reasons
include enhancing business activities, gaining access to world class technologies and sharing
risks. Managing operating cost is one of the tactical reasons for outsourcing. The main
reasons for outsourcing are to bring faster solutions to customers and to achieve greater
market share than the competitors. Outsourcing is not just about saving money. The aim
behind outsourcing
must be to create a competitive edge and build a long-term, strategic partnership with the
vendor.

Need of strategic business

Research methodology
Dec 2020

1. You have been asked to justify the use of mixed method in your upcoming research
project. How will you justify it? What would you specify as its downside?

Answer: Research
Research in ordinary man’s language refers to “search for knowledge”. It can also be defined
as an “art of scientific investigation”. It is also a systematic design, compilation analysis and
the reporting the findings and solutions for the marketing problems of a company. The
purpose of research is to find out the answers to questions through the application of systems
and scientific ways. Though there is a specific purpose behind each research study, the
purpose in general can be
a) Research remotes better decision making.
b) Research is the basis for innovation.
c) Research identifies the problem areas.
d) Research helps in forecasting, which is very important for managers.
e) Research helps in formulation of poli

2. What is meant by a dependent variable? Identify the one from the following
theoretical model. State any six hypotheses from this model. Identify any two mediating
variables.

Answer: Dependent variable: The most important variable to be studied and analysed in
research study is the effect-dependent variable (DV). The entire research process is involved
in either describing this variable or investigating the probable causes of the observed effect.
Thus, this in essence has to be a measurable variable. For example, in the organic food study,
the consumer’s purchase intentions as well as sales of organic food products in the domestic
market, could serve as the dependent variable.

In this model, all the

3. “I think we should conduct lab experiment instead of field experiment. We have got a
limited budget. With such budget, conducting field experiment is not possible. Let's not
even discuss about it." Pranav was quite frustrated with the recent cut in the budget of
their research project. "Relax Pravin!" Dr Santosh Mahajani tried to pacify Pravin.
"Don't compromise on the research methodology just because the budget has got
reduced. We will need to make a decision based on what we need to achieve instead of
what budget we have".
a. In what circumstances, Pranav should choose field experiment? What he should do to
accommodate the recent budget cut?
b. In what circumstances, Pranav should choose lab experiment? What he should do to
accommodate the recent budget cut?

Answer: a) Research methodology refers to the procedures used in making systematic

observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, or information as part of a research
project or study. It defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure
progress, and what constitutes success. Research helps in decision making, especially in
business. Effective decisions lead to managerial success, and this requires reducing the
element of risk and uncertainty.

When to use field experiment

There are two types of

Treasury Management in Banking

1. In today’s era, due to the uncertainties in the economic environment, most

Organizations have increased their cash holding. As a part of the treasury team in an
organization, highlight some of the best practices in treasury operation with respect to
cash holdings. (10 Marks)

Ans :

Introduction:

The Treasury role of non-profit hospitals and health systems is equivalent to the wheelhouse
of a ship for the company's credit and capital accumulation. It is the steward of critical
organizational resources, namely, credit access, liquidity, and assets invested. There are two
anchor targets for Treasury

2. Sneha had just completed her MBA and was placed in a bank. She was appointed to
manage the foreign exchange department. Her manager had asked to prepare a short
report on various exposures she would be facing while handling foreign exchange
transactions. Help her to prepare the report keeping in mind key exposures. (10 Marks)

Ans :

Foreign exchange transactions refer to foreign currency sales and acquisitions. Simply put, a
foreign exchange transaction is an arrangement to exchange currencies between one country
and another at an agreed rate of

3. In recent times bank is witnessing volatility in interest rates as well as foreign

exchange rates .Thus putting pressure on the banks for maintaining a good balance
among spreads, profitability and long-term sustainability.

a. As a risk mitigating manager write a short note on asset – Asset liability management
(ALM) and its importance (5 Marks)

Ans :

Asset and liability management (ALM) is a technique used to reduce financial risks from
financial institutions' asset and liability mismatches. ALM techniques use a mix of risk
management and

Total Quality Management

Dec 2020

Question 1
Answer:

Gokuul Industries is known for its innovative products. In recent times some of its products failed
to meet its customers’ expectations resulting in an increase in the new product development time.
Suggest a quality management technique that Gokuul Industries can use to understand its
customer’s needs, translate them into product features and quality plan for the products while
keeping the competitors’ performance in view.

Introduction

Gokuul industries are a global company and have their presence in most regions of the world. The
company is also known for its innovative and creative work in its products. Some of the central
values of the Its
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Question 2
You have joined Reddy Sons as VP operations. The organization has been confronting several
issues like rising in costs, a decline in sales volumes and customer dissatisfaction for the last two
years. Reddy Sons works in a conventional method and all performance measures are in
traditional financial terms only, like revenue increase, high profit or liquidation etc. You realize
that these conventional performance estimates do not help the organization in their quality
initiatives. How are you going to change the performance measurement system at Reddy Sons to
bring it in line with the TQM philosophy?

Answer:
Introduction

Reddy sons are a very reputed and old company and have a lot of reputation in the market for its
quality of products. As Reddy sons is an ancient company it belies in its cultures and its traditional
methods. The company follows a lot of customs and rituals and follows its traditions and cultures
very strictly. Recently
Question 3
Consistent product quality is the most proven predictor of any manufacturer’s success.
Competitors may imitate each other’s marketing, but superior quality stands alone as the truest
statement of company’s values. That is why forward-thinking manufacturers are making quality
cost management part of their DNA.

Engraining the fundamentals of quality cost management across every plant and production line
creates guardrails that keep quality improvement on track. Moreover, it leads to improved
product quality and increased yield rates, fostering customer goodwill. That is why manufacturers
who have embraced quality cost management are driving higher customer demand and loyalty—
and greater profits—than competitors spending millions of dollars to market mediocre quality
products.

Knowing the cost of quality (COQ) is essential to earning and keeping a reputation for excellence,
nurturing customer trust, and growing over time. Since it represents all the costs associated with
stabilizing and continually improving product quality, from suppliers to customers, COQ is the
single best metric for tracking how well manufacturing is delivering on the commitment to
exceptional quality. It’s common to

see cost of quality account for 15% to 20% of a manufacturer’s sales, and between four to six
times the size of net profits a given year.

Columbus, L. (2020, August 28). Getting Started With Quality Cost Management. Retrieved August
30, 2020, from https://www.qualitymag.com/articles/96194-getting-started-with-quality-cost-
management

a. Using an industry example, explain the steps to calculate and report cost of quality (COQ)?
Compare the calculated COQ with the COQs of some world class companies.

(5 Marks)

b. Explain how the company can reduce its COQ?

Answer:

Introduction
Cost Of Quality COQ is a great way to keep the company name up by maintaining the product quality
and always delivering a quality product to the customers. It satisfies the customers to make them
happy and loyal customers of the company.
Concept and

Insurance & Risk Management

1. Anil has recently started working with a renowned MNC after passing out of a
premier B-School. A senior colleague has suggested him to start investing early, if he
wants to build a large retirement corpus. He also suggested Anil to take adequate life
insurance cover. Anil is however, unable to properly understand the utility of a life
insurance cover. You are required to provide Anil with an understanding of the
importance of Life Insurance cover, and the various types of Life Insurance Products
that are available. (10 Marks)

SOLUTION:

Introduction:

Life insurance is a contract between an individual and an insurance company. Under this
contract, the insurance company agrees to pay the beneficiaries a lumpsum amount known as
the sum insured on the insured's death. This amount is paid in exchange for the premium
amounts paid by the insurer.

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per his requirements.
2. The global market for private health insurance is being disrupted at the same time
growing rapidly. Keeping in view with the current scenario of health insurance in India.
Discuss the future aspects of Health Insurance market in India. (10 Marks)

SOLUTION:

Introduction:
Health insurance is insurance for the health of the person. It typically covers the medical,
surgical, and prescriptive drug expenses incurred by the individual. Health insurance is a
benefit that needs to be availed of by all individuals. It is because the costs incurred can be
reimbursed by the health insurance company. Most of the organizations have health insurance
for their employees and the families of employees.
In India, the amount paid as

3.a. John is forty years old, and works in the Private Sector. He feels it is still too early
to worry about old age, and does not have a systematic investment plan. His focus is
very much on the quality of life at present. As his financial planner, discuss the types of
risks he is likely to face post retirement. (5 Marks)

Introduction:
Retirement planning or saving or investing for retirement is still not adapted by many people.
They keep saying that it is along the way to go for their retirement and delay the decision.
Having a retirement plan or fund should get started at the early stage of work life. The earlier
it gets started, the less is the burden of the investment amount. By starting early, you can also
retire early.

Concept:
Types of risk faced post-retirement if money is saved at early working age:
1. Loss of choice or options
If you don't plan your retirement early, then you won't be able to choose the way you want to
live your life post-retirement. As your age, your demands increase, but you may not have
many options to meet the needs as you