Hello!

I am JERICK P. PECASO, SE, EnP, RMP

You can reach me at @ 0998 – 543 5466
pecasojerick1983@gmail.com

1
 Registration:
BIR – 1RC0001272779; DTI – 1127925;
CNC-OL-R4A-2019-11-03856
JP Environment Consultancy Services
Services:
DENR Environmental Compliance Certificate /
Certificate of Non-Coverage
LLDA Discharge Permit and Clearance

Design of Plumbing / Drainage System

Design of Sewage Treatment Plant, build thru

competent partners.
Design of Plumbing and Drainage System

DENR/LLDA/NWRB Reports
Advocacy:

“Pollution Control
NOT Penalty Control.”
- Jerick P. Pecaso
The PCO Going Beyond Limits
 ASTEWATER TREATMENT &
TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
 1 2 3
Discuss Discuss Determine
Learning Introduction Wastewater
Treatment&
sample
plan/layout of
to
Objectives Wastewater Control Treatment
Treatment System System
Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, UAE
 Infrastructures:
Hotels, apartment towers,
upmarket global restaurants
Membrane Bio-
reactor Process
Technology
Incoming
Waste

Treated
water
BOD <2 mg/L
Responses of Business to Pollution
Goals
Goal 1
Produce good quality of effluent quality

Goal 2
Protect the environment and public health

Goal 3
Contribute to sustainable development
Strategic Options

WATER CONSERVATION
Less wastewater
generation

INNOVATIVE TECHONOLOGY
WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION Use of contemporary system to
Evaluate characteristic of wastewater management wastewater
Dirty Clothes
The WASTEWATER: Our Responsibility Inside

DESCRIPTION

Water, after being used,

undergoes new
transformation in its
quality and becomes a
liquid wastes

COMPOSITION TYPES OF
99.99% Water WASTEWATER

0.01% Solid (Suspended & Domestic

Dissolved) Industrial
Storm water
 Physical Characteristics of Wastewater Qasim, 1985

Slightly higher than

Fresh: Unpleasant Fresh: Slight grey
in drinking water.
smell Septic: dark grey or
Influence microbial
Septic: Foul black
activity

Temperature Odor Color

 Chemical Characteristics due to chemical Impurities Metcalf & Eddy, 2003

Essential nutrient
Indicator of acidic Toxic to human.
(1) Suspended, (2) for microorganism’s
or alkaline (1) Lead (2) Arsenic (3)
dissolved, (3) growth Cadmium (4) Mercury
condition of
settleable solids Org. N, Ammonia, (5) chromium (6) Copper
wastewater.
Nitrite, Nitrate

Total Nitrogen /
pH Total Solids Heavy Metals
Phosphorus
Heavy Metals
 Biological Characteristics due to Contaminants
Bugs
Amount of oxygen
Amount of oxygen Disease: Bacteria &
needed to convert
needed to stabilize viruses
organic and ammonia
organic matter using
nitrogen into nitrates by
microorganism Nuisance: algae, fungi,
nitrifying bacteria
helminths, protozoans

Biochemical Nitrogenous Oxygen

Oxygen Demand Microorganisms
Demand
 EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES

UALITY PARAMETERS NVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

BOD5
Higher BOD Decrease in Dissolved Fish kill due to
value in RBW Oxygen in water oxygen depletion
Above 50 mg/L Less than 2 mg/L to 0
mg/L
Fish Kill
October 10, 2019

Coastal Vicinity of Las

Pinas, Paranaque
Specifically:
ecotourism area of Las
Piñas-Parañaque Critical
Habitat Ecotourism Area

Source: UN TV news
 EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES

UALITY PARAMETER NVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

TC/FC
Contamination of water
unfit for Presence of Coliform Water borne diseases
drinking/cooking or skin bacteria in drinking -Cholera
contact water/body of water.
 EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES

UALITY PARAMETER NVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

O/G
Raw materials used in process and lubricant Decrease dissolved
applied in machineries oxygen in water
bodies.
Cause foul odor in
tanks
 EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES

UALITY PARAMETER NVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

Discharge of
Nutrients
Absorption of Nutrients by Excess growth of algae in
(More from Urea
aquatic plants and algae surface water
or process)
 Water hyacinth floating wetland

Nitrates and
Phosphates from Urine
Growing water spinach in eco-pond

Decreasing T-N

Monitored T-N
Bio-Remediation
• Phytoremediation technology by Aquatic Plants
The plants with strong absorption
for pollutants and good tolerance
could be planted in the polluted
water:
Plants like:
1. Reed
2. Vetiver grass
3. Water hyacinth
4. Cattail
5. A. Pheloxiroides
Reed bed System (Phragmites australis)
Vetiver Grass Treatment

Effective for enclosed bodies of water like estero, ponds and lakes.
Bio-Remediation
• Remediation using Aquatic Animals

Silver carp, common carp could control the eutrophication caused

by algae effectively

Silver carp Bamboo shrimp

The Tilapia Niloticus
Heavy metals found in the muscle
and gills of Tilapia are the ff:

1. Lead (Pb)
2. Iron (Fe)
3. Zinc (Zn)
4. Copper (Cu)
5. Cadmium (Cd)

where Pb and Fe recorded higher

concentrations in the muscles
compared to the gills of fish
samples. (Shafei,2015)
Wastewater Treatment
HANDLING OF WASTEWATER
Simplified Principle of Wastewater Treatment

Raw WW PE: 90% Effluent

Assimilative
Capacity
- Natural self
purification

-Energy , Fertilizer
Table 7: DENR AO 2016-08 Monitoring Parameters
BOD, Ammonia, Nitrate,
Phosphate, Oil and Grease,
Fecal Coliform, Total
Coliform, Surfactants
Water Pollution Control System
Septic System
Conventional Activated
Sludge
Lorem ipsum
Effluent passing DENR
standard (DAO 2016 – 08)
The levels of treatment are easy

Preliminary Primary Secondary Post/Tertiary

Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment

Protect Hold Bacteria Cleaning

 Typical Treatment Process Flow Diagram
Sulfuric Acid
Activated Carbon
Oil-water Chlorine
separator Tank
P
N
Air

Effluent
Flow Meter

Influent Chlorine Contact

Tank
Equalization TankNeutralization Settling Clear Water Tank
Bar Screen Aeration
Chamber Tank Tank
Return Activated Sludge Waste
(RAS) Activated
Sludge
Lifting
Station

Aerobic Sludge Digester

Dried Sludge to be
used as Soil
Conditioner
Sludge Drying Bed
Filtrate

Filtration Tank
Flowsheet

REMEMBER: P,H,B,C
LEVELS

Preliminary

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary / Post treatment

 AMMONIA &
Tertiary Treatment PHOSPHATE STRIPPER

90% efficiency removal

REVERSE OSMOSIS
For Industrial wastewater.
Need high pH with
Pre treatment for
Addition of lime
membranes
Removal of minerals
(Ca,Mg, Na, So4) ADVANCE OXIDATION
Enable water recycling PROCESS

Utilizing ozone
ION EXCHANGE (oxidizing agent)
Destroy organic and
Demineralization and inorganic
purification.
Less space, no sludge
disposal,, low operational
cost
Nutrient Removal in Wastewater
• Major Nutrients: Nitrogen & Phosphorus

• Chemical Methods: Enhanced Biological

- Air Stripping Phosphorus Removal
- Chlorination - Phosphorus
• Biological Methods: Accumulating organism
- BOD removal converts organic N to NH4
(PAOs)
- Nitrification: converts NH4 to NO3
- Denitrification: converts NO3 to Nitrogen Gas (N2)
 Nitrification Designs

aerobic

BOD and Ammonia is removed in aeration tank

Dissolved Oxygen is consumed by bacteria to
breakdown BOD and Ammonia
 Denitrification Design

Ammonia is converted into Nitrate

Nitrate (NO3) is removed in Anoxic tank
Bacteria needs organic (BOD) to remove Nitrate
 Recycled Water

Removes
BOD and
Ammonia

Removes
NO3
TROUBLESHOOTING

P R S
Problem Reason Solution

• Ammonia in • Aeration is • Increase

the effluent insufficient Aeration
is increasing
above 1-2
mg/L
TROUBLESHOOTING

P R S
Problem Reason Solution

Nitrate in the • Anoxic zone • Decrease

effluent is is not Aeration
increasing developing in the
tank
TROUBLESHOOTING

P R S
Problem Reason Solution

Bits of sludge Clarifier Reduce

are observed blanket sludge sludge
in the water is going anoxic inventory,
surface and increase
threatening denitrifying recycle rate
TSS violation
Biological Phosphorus Removal

No Air just mixing BOD and NO3 Phosphorus removal

Bacteria storing energy removal using PAOs
ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL (EBPR)
effluent
EBPR Polishing

Screening
Primary Secondary Tertiary
(Physical (Removal of treatment
removal) biomass)

Process:
Anaerobic Aerobic
Influent Tank Effluent
tank Clarifier
PAOs

Sludge= energy, fertilizer

Pollution Control System Options
 TECHNOLOGY/SYSTEM OPTIONS
1. Septic System
2. Johkasou System
3. Conventional Activated Sludge Process
4. Sequencing Batch Reactor
5. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
6. Membrane Bioreactor (MBr)
7. Advance Oxidation Process (AOP)
8. Electrocoagulation Process (EC)
 Septic System
A system comprising sanitary pipes, septic tank and a drain field.

Source: rcac.org
 Effective Micro-ogranism

Degrade Fats, Oils and Grease in wastewater

systems.
Highly active microbial-based formulation that
contains proprietary cultures that are extremely
Trap oil and grease effective in dealing with overloaded FOG systems.

Photo credit to owner

Food
grinders

GREASE TRAP BEFORE ENTRY SEPTIC TANK

 Effective Micro-ogranism

Degrade Fats, Oils and Grease in wastewater

systems.
Highly active microbial-based formulation that
contains proprietary cultures that are extremely
Trap oil and grease effective in dealing with overloaded FOG systems.

Photo credit to owner

Non-flowing
Causing
blockage

Flowing and
draining.
Grease Trap Treatment Block
Evaluation and testing
1. By the regulatory
BOD (influent) = 414 mg/L
BOD (effluent)=80 mg/L
Efficiency = 19.32% say 20%

2. By Accredited Laboratory
BOD (influent) = 286 mg/L
BOD (effluent)=78 mg/L
Efficiency = 27.27% say 28%

The more septic tank, in series, the

higher the performance efficiency.

Consider capital and maintenance

and operating expenses.
HDPE Tank

 Effective for Domestic Sewage treatment

 Uplow filter chamber
 Contain Polyethylene Filter media inside
 Lightweight and durable
Installation:
Two End-Products of the Treatment Process

Filtrate to
treated effluent

Septage Treatment

Sludge to
biosolids
Vacuum Trucks
Septage Treatment Plant
Direct treatment of septage via ponds
 Lagoons or Ponds
 Typically 2 to 5 meters in depth,
equipped with mechanical aerators or
paddle-mixers to provide air/oxygen for
aerobic treatment
 Requires bigger land areas to handle the
volume of filtrate, and allows sufficient
detention times to effectively remove
solids and BOD
 Dagat-
Lagoon or Pond

•System operated 24/7

•Treatment Process :
Stabilization Ponds

Planning & Technical Support Services

Johkasou System

Capacity: 1 – 1,000 m3/d

CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
• Components: Aeration tank, clarifier, Disinfection tank; 24 hrs
operation of blower; Bacteria be kept alive
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM

• Treat Wastewater in
Batch Mode.
• Components:
Equalization tank,
Aeration tank,
Disinfection tank,
Digester
• BOD5 = 3mg/L
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a fill-and-draw
activated system
SBR Process Flow

Fill React Settle Decant Idle

10-30 30 - 60 1 hour 10-30

mins. mins. settling mins.
mixing
2 hours
aeration
TOTAL TREATMENT HOURS: 4.8 HOURS
TOTAL NO. OF BATCH PER DAY: 5 BATCHES
Walkthrough of Sewage Treatment Plant (SBR)

Powerhouse Access to the Treatment

Elevated Tank of STP
tanks
Sequencing Batch Reactor
MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)
• Use special plastic HDPE
carrier mixed in aeration
tank
• Bacteria grow in internal
surface of the carrier.
• Consist on one stage or
more stage.
Benefits:
• BOD and Nitrogen removal
• Compact (save space)
• Financial savings on
discharge cost
• http://vertigrow.filipinasplastic.com/product_stp.php
 MEMBRANE BIO-REACTOR (MBR)
• MBR is an improvement
of Conventional
Activated Sludge
Process
• Secondary clarifier is
replaced with
membrane unit
Process Flow Diagram

• A combination of biological treatment and effective physical

separation.
• Secondary clarifier is replaced with membrane unit.
• Effluent quality: Ammonia <1 mg/L; BOD <2mg/L; FC <1
MPN/100mL
 ADVANCE OXIDATION PROCESS (AOP)
• Chemical treatment procedures
designed to remove organic and
inorganic materials in water and
wastewater by oxidation.
• O3/H2O2, UV/O3, UV/H2O2
• Remove contaminants VOCs, PAHs,
PCBs, TOC & COD, Glycols, EDCs
(Endocrine disrupting compounds),
PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals & Personal
Care Products), API (Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients),
Alcohols, Ethers Urea, and many
other refractory organic
contaminants
Demonstration
INTEGRATED ELECTRO-COAGULATION WITH AOP
• Applicable to
industrial process
water
• Remove oil,
chemicals, heavy
metals, petroleum in
WW without using
chemicals.

Photo credit to the owner

Criteria

Appropriateness to wastewater characteristics

Simplicity and low operational cost
No or less dependence of chemicals
Adaptability to various site and conditions
Reduce manpower intervention during
operation
Guiding questions:
1. What Technology available that can be adopted that can minimize the use of
chemicals?
2. What Technology can be used which can increase its performance with
minimum energy requirements?
3. What Technology can be utilized that can minimized toxic by-products and
generate small volume of sludge?
SAMPLE TREATMENT SYSTEM
Sources of Water Supply & Wastewater Generation

Sources of Daily Generating Daily Vol. (m3)

Water Supply Vol. Process
(m3)
Local Water 100.00 Domestic 80.00
District flushing
Deep Well 0.00 Process 8.00
Wastewater
Washing/Cleanin 11.80
g
Others: leaks, 0.20
watering
Total *100.00 100.00
Location of Sewage Treatment Plant
GPS: 13.754250N, 121.053986E
Capacity & Space requirement of Sewage Treatment Plant
A. Capacity of STP

Total Water Demand = Daily water consumption

= 100 cu.m.
Total Sewage Volume = TWD x Safety Factor (say 3.0)
= 100 x 3.0 = 300 cu.m
Plant Capacity = 300 cubic meter per day

B. Space Requirement for 300 CMD STP

Consider Total Depth 3.30 m included free board 300mm

Area= Volume/depth = 300 m3/3m = 100 m2

Area = L x W ; Assume L=2W
= 2W x W Type of wastewater:
100 = 2W2; W2=50; W = 7.07 say 7.5m Domestic
W = 7.5 m
If L =2W = 2 x 7.5 = 15m Monitoring Parameters (DAO 2016-08 – PSIC
Space Dimension LWD = 7.5 x 15x3 = 337.5 cu.m > 300 cu.m ok 3700) BOD, TSS, pH, TC, O/G, NH3, NO3, PO4
 Components of Sewage Treatment Plant

Blower (2D, 1S)

Septic tank

Lifting station

SBR (aeration)
Flow measuring Device
ultrasonic

Equalization Tank
Chlorine contact tank

Chlorine injector
Odor absorbing plants
Placement of bacterial
bloc at equalization tank.
Degrade and remove
odor, digest oil and
grease.

Odor absorbing plants

SUCCESS
STORY
Recycled/Reuse for Secondary purposes
Sample Plan/Layout/System
 LLDA Discharge Permit Application
• Requirements:
1. Water bills or water permit
2. ECC / CNC
3. Treatment Facility Layout with complete specifications signed
and sealed by licensed structural/civil/sanitary engineer.
4. Engineers Report
5. Wastewater Treatment System Information
6. Flow meter information
7. Sludge Management
 2-chamber, Closed Bottom

Blueprint 20x30 inches; Signed and sealed by Sanitary Engineer

3 chamber SEPTIC TANK
SEPTIC TANK, 50 CMD
GREASE TRAP 4 GPM
DRAINAGE LAYOUT
MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR PLAN
ELECTRO-COAGULATION PLAN
SBR PLAN
SBR ELEVATION PLAN
2 Blowers for SBR; 2 Blowers for Digester; 1D,1S
65 pcs Fine bubble Diffuser for SBR ; 15 pcs Coarse Bubble Diffusers for ET;
5 pcs Coarse bubble Diffusers for Digester
MATERIAL BALANCE
ENGINEERS REPORT
UMMARY
That is WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
Enlightened about (1) Wastewater Treatment; (2) Technology
Options such as ST, SBR, MBBR, MBR, AOP, and EC
including selection criteria of technology and provision of
hauling and enzymes to the system; (3) Sample plans/layouts

Last key to do is to invest on treatment technology to

(1) protect environment and public health
(2) comply with RA 9275 and DENR AO 2016-08 standards.
Source: Laguna De Bay 2013 Ecosystem Health Report Card
 We served owners/companies in securing environmental certificates and
permits even if they have limited budgetary resources.

JP Environment Consultancy Services

Batangas City, Batangas

“Pollution Control
NOT Penalty Control.”