Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 

Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
Individual Assignment

Part 1: Introduction
1. Who are the stakeholders relevant to your tourism risk management process-individual,
groups, private agencies and organizations, and Government agencies?
→ All stakeholders are equally relevant to the tourism sector except from their roles are vary
from one another. Individual is likely to hold less besides controlling particular area and
their own business, what they can do is to request the help from others such as mayor or
local government to assist them. Whereas group, which contain many people involving in
one business, they share the burden and find a better way to solve the crisis faster than
individual. Private agencies are seemingly the ones who will be strongly affected the before
others and the involvement of them is the best way to solve the crisis in an effective way.
Organization plays as a vital role since they can contribute much to what tourism sector
suffer in term of food, temporary house, medical stuffs, and so on. Government also count
as the main role since it has strong power to order and gather all the stakeholders in the
country when it comes to crisis over one sector, the involvement from them is priceless
since they can pave the way and shed the light to all the stakeholders and can decide what
to and not to do within the case of disaster or whatsoever.
2. Identify and explain any legislation, policies, plan or management arrangement which are
relevant to tourism and your tourism risk management process.
→ Legislation, policy, plan, and response to crisis are differ from country to country.
However, almost every policy tend to adopt the crisis management that consist of 4 phases
such as prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Each phase contains individual
function. Prevention phase occurs when crisis has happened and the stakeholders are
already figured out how to cease them from happen again in the future. Preparedness is the
readiness and well-prepared during the crisis. Response is reaction of how they defeat the
crisis regarding the method they are holding. Recovery is the restoration level after
everything that have happened during the crisis over. Meanwhile, my own tourism risk
management process is not apart from what I have mentioned above due it is the effective
process that every country adopt and practice.
3. Identify the source of risk (hazard) which might cause a disaster for your destination.
→ Hazard refers to whatsoever that causes harm to people and destinations. Both human
activities and the natural itself can be the cause, over development such as greater building,
deforestation pollution and so on causing the balance of land on that are that lead to the
landslide, and natural disasters like storm, flood, drought and all are also the source of
hazard which kill many people and affect many destination that are hard to restore.
4. How can you promote understanding of and commitment to the tourism risk management
process at government and community level?
→ By raising awareness in each case of the disaster that are familiar to each area in country.
As the geography in the whole country are different, some are vulnerably to drought, so
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
we need to take this chance and make the project of raising awareness about drought to the
public by explaining them step by step about the process and advise them to be well-
prepared how should they deal with the situation when it actually happens. Notify them
about the consequences they will be facing but have no idea how to prevent, prepare, and
response to it. Local government needs to work things seriously over their area and let
residents know the benefit of one destination and how they can restore it when the disaster
goes away.

Part 2: Prevention/Mitigation
1. Identify the strengths, including the resources and support available within your destination
to deal with crisis.
→ Strength in SWOT refers the useful existing resources and support in a particular area or
destination in order to deal with the crisis. In Cambodia, crisis in term of natural disaster
doesn’t seem to occur much as the country benefits from having great geography which is
located in a great spot that doesn’t get affected much from natural disasters. However, a
case in Sihanouk Ville, as the province consider as a store of natural resources and one of
the best destination in Cambodia, it tend to attract nonstop investment from foreign
countries especially China. Over these years, the province has improved rapidly and
remarkably in term of infrastructure and business development.
2. Identify your destination’s weakness, the factors which will affect its ability to cope with
a crisis and its aftermath.
→ Weakness refers to the factors that will affect the ability of each to cope with a crisis and
its aftermath. The weakness is different from one destination to the other one. Same goes
to Sihanouk Ville, due the over flow of foreigners (Chinese) the province has become
unsafe for tourists and the local tuning its reputation upside down in term of tourist
destination; local residents as well keep losing their businesses causing the increase of
unemployment rate.
3. Identify your opportunities to enlist industry, government and community involvement and
support for tourism.
→ It’s unlikely to earn opportunity after crisis, but, somehow, in the case that just happened
recently during the early outbreak of COVID-19, we can see that Cambodia gain too much
attention from international tourist and they view Cambodia as the friendliest country that
help others when no one does not care. By this Cambodia as a small country can gain
benefits from the crisis in both income and prestige.
4. Identify your destination’s threat, including the sources of risk to tourism.
→ There are many types of threat such as threat in term of environment, health, economy, and
so on. In Cambodia, destinations are often threaten by all kinds of pollution, such as from
some industrial that release the chemical smoke like CO2 to the environment, trash …etc.
The level of education of tourists threatens local people, in the case of COVID-19 some
tourists tried to escape from the hospital which can spread the virus to people out there.
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
5. Outline the Occupational Health and Safety laws relevant to your destination. Are they
adequate to ensure the safety of visitors? If not, what measures can the destination
undertake to improve the safety of visitors?
→ Most of occupational health and safety laws that relevant to destination are fairly similar
from country to country. Those contain liability, duty of both employer and employee and
penalty for those non-compliance, the provision of a work environment that is safe, the
provision of adequate facilities, maintenance of a safe means of access and egress, ensuring
the absence of risks in connection with handling of plant and substances, development of
procedures for emergencies within the facility or workplace, adequate training of staff and
testing of plans and procedures, and the provision of information in appropriate languages.
In Cambodia is no different from that; it contains all of those laws and added a few which
are: Inform employees and employers of the availability of specific travel health
information including preventive measures and immunizations for employees whose work
requires international travel, Provide informational resources about travel health with the
goal of protecting the health of workers who travel internationally and inform employees
and employers of the availability of country-specific safety and health information. With
all of these, I think it’s already good enough to implement and it will work effectively to
tourist for their safety.
6. What standard Operating Procedures or emergency plans exist in your destination to
protect visitors? Are these adequate? How can you influence operators to develop best
practice emergency procedures?
→ The standard of Operating procedures or emergency plans is eventually available in our
destination. We have conducted the accountability and transparency to inform to all the
visitors in one particular destination about the news of our area or destination just in case
something might happen, the visitors can be well-prepared. Then we provide them with
informational resources to ensure their safety whenever they feel unsafe they can contact
us, the local government immediately. Finally, check every visitor’s health before
approving them to stay in our country. By this procedure, local people can feel safe and
secure as they no need to fear the sickness and this is good for both local people and
visitors. These plans are sufficient and adequate for me. And to influence operators to
develop best practice emergency procedures by raising awareness of all the consequences
in each crisis or natural disaster to the operators and convince them to adopt these plans in
an effective way to guarantee the safety of visitors and local people.
Part3: Preparedness
1. Which organization/agencies should be represented on your destination’s tourism crisis
planning committee? What can each contribute to the planning process?
→ Local tourism organizations and operators and relevant government departments and
community agencies are necessarily to be represented on destination’s tourism crisis
planning committee. Every one of them has a different role and power to contribute to the
crisis and risk management plan. Local tourism organization is the first essential role as
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
they are strongly related to tourism development and when there is an issue they need to
take the lead and offer the plan to others to follow and they have full authority to set up the
plan to solve the problem. Tour operator somehow can be a small role to contribute to the
plan since they are just workers in travel agencies. The government department’s role is
big and powerful but still, they follow the plan drafted by the local tourism organization
since they have no idea what to do with the plan or they can be a judge who reviews the
draft plan and decide to implement or not. Same goes to community agencies that involve
many stakeholders also share the burden of the disaster crisis since they are strongly
affected by it, they can have a good plan to share with the local tourism organization and
they can contribute a lot in term of financial.
2. What will be the staff training needs within your destination? Where is this training
available? How often should training take place?
→ Staff training are required to learn a lot of skills, such as the skill of leadership and
management in term of practical management operations, financial skill, bilingual or more
than two languages for communicating that contain understanding the culture of other
countries, soft skill and social skill, and good at ICT (information technology and
communication) especially numeracy skill.
3. Which agencies routinely conduct crisis and disaster exercise in your destinations? How
can you or your organization arrange to participate (as observers or participants) in these
exercise? Who can advise you on the development and conduct of appropriate crisis
exercise for your destination? Which agencies and organizations should you invite to
participate in your exercises?
→ National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) aims to establish to be coping with
the disaster crisis happen inside Cambodia. And to participate in those crisis management
plans, we are allowed from the government. To develop and conduct of appropriate crisis
exercise for the destination, the one who can advise this is the headman in NCDM tend to
handle a full authority to adopt and to implement, to develop and to strengthen the plan to
cope with the crisis. Local tourism organizations and government departments that relevant
to tourism, community agency, and big corporation of tourism should be participated as
they have a strong background in this sector and experienced it more than the others.

Part4 – Response
1. Who are the key government, industry and community leaders relevant to your
destination?
→ All of them have their own roles to provide effective response to overcome the crisis.
Government can be local, national and international. It depends on how serious the
situation is as well. For instance, if the crisis affects globally like COVID-19 pandemic, it
requires international rescue to conquer the issues. Key industry refers to those whose
businesses related in tourism like tourism agencies, hotels, restaurants and so on. These
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
owners pay full attention to the reaction of tourists since their businesses are depended on
that. Based on a source of I have studied, Thailand somehow succeed in motivating their
people to travel during economic crisis in 2008 by the cooperation between government
and business owners as they offered a remarkable discount on everything related to
tourists’ travel journey like airfare cost, accommodation, transportation and all. And
lastly, community leaders are the essential party in this matter due they are the first to
realize the circumstances in that specific destination they are in charge of.
2. What room or facility can you use as a tourism crisis management center? What
resources does it have available and what will you need to access?
→ I think we can use tourism central department as a tourism crisis management center or
we can as well construct a small organization separately for them. The available
resources involved for sorting out have such as data & information, strategies and human
resource (experts who are skillful related to this matter). And what we will need to access
are: collect and record, collate, evaluate, decide upon, disseminate and monitor.
3. What do believe will be the key business continuity issues for your destination following
a crisis, and which organizations and agencies will be able to assist you?
→ Key business will be different following a crisis. Crisis sometimes could be predicted but
not all the times. Thus, we need to always set advanced plans before the problem occurs,
be flexible accordingly to the condition of the crisis and lastly business owners need to
come up with immediate response in order to prevent risks to their well-being. Here’s
what key business issues may include: identification of visitors’ needs, priorities for
restoration, resources and budgets, media management, business issues, PR issues,
consultation with government and community and alternate sites of operation. Strong and
old hand business partners will be able to assist and guide you to control and beat the
crisis better as they have experienced for a long time.
Part5- Recovery
1. What is the existing level of support from community and government leaders for
tourism at your destination? What measures can you undertake to enhance their
awareness of the critical continuation of tourism to the economic viability of the
community? Which community and government leaders do you believe will be most
useful in your destinations’ crisis recovery processes?
→ I am not quite aware of a certain level of support from community and government for
tourism, but, however, I can say we are in a lower or medium level as I have seen and
observed ever since. In my perspective both community and government leaders are both
equally useful to recovery the destination since community leaders are the expert in their
region and government are the ones who can provide big support and strategies to operate
in the destination.
2. How will you and your tourism recovery committee best be able to monitor community
perceptions of your crisis?
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
→ It should be noticed that unlike entrepreneurs or big business owners, people in
community are mostly low educated; which means they’re fragile and sensitive when it
comes to facing risk like this. Meanwhile, instead of trying to solve the problems they
tend to find another way to make a living like seeking for a new job or moving out as
such. Therefore, it is important that we should encourage not to give up, bring them hope
and be their guidance to assist them to sort things out.
3. What measures can you undertake to restore the confidence of visitors in your
destination? What support will you need from within the tourism industry nationally and
internationally to achieve this?
→ When tourists experience bad memories during their traveling, they are likely to feel
insecure and lose faith for the next journey. That is why, we need to earn back their trust
and confidence to travel again. We will start by providing standard operating procedure
and safeguard internally and externally to guests. For example, during Covid-19
pandemic tourists’ health has become the first priority in order to secure and control the
spread. And in order to achieve this we need support from both national and international
tourism industry. Both crews should recommend reasonable strategies for the destination
to deal with the condition occurring like to recreate, renovate, reinvent and so on. But,
however, with such a crisis the destination cannot afford to do that all alone, hence, they
need to offer financial provision directly (give money) and indirectly (lower taxes, low
interest loan…). Eventually, they need be a part in promoting and advertising the
destination to the public.
Syndicate Discussion Exercise
1. Using the cisis management checklists as a guide, identify the highest priority tasks you
need to undertake to be able to establish and implement a risk management strategy.
→ There are 4 priority tasks that we need to undertake to be able to establish and implement
the risk management strategy. First, we need prevention, and to do so we must carry out
the info and data needed to answer the whole process, then, conduct a recent sword
analysis and work out the relationship with major partners who are capable to help us out
during crisis. Second, we need to have good preparedness by planning the expected and
unexpected situation beforehand in any case at some point. Third, response to the
outcome of crisis by activate the operation center of management team to give immediate
reaction and response to cease to issues. And lastly, recovery is the final round the restore
back after everything is over. Destination is in danger so is the community; visitors are
shocked, frighten and lose the confidence all a sudden. Therefore, we need to seek for
help from other parties involved like the government for instance.
2. Identify the means by which you can share knowledge and lessons with other tourism
destinations.
→ According to the study provided, in an attempt to deal with the crisis all the involved
parties are required to follow the instruction suggested step by step respectively. They
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
should use the risk management process to identify, analyze, evaluate, treat, monitor and
review risks to tourism operations. By all means, they need to know the potential risk
management strategies: prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.

Checklist for Prevention

1) Yes
2) No
3) No
4) Yes
5) No
6) Yes
7) Yes
8) Yes
Checklist for Preparedness
1) No
2)
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
3) Yes
4) No
5) No
6) Yes
Checklist for Response
1) No
2) Yes
3)
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
4) Yes
5) Yes
6) No
7) Yes
8) Yes
9) No
Royal University of Phnom Penh    Subject: Risk and Crisis management of Toursim 
Department of Tourism    Lecturer: Nhem Sochea 
    Name: Ly MouyLeang (9) 
Checklist for Recovery
1) Yes
2) Yes
3)
 Yes
 No
 Yes
 Yes
 No
4)
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
5) No
6) Yes
7) No
8) No