VISUAL ELEMENTS IN ART
Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three
LINE: Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape
or outline. It can create texture and can be thick and
thin.  Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and contour line.
Vertical:
- Vertical lines are poised for action. They are poised,
balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They express an
impression of dignity
- Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly
feeling
Horizontal Lines:
-Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity. They
express ideas of calmness and quiescence
-Only horizontal linescan give a feeling of peacefulness
and stillness
Diagonal Lines:
-Diagonal lines are used to create feelings of movement
or action
-Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, suggest
gracefulness or sexiness
Three Main Types of Lines
Repetition occurs when two or more lines are drawn
within a corner following the lines of the corner
Lines that are in opposition to each other form a
contrast.
A transition line is a line that connects two workflow
elements. Transition lines allow you to define what the
next step in a workflow will be.
The Art Element of Color
Color refers to the visual perception of light being
reflected from a surface of an artwork
In the most basic classification, colors can be divided
into three groups: primary, secondary and tertiary.
Attributes of Color
Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly
referred to by the "color names" - red, orange, yellow,
blue, green violet - which appear in the hue circle or
rainbow.
basic hues, known as primaries
A color wheel  is an abstract illustrative organization
of color hues around a circle, that shows relationships
between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is
the quality which depends on the amount of light and
dark in color
Tints are values above the normal
Shades are values below the normal
Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It
gives color strength. When a hue is vivid form, it is said
to be in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be
partly neutralized
Texture is the element that deals more directly with the
sense of touch.
It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which
can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull,
plain or irregular.
• Implied texture expresses the idea of how a
surface might feel. For example, a painting of a
blanket might convey the idea that the blanket
is soft.
• Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture
that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic
bowl might feature a carved texture that could
be felt when holding that bowl.
Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by means of which the eye
judges spatial relationships
Linear perspective is the representation of an
appearance of distance by means of converging lines. It
has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of
objects
Aerial perspective is the representation of
relative distances of objects by gradations of
tone or color. Objects become fainter in the
distance due to the effect of the atmosphere.
Objects appear to be lighter in color as they
recede into the distance or atmosphere
Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas
around, between or within components of a piece. 
Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black
or dark),open or closed, shallow or deep and two-
dimensional or three-dimensional.
 Positive space - the areas in a work of art that
are the subjects, or areas of interest.
Negative space – areas around the subjects, or
areas of interest.
Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art. It
describes the structure or shape of an object.
Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As
such, form is an art term that is only applied to
those artworks that are three-dimensional, such
as sculpture and pottery.
Form and shape can also be described as
either organic or geometric.  The purpose of this fascinating edifice remains a
Organic forms such as these snow-covered
boulders typically are irregular in outline, and
often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most
often thought of as naturally occurring.
Geometric forms are those which correspond to
named regular shapes, such as squares,
rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and
other regular forms.  The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three
Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three
dimensions. It refers to solidity or thickness
ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION
STONE AGE – Is a term used to describe a period of
history when stones were used to make tools for
survival.
•The term conjures an image of men and women
dressed in skin, huddling before a fire in a cave.
•Stone Age roughly span the 14,000-2,000 BCE.
THREE PERIODS OF STONE AGE
°PALEOLITHIC – the late years of the old Stone Age.
°MESOLITHIC – Middle Stone Age.
°NEOLITHIC - New Stone Age.
Paleolithic Art is a product of climate change. As the
climate got colder, part of the early humans’ instinct is
to look for shelters that would provide them will
warmth. Caves became protective havens for the early
humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of
their first attempt to create art.
Halls Of Bulls: Found in the cave in Lascauz, France
Mesolithic Art
The “Venus of Willendorf.”
This figure is a highly abstracted woman From
highlighted body parts associated with fertility.
The representation may show the importance of taking
care of these body parts for procreation and
consequently the survival of species.
NEOLITHIC ART
STONEHENGE IN ENGLAND
mystery up tothis day age. Some regard it as a temple
while others see it ascomplex calendar the tracked the
movements of both the Sunand Moon. Others ascribe
some magical element to it by associating it with Merlin
the Magician from King Arthurs’s story.
EGYPTIAN ART
periods: Old, Middle, and New Kingdom. Looking at the
three periods, it can be noticed that for the Egyptians,
art should be something religious and spiritual. There
may have been differences in the techniques used and
style emphasized, but there are common denominators
among the artworks created during their respective
time periods.
NARMER PALETTE
It was a palette that utilized and applied dark colors
around King Narmer’s eyes. The palette was also a
symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper
and Lower Egypt.
The Great Pyramid Of Giza
During the old Kingdom, one of the Architectural
wonders was also constructed.The pyramids in Giza
served as tombs since their main purpose was to
provide a resting place for the pharaohs
Queen Nefertiti
There is emphasis to life-like features of the face like an
elongate jaw and thick-lidded eyes. Most artists created
artworks that are natural and seemingly real,
highlighting the features of their subjects. Naturalism
was not only used to depict the pharaoh but also was
used for members of the royal family.The bust of Queen
Nefertiti has a long and sensuous neck.
King Tutankhamen Laocoon and his sons”

He became king at a very young age and died at the age
of eighteen. Howard Carter discovered his tomb in
1922. They were astonished to find gold artworks and
that the coffin was made out of solid gold. The body of
the young king was eredred in linen and a gold mask
covered his face.
Laocoon, a Trojan priest, and his sons being strangled by
serpents. Their position was a result of locoon’s because
he felt that the wooden horse offered by the Greeks as
a gift to Athena was a trick.
Poseidon, the Greek God of the sea was enlarged by
such action which led him to send serpents to strangle
Laocoon and his sons.

Art of Emerging Europe

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: The origins of theater and drama can be traced back
during the Greek civilization
GREEKS ROMANS
The followers of Dionysus―god of fertility – started the
All the way to the modern times art has been use to
Greek theater. People who were devoted to Dionysus
communicate ideologist and belief systems prevalent
would dance during ceremonies while giving their
within there context Greek and Romans Civilizations
offerings to their god. eventually, the Dionysians
where also known as Classical World because both
devised a more structured form of drama involving
cultures aimed to embody, the highest possible
dances and choral songs, which depicted Greek
standard of quality in all aspects of their societies.
mythologies. Eventually the Greeks organized theatrical
contests where the performance were held in front of
large citizens.
ANCIENT GREECE

They Valued

Poetry Drama Philosophy

Art Involved

Painting Sculpture Architecture

Man

The center of society and how they trained their minds

could be the very foundation of how they lived their
lives.

Nature

Greeks were notably passionate about natural

phenomenon and believed that nature should be in
perfect order. Perseus and Medusa
Just like the Greeks, the romans valued their gods and
this was evident with their sculptures and artworks