Split half-reliability is similar to parallel forms reliability, which uses one set of questions divided into two

equivalent sets. The sets are given to the same students, usually within a short time frame, like one set
of test questions on Monday and another set on Friday. With split-half reliability, the two tests are given to
one group of students who sit the test at the same time. Another difference: the two tests in parallel
forms reliability are equivalent and are independent of each other. This is not true with split-half reliability;
the two sets do not have to be equivalent (“parallel”).

https://www.statisticshowto.com/split-half-reliability/

measurement of errors:

https://cehs01.unl.edu/aalbano/intromeasurement/mainch6.html

Key terms:

 “Stability”: related to time consistency.

 “Internal”: related to the instruments.
 “Inter-rater”: related to the examiners’ criterion.
 “Intra-rater”: related to the examiner’s criterion.

Validity and reliability are closely related. A test cannot be considered valid unless the measurements
resulting from it are reliable. Likewise, results from a test can be reliable and not necessarily valid.

Reliability

Reliability =Consistenc y

The degree of consistency between two measures of the same thing. (Mehrens and Lehman, 1 98 7)

The measure of how stable, dependable, trustworthy, and consistent a test is in measuring the same
thing each time (Worthen et al., 1 993).
source of reliability
1. Stability or Test-retest reliability.
For measuring reliability for two tests: Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
One disadvantage: it overestimates the true relationship for small samples (under 15).

If you have more than two tests: Intraclass Correlation.

This can also be used for two tests, and has the advantage it doesn’t overestimate relationships
for small samples. However, it is more challenging to calculate, compared to the simplicity of
Pearson’s.
Test-retest reliability coefficients

N ∑ xy −( ∑ x ) ∑ y
√¿ ¿ ¿

Student Pre-test (x) Post-test (y) (xy) (x2 ¿ ( y ¿¿ 2)¿

A 20 30 600 400 900
B 24 20 480 576 400
c 17 27 459 289 729
total 61 77 1539 1265 2029
3 ( 1539 )−( 61 ) 77
√3 ( 1265 ) −( 1265 ) ¿ ¿ ¿
1 : perfect reliability,
≥ 0.9: excellent reliability,
≥ 0.8 < 0.9: good reliability,
≥ 0.7 < 0.8: acceptable reliability,
≥ 0.6 < 0.7: questionable reliability,
≥ 0.5 < 0.6: poor reliability,
< 0.5: unacceptable reliability,
0: no reliability.

Reliability Validity
Consistency Accuracy