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Reported speech
Indirect speech is the way you can tell, explain, write or say something in your own words by changing
the verb tense to the past.
It differs from direct speech in this way, because direct speech involves you saying or writing everything
textually and exactly as it happened.
Rule #1: You must learn that, in reported speech, the verb tenses change.
That is, in direct speech or in direct style, all expressions of verb tenses are in the present tense. But
when you use the indirect speech or reported speech, the verb changes into the past tense. However,
there are two exceptions to this rule, which are explained below.
Rule #2: The verb tenses of modal verbs also change.
As mentioned above, the verb tenses change once the direct speech is changed into the indirect
speech, and the modal verbs do not escape this either, except would, could, should, might and ought
to.
examples
Carolina: ¡Hey Felipe! What are you doing? I haven't seen you since last week.
Philip: ¡Oh, hey Caroline! Sorry, I've just come back from the hospital
3.Carolina: ¿Are you ok? What happens to you?