Aa¨vq 3: msL¨v c×wZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm

(Number System and Digital Device)

cÖkœ bs-1:
F  AB  BC (XvKv †evW©-2016)
K. BCD Kx? 1
L. 1+1=1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwUi Av‡jv‡K mZ¨K mviwY •Zwi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwU wK ïay NAND ‡MB‡Ui mvnvh¨ ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e? we‡kølY Ki| 4

1 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- BCD kã ms‡ÿcwUi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Binary Coded Decimal|`kwgK msL¨vi cÖwZwU AsK‡K mgZzj¨ Pvi (4)
weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD ‡KvW e‡j|
1 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- 1+1=1 GwU GKwU jwRK¨vj ev †hŠw³K †hvM hv OR(+) ‡MBU Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq|
Input Output
A B A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
OR(+) ‡MBU BbcyU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †h‡Kvb GKwU Bbcy‡Ui gvb 1 n‡jB AvDUcyU 1 nq|
1 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K dvskbwUi Av‡jv‡K mZ¨K mviwY †`Lv‡bv nj:
A B C A B AB BC F  AB  BC
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwU ïay NAND ‡MBU w`‡q ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e | wb‡P Zv we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
wb‡P eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiYwU mijxKiY Kiv n‡jv|
F  AB  BC
 AB  BC [ A  A]
 (AB).(BC) [wW-giM¨v‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i]
 cÖkœ bs-2:

(P”MÖvg †evW©-2016)
K. ASCII-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? 1
L. (267)10-msL¨v‡K Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi MÖnY K‡i bv-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. Y-Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 Gi mZ¨K mviwY †_‡K cÖvß jwRK †MBUwUi mv‡_ Y-Gi mijxK…Z gv‡bi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| 4

2 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- ASCII Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv AmericanStandard Code for Information Interchange.

2 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- (267)10GKwU `kwgK c×wZi msL¨v| KviY Kw¤úDUvi evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i| Kw¤úDUvi ev
B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ `ywUi Ae¯’v mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 0, G‡K OFF, LOW,
FAISE wKsev NO ejv nq| Ab¨wU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 1, G‡K ON, High, True wKsev Yes ejv nq| GB 0
ev 1 evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi mv‡_ mvgÄb¨c~Y©| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi (267)10 †K Gb‡KvWvi bvgK GK ai‡bi eZ©bxi
gva¨‡g evBbvwi‡Z iæcvšÍi K‡i e¨envi K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Ges
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ|

2 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

Y Gi mijxK…Z gvb wb‡P wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|

Y = (A + B) (AB  B)
 (A  B)(A  B  B) [wW-giM¨v‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i]
 (A  B)(A  B  B) [∵ A  A  1 ]
 (A  B)(A  1) [∵ A  1  1 ]
= (A+B).1
= A+B
 2 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

`„k¨Kí -2 Gi mZ¨K mviwYwU n‡jv XOR ‡MBU|

Y Gi mijxK…Z gvbwU n‡jv OR ‡MBU|

†MBU `ywUi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv|

1. OR ‡MBU GKwU †gŠwjK †MBU| Aciw`‡K XOR ‡MBUwU †gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ •Zwi K‡i|
2. + w`‡q OR ‡MB‡Ui KvR‡K eySv‡bv nq| Aciw`‡K ⨁ w`‡q XOR ‡MB‡Ui KvR‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
3. OR ‡MBU †hŠw³K ‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq| Aciw`‡K XOR ‡MBU evBbvwi †hv‡Mi mvwK©‡U †hvMdj
wbY©‡q e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ bs-3:
F  AB  BC (iwekvj †evW©-2016)
K. jwRK †MBU Kx? 1
L. XOR mKj †gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mgwš^Z jwRK †MBU- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwUi jwRK wPÎ AuvK Ges e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwU wK ïay NAND †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e? we‡kølY Ki| 4

3 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- jwRK †MBU n‡”Q GK ai‡bi B‡jKUªwbK mvwU©K hv GK ev GKvwaK BbcyU MÖnb K‡i †Kv‡bv hyw³i wfwˇZ AvDUcyU
ev djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: Ai (OR) ‡MBU, A¨vÛ (AND) ‡MBU, bU (NOT) ‡MBU BZ¨vw`|

3 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- XOR †MBU mKj †gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mgwš^Z †MBU| KviY AND, OR, NOT ‡MBU e¨envi K‡i XOR ‡MBU
•Zwi Kiv hvq| XOR ‡MB‡Ui mgxKiY n‡jv:
Y=A  B = AB  AB
ïaygvÎ †gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ XOR ‡MB‡Ui jwRK wPÎ-
 3 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
DÏxc‡K dvskbwUi Av‡jv‡K mZ¨K mviYx †`Lv‡bv n‡jvt-
A B C A B AB AB F  AB  BC
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

F  AB  BC Gi jwRK wPÎ-

3 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwU‡K ïay NAND ‡MBU w`‡q ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e|NAND ‡MBU GKwU mve©Rbxb †MBU, hvi
Øviv †h‡Kv‡bv jwRK mvwK©U ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e| DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvß F  AB  BC |
F  AB  BC
F  AB  BC [∵ A  A]
F  AB.BC [wW-giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
G mgxKiY †_‡K wb‡Pi jwRK wPÎ ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡jv:
 cÖkœ bs-4:
eøK wPθ‡jv jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: (Kzwgjøv †evW©-2016)

K. †iwR÷vi Kx? 1
L. wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. eøK wPÎ-1 †gŠwjK †MBU Øviv hyw³ eZ©bx A¼b K‡i mZ¨K mviwY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. eøK wPÎ-1 Øviv eøK wPÎ-2 Gi jwRK eZ©bx ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq wK bv? we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4

4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- ‡iwRóvi n‡jv GK cÖKvi †g‡gvwi wWfvBm hv KZK¸‡jv weU‡K aviY ev msiÿY K‡i _v‡K| GKwU n-bit †iwR÷vi
n msL¨K wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K hv evBbvwi n-bit Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY Kw¤úDUvi evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i|
evBbvwi msL¨vq e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jv (0 I 1) mn‡RB B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji mvn‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| •e`y¨wZK
wmMb¨vj Pvjy _vK‡j Ab Ges eÜ _vK‡j Ad Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUvi ev B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ `ywUi Ae¯’v
mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 0, G‡K OFF, LOW, FAISE wKsev NO ejv nq|
Ab¨wU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 1, G‡K ON, High, True wKsev Yes ejv nq| GB 0 ev 1 evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi
mv‡_ mvgÄb¨c~Y©| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi (267)10 †K Gb‡KvWvi bvgK GK ai‡bi eZ©bxi gva¨‡g evBbvwi‡Z iæcvšÍi
K‡i e¨envi K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Ges †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ|

4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- eøK wPG-1 n‡jv nvd A¨vWvi WvqvMÖvg| †h A¨vWvi `ywU weU †hvM K‡i †hvMdj I nv‡Z _v‡K msL¨v ev K¨vwi †ei
Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K nvd A¨vWvi e‡j|
- g‡bKwi, `ywU BbcyU A I B G‡`i †hvMdj SI K¨vwi C| mZ¨K mviwY †_‡K SI CGi ïay 1 we‡ePbv K‡i
wb‡Pi mgxKiY `ywU †jLv hvq|

BbczU AvDUcyU
A B S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
S= AB  AB  A  B Ges C=AB
‡gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ nvd A¨vWv‡ii
jwRK eZ©bx A¼b K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
 4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K ewY©Z eøK wPÎ-1 Øviv wPÎ 2 Gi jwRK eZ©bx ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| wb‡P eøK wPÎ-1 Gi nvd A¨vWvi Øviv eøK
wPÎ 2 Gi dzj A¨vWvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv nj-
dzj A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î BbcyU X, Y, Ci Ges AvDUcyU †hvMdj S I K¨vwi Co n‡j: S=X⊕Y⊕Ci I
Co=Ci(X⊕Y)+XY nvd A¨vWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GKwU dzj A¨vWvi •Zwii Rb¨ `ywU nvd A¨vWvi I GKwU Ai †MBU
cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖ_g nvd A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU X I Y ‡_‡K ‡hvMdj S1 I K¨vwi C1 cvIqv hvq| wØZxq nvd A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU S1 I
Ci †_‡K †hvMdj S2 I K¨vwi C2 cvIqv hvq| wØZxq nvd A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdjB n‡e dzj A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdj| 1g
I 2q nvd A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi †hvM K‡i cvIqv hv‡e dzj A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi|

wPÎ: nvd A¨vWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ dzj A¨vWv‡ii ev¯Íevqb

cÖ_g nvd A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î: S1 = X  Y Ges C1 = XY

wØZxq nvd A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î:

S2 = S1  Ci Avevi, CO = C2+C1
= X  Y  C1 = S1Ci+XY
=S = (X  Y)Ci+XY
Ges C2 = S1Ci = (XY  XY)Ci  XY(Ci  Ci)
= (X  Y)Ci = (XY  XY)Ci  XY(Ci  Ci)
= XYCi  XYCi  XYCi  XYCi
myZivs, Full Adder Gi AvDUcyU Co=C1+C2
‡hvMdj S=S2 Gi K¨vwi
∴ `yB nvd A¨vWvi I GKwU OR ‡MBU e¨envi K‡i GKwU dzj A¨vWvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡jv|

cÖkœ bs-5:
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: (w`bvRcyi †evW©-2016)

K. BCD †KvW Kx? 1

L. ÔAKUvj wZb we‡Ui †KvWÕ- eywS‡q †jL| 2
M. wPÎ-1 Gi mZ¨K mviwY •Zwi Ki| 3
N. evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bx •Zwi‡Z wPÎ؇qi f‚wgKv we‡kølY Ki| 4

5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- BCD †KvW:BCD kã ms‡ÿcwUi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Binary Coded Decimal; `kwgK msL¨vi cÖwZwU AsK‡K
mgZzj¨ 4 weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD ‡KvW e‡j|
 5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- AKUvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0-7 ch©šÍ †gvU 8wU msL¨v e¨eüZ nq| A_©vr GB msL¨v c×wZi me‡P‡q eo msL¨vwU n‡jv
7 hv‡K evBbvwi‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j cvIqv hvq (7)8=(111)2
‡h‡nZz AKUvj msL¨v c×wZi m‡e©v”P msL¨vwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z 3wU we‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb c‡o‡Q| †m‡nZz AKUvj c×wZ
evBbvwi 3 we‡Ui †h‡Kv‡bv (0 ev 1) mgš^‡q cÖKvk Kiv hvq| Aciw`‡K PviwU weU wb‡j gvb cvIqv hvq 15, hv
AKUvj msL¨v Am¤¢e| d‡j AKUvj wZb we‡Ui GKwU †KvW|

5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- wPÎ-1 n‡jv X-OR ‡MBU| Bnv GKwU eûj e¨eüZ jwRK †MBU| X-OR ‡MB‡U we‡Rvo msL¨K BbcyU 1 n‡j
AvDUcyU 1 nq| A_©vr BbcyU hw` Amgvb nq Z‡e AvDUcyU 1 n‡e| `ywU we‡Ui Ae¯’v Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ G †MBU
e¨envi Kiv nq| eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv Abyhvqx
Y = A  B = AB  AB
X-OR ‡MB‡Ui Øviv X-OR wµqv eySv‡bv nq|
X-OR ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨K mviwY:
BbcyU AvDUcyU
A B Y=AB
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- wPÎ-1 G ewY©Z jwRK †MBUwU n‡jv X-OR gate Ges wPÎ-2 G ewY©Z jwRK †MBU n‡jv AND gate| Avgiv
Rvwb, nvd-A¨vWvimvwK©U •Zwi Ki‡Z 1wU X-OR gate I 1wU AND gate cÖ‡qvRb nq| X-OR gate Gi
mvnv‡h¨ Sum Ask Ges AND gate Gi mvnv‡h¨ Carry Ask cvIqv hvq| wPÎ؇qi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß nvd A¨vWvi
eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc:

mvaviYZ evBbvwi `ywU weU †hvM Ki‡j GKwU †hvMdj (Sum) Ges GKwU K¨vwi (carry) weU cvIqv hvq| †hgb-
evBbvwi‡Z 0 I 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 1 K¨vwi 0 nq| GKBfv‡e 1 I 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj (sum) 0 I K¨vwi 1
nq| AZGe evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bx wPÎ؇qi f‚wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
cÖkœ bs-6:
ICT wel‡qi Aa¨vcK K¬v‡k msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| ZLb Bgivb‡K Zvi ICT wel‡qi Aa©-evwl©K I evwl©K cixÿvi
cÖvß b¤^i Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m ejj, Aa©-evwl©‡K (37)8Ges evwl©K cixÿvq (3F)16b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ QvÎiv Gi A_©
eyS‡Z bv †c‡i m¨vi‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡j m¨vi we¯ÍvwiZ eywS‡q ej‡jb| (h‡kvi †evW©-2016)
K. Gb‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. ÒwPÎwU †hŠw³K †hv‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡iÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Bgiv‡bi Aa©-evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i‡K †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. Bgiv‡bi evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (72)10n‡Z KZ Kg ev †ewk? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
 6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj eZ©bxi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ‡K Gb‡KvWvi
e‡j| Bnv Ggb GKwU mgevq wWwRUvj mvwK©U hvi Øviv me©vwaK 2nwU BbcyU †_‡K n wU AvDUcyU jvB‡b 0 ev 1
AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq|
6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- ÒwPÎwU OR ‡MBU ev †hŠw³K †hv‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
OR ‡MB‡U `yB ev `yB‡qi AwaK BbcyU w`‡j GKwU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq| `ywU Bbcy‡Ui †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 1
n‡j AvDUcyU 1 n‡e| Avi `ywU BbcyU 0 n‡j AvDUcyU 0 n‡e| Avevi 1+1=1 nq hv logical OR|
6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- Bgiv‡bi Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (37)8GLv‡b †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡j iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
∴(37)8=(?)16
∴ 37

011 111
= 0011 1111

= 00011111
↓ ↓
1 15 (F)
= (37)8 = (1F)16
∴Bgiv‡bi Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq b¤^i n‡e (1F)16.

6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- Bgiv‡bi evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i (3F)16
∴ (3F)16 = (?)10
(3F)16 = 3×16'+F+16°
= 48+15 ×1
= 48+15
= (63)10
‡h‡nZz (63)10 gvbwU (72)10 A‡cÿv †QvU, Bgiv‡bi evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i (72)10 A‡cÿv Kg n‡e|
∴ Bgiv‡bi evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i Kg = (72)10−(63)10
= (9)10
cÖkœ bs-7:
X = AB + BC, Y = ABC + ABC + AB + BC (ivRkvnx †evW©-2016)
K) †KvW Kx? 1
L) we‡qv‡Mi KvR †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g m¤¢e e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M) X-†K ïay NOR †M‡Ui gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb K‡i †`LvI| 3
N) Y-†K eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h¨ mijxKiY Kivi d‡j eZ©bx ev¯Íevqb mnR n‡q‡QÓ we‡kølYc~e©K Dw³wUi
mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4

7 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- cÖwZwU eY©, AsK ev we‡kl wPý Avjv`vfv‡e wmwcBD‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ we‡Ui (0 ev 1) wewfbœ web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ AwØZxq
(Unique) ms‡KZ •Zwi Kiv nq| GB AwØZxq ms‡KZ‡K †KvW ejv nq|

7 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- we‡qv‡Mi KvR †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g m¤¢e| 2 Gi cwic~iK MV‡b †hvM I we‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ GKB eZ©bx e¨envi Kiv hvq|
ZvB AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡i 2 Gi cwic~iK c×wZ e¨envi K‡i‡hvM‡i gva¨‡g we‡qv‡Mi KvR Kiv nq|
†hgb: +7 †_‡K 4 we‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î
+7 I +4 Gi evBbvwi h_vµ‡g 00000111 I 00000100[8 weU †iwR÷vi]
GLb we‡qvR¨ +4Gi wb‡Mkb (2 Gi cwic~iK) wbY©q Kiv nq|
+4 Gi 2 Gi cwic~iK = 11111011 [1 Gi cwic~iK]
+1
(-4) = 11111100
GLb +7 = 00000111
-4 = 11111100
+3 =100000011
K¨vwiweU we‡PPbv Kiv nq bv| wPý weU 0, myZivs djvdj mivmwi evBbvwi MV‡b Av‡Q| djvdj +3|

7 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- X ‡K ïay NOR ‡MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ ev¯Íevqb K‡i †`Lvb n‡jv-
X  AB  BC
 A  B  BC
 A  B  BC
= A  B  BC
= ABBC

7 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki Y  ABC  ABC  AB  BC
 C(AB  AB)  AB  BC
 C.1  AB  BC [ A  A  1]
 AB  BC  C
 AB  (B  C)( C  C)
 AB  (B  C).1
 AB  B  C
 B(A  1)  C [ A  1  1]
 B.1  C  B  C
GLv‡b Y=B+C Gi eZ©bx|

∴ myZivs Y ‡K eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h¨ mijxKiY Kivi d‡j eZ©bx mn‡R ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ bs-8:
 8| A B (wm‡jU †evW©-2016)

K. †cøwRqvwiRg Kx? (Aa¨vq-1) 1

L. (298)8msL¨vwU mwVK wKbvÑe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. Q Gi gvb‡K NOR †MB‡Ui gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ jwRK mvwK©UwU b~¨bZgmsL¨K †MBU Øviv ev¯Íevqb m¤¢eÑwe‡kølYc~e©K Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB
K‡iv| 4

8 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- ‡Kvb e¨vw³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨, M‡elYv ev m¤úv`bv Kg© ûeû bKj ev AvswkK cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Ri bv‡g
cÖKvk KivB nj †cøwRqvwiRg|

8 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- (298)8msL¨vwU mwVK bq| KviY AKUvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z A¼¸‡jv n‡jv 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 I 7 | †gvU 8wU A¼
e¨envi Kiv nq| AKUvj msL¨vi †eR 8| AKUvj c×wZ‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨v wjL‡Z †M‡j 0 †_‡K 7 ch©šÍ A¼
e¨envi K‡i wjL‡Z nq| wKš‘ (298)8msL¨vwU‡Z 9 I 8 e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

8 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU njt-
A B

GLv‡b QGi mgxKiY n‡”QQ = AB

Q Gi gvb‡K NOR ‡MB‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv:
 8 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- P I Q Gi AvDUcyU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g jwRK mvwK©U n‡jv-

DÏxc‡Ki P = (AB)(A B)
= (A  B)(A  B)
= (A  B)(A  B)
= AA  AB  AB  BB 5
= 0  AB  A B  0
= AB A B = A  B = A  B
P  A  B mgxKiYwU n‡jv X-OR ‡MBU Ges Q=AB DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ jwRK mvwK©UwU b~b¨Zg msL¨K †MBU
(AND, OR I NOT) Øviv ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e| Dw³wU mZ¨|

cÖkœ bs-9:
9| AvBwmwU wkÿK GKv`k †kÖwY‡Z msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| wKš‘ GKRb Qv‡Îi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wei³
n‡q Zvi †ivj b¤^i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| QvÎ DËi w`j (31)10| Zvici wkÿK Qv‡Îi MZ †kÖwYi †ivj wRÁvmv Ki‡j
DËi w`j (15)10| ZLb wkÿK Zv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgvi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y Lvivc dj n‡q‡Q| (XvKv †evW©-17)
K. msL¨v c×wZi †em Kx? 1
L. BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvWwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi `yB †kÖwYi †iv‡ji cv_©K¨ ïaygvÎ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †ei K‡i djvd‡ji cwieZ©b g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

9 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- msL¨v c×wZi †emt †Kv‡bv GKwU msL¨v c×wZ‡Z hZ¸‡jv †gŠwjK wPý _v‡K Zvi †gvU msL¨v n‡jv D³ msL¨v
c×wZi †em (Base) ev wfwË| †hgb- evBbvwi msL¨v (0 I 1) c×wZi †em n‡jv 2|
9 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e©i me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvWwU n‡jv ASCII -8.
A¨vmwK (ASCII) ‡KvW:AmericanStandard Code for Information Interchange Gi mswÿß iƒc
ASCII ev A¨vwmK| 1965 mv‡j ievU© wegvi mvZ we‡Ui A¨vmwK †KvW D™¢veb K‡ib| A¨vmwK GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ
†KvW| eZ©gv‡b A¨vmwK †KvW ej‡Z A¨vmwK-8 †KB eySvq|
ASCII-8: GwU †gvU 8wU weU Øviv •Zwi nq| me©-evgw`‡Ki weUwU‡K c¨vwiwU weU Ges me©-Wvbw`‡Ki PviwU weU‡K
msL¨vm~PK weU ejv nq, Ges gv‡Si wZbwU weU‡K †Rvb weU ejv nq| †gvU weU-8 nIqv‡Z G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 28ev
256wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
A= 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

c¨vwiwU weU †Rvb weU msL¨vm~PK weU

 9 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj (31)10

∴(31)10 = (11111)2
DÏxc‡K Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj evBbvwi msL¨vq (11111)2

9 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡K Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj b¤^vi (31)10
Qv‡Îi Av‡Mi †kÖwYi †ivj bv¤^vi (15)10
+31 I +15 Gi evBbvwi h_vµ‡g 00011111, 000011111| Gevi we‡qvR¨ +15 Gi †b‡Mkb (2Gi cwic~iK)
wbY©q Kiv nq| +15 Gi †b‡Mkb (2 Gi cwic~iK) = 11110000+1
= 11110001
GLb,
+31 = 00011111
-15 = 11110001
+16 = 100010000
AwZwi³ K¨vwi weU 1 we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| GLv‡b wPý -weU 0, myZivs djvdj mivmwi evBbvwiMV‡b Av‡Q|
djvdj +16|

cÖkœ bs-10:
10| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges M I N bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: (XvKv †evW©-2017)

K. eywjqvb ¯^Ztwm× Kx? 1

L. hvwš¿K fvlv‡K gvby‡li fvlvq †evSv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx jwRK mvwK©UwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki jwRK mvwK©‡Ui AvDUcyU mgxKiY mijxKiY Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki F Gi gvb NAND †MB‡Ui gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb K‡i NAND †MB‡Ui ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL Ki| 4

10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- eywjqvb ¯^Ztwm×: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq ïaygvÎ eywjqvb †hvM I ¸‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ mg¯Í A¼ Kiv hvq| †hvM I ¸‡Yi
†ÿ‡Î eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv KZK¸‡jv wbqg †g‡b P‡j| G wbqg¸‡jv‡K eywjqvb ¯^Ztwm× e‡j|
 10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- hvwš¿K fvlv‡K gvby‡li fvlvq †evSv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx jwRK mvwK©UwU n‡jv wW‡KvWvi| 2 to 4 wW‡KvWv‡i `ywU BbcyU
jvBb †_‡K PviwU AvDUcyU jvB‡bi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU‡Z AvDUcyU 1 cvIqv hvq I evwK meKwU‡Z AvDUcyU 0 cvIqv
hvq| Z‡e †Kvb AvDUcyU jvB‡b 1 n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i BbcyU¸‡jvi gv‡bi Dci| wb‡P GKwU 2 to 4 wm‡½j weU
wW‡KvWv‡ii eøK wPÎ Ges mZ¨K mviwY †`qv n‡jv|

D0 = AB
D1 = A.B
D2 = A.B
D0 = A.B
10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
DÏxc‡Ki jwRK mvwK©‡Ui AvDUcyU,
F = pqr  pqr  pr
= pq(r  r)  pr
= pq  pr [A  A  1]

10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki F Gi gvb NAND ‡MB‡Ui gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq|

DÏxc‡Ki jwRK mvwK©‡Ui AvDUcyU, F = pq  pr
= pq  pr
= pq.pr

NAND ‡MBU GKwU mve©Rbxb †MBU nIqvq Gi Øviv mKj ai‡bi †MBU ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| mve©Rbxb †MBU •Zwi
Kivi LiP Kg weavq wWwRUvj mvwK©U GB †MBU †ewk e¨eüZ nq|
 cÖkœ bs-11:

K. Kw¤úDUvi †KvW Kx? 1

L. 2-Gi cwic~iK MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki F-Gi gvb mij Ki| 3
N. "F-Gi mijxK…Z gvb NOR gate Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e|Ó- wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
11 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g e¨eüZ cÖwZwU eY©, msL¨v evwe‡kl wPý‡K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wmwcBD‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ evBbvwi
weU A_©vr 0 ev 1 iƒcvšÍi K‡i wewfbœfv‡e mvwR‡q AwØZxq ms‡KZ •Zwi Kiv nq| GB AwØZxq ms‡KZ nj
Kw¤úDUvi †KvW| Bbcy‡Ui Rb¨ †KvwWs cÖ‡qvRb|
11 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- 2 Gi cwic~iK msL¨vi Rb¨ MvwYwZK mij eZ©bx cÖ‡qvRb| mij eZ©bx `v‡g m¯Ív Ges `ªæZMwZ‡Z KvR K‡i| 2 Gi
cwic~iK MV‡b wPýhy³ msL¨v Ges wPýwenxb msL¨v †hvM Kivi Rb¨ GKB eZ©bx e¨envi nq|2 Gi cwic~iK MV‡b
†hvM I we‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ GKB eZ©bx e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvB AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡i 2 Gi cwic~iK MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Acwimxg|
11 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

 A.C
 AC

F  (A  B)(A  B)(A  C)
 (A.A  AB  AB  BB)(A  C)
 (A  AB  AB  0)(A  C) [ A.A  A, BB  0]
 A(1  B  B)(A  C)
 A(A  C)
 A.A  AC
 0  AC
 AC
11 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ‘F’ Gi mijxK…Z gvb NOR gate Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e|
ÔMÕ n‡Z cÖvß F=ACev F= AC  A  C
ïaygvÎ F Gi mijK…Z gvb‡K me©Rbxb †MBU NOR gate Øviv ev¯Íevqb wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv|
 cÖkœ bs-12:
AvwZK mv‡ne Zvi kqbK‡ÿ d¨vb Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †eW myBP e¨envi K‡ib| VvÐv Abyf~Z nIqvq wZwb †eW myBPwU Ad
Ki‡jb| d‡j d¨vbwU eÜ n‡q †Mj| d¨v‡bi GKwU myBP †Lvjv _vKv m‡Ë¡I d¨vbwU eÜ n‡q hvIqvq wPšÍv Ki‡jb GwU
Kxfv‡e m¤¢e? (ewikvj †evW©-2017)
K. Gb‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. OR ‡MB‡Ui Zyjbvq XOR ‡MU Gi myweav- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwU A¼b K‡i d¨vb eÜ nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwU Kx cwieZ©b Ki‡j GKwU myBP eÜ Ki‡jI d¨vbwU eÜ n‡e bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj eZ©bxi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ‡K Gb‡KvWvi
e‡j| Bnv Ggb GKwU mgevq wWwRUvj mvwK©U hvi Øviv me©vwaK 2nwU BbcyU †_‡K n wU AvDUcyU jvB‡b 0 ev 1
AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq|
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- OR GKwU †gŠwjK †MBU| OR †MBU `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evBbvwi msL¨vi †hŠw³K(Logical) †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ
nq| cÿvšÍ‡i XOR ‡MBU we‡kl †MBU| XOR ‡MBU `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evBbvwi msL¨vi †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ
nq| GRb¨ OR ‡MB‡Ui Zzjbvq XOR ‡MB‡Ui myweav †ewk| `ywU we‡Ui Ae¯’v Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ XOR †MBU
e¨envi Kiv nq|
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- AvwZK mv‡n‡ei kqbK‡ÿi d¨v‡bi gyj myB‡Pi cvkvcvwk ‡eW myBP wQj| wZwb †eW myBP Ad Ki‡j d¨vbwUI eÜ
n‡q hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î eZ©bx‡Z myBPØq †kÖwY ev wmwi‡R hy³ wQj hv AND ‡MBU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|AND ‡MBU‡K `yB ev
Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU w`‡j GKwU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq| AND ‡MB‡U mKj BbcyU 1 n‡j †Kej AvDUcyU 1 n‡e
Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 0 n‡e| `yBwU BbcyU A I B n‡j AvDUcyU y=AB n‡e|

wPÎ: AND †MB‡Ui mvwK©P

wP‡Î AND ‡MB‡Ui mgKÿ GKwU mvwK©U †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| G mvwK©U myBP `ywU A I B Gi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU myBP Ad
Ki‡j d¨vbwU eÜ n‡q hv‡e| †KejgvÎ `yBwU myBP Ab Ki‡j d¨vb Pj‡e|

12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwUi †h cwieZ©b Ki‡j GKwU myBP eÜ Ki‡jI d¨vbwU eÜ n‡e bv Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|

wPÎ: OR ‡MB‡Ui jwRK mvwK©U

DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwU †`‡L †evSv hv‡”Q †h GwU GKwU OR ‡MB‡Ui mvwK©U| OR ‡MB‡U †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 1 n‡j
AvDUcyU 1 n‡e| wP‡Îi mvwK©U hLb we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡e ZLb myBP eÜ †c‡j d¨vbwU Pj‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AvwZK mv‡n‡ei kqb K‡ÿi d¨v‡b AND ‡MB‡Ui mvwK©‡Ui cwie‡Z© OR ‡MB‡Ui mvwK©U
e¨envi Ki‡j †h †Kv‡bv GKwU myBP eÜ Ki‡jI d¨vbwU eÜ n‡e bv|
 cÖkœ bs-13:
Avwm‡di evev ICT wel‡qi wkÿK| wZwb Avwm‡di Kv‡Q ICT wel‡qi cÖvß djvdj Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m ejj Aa©evwl©K
cixÿvq (112)8 Ges evwl©K cixÿvq (7F)16b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| (ewikvj †evW©-2017)
K. †iwR÷vi Kx? 1
L. (14)10 Gi mgKÿ BCD †KvW Ges evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z †ewk weU cÖ‡qvRb? eywS‡q ej| 2
M. Avwm‡di Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Avwm‡di evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i (80)10†_‡K KZ Kg ev †ewk? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
13 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- †iwR÷vit †iwR÷vi n‡jv GK¸”Q wd¬c-d¬c hvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU GK weU (Bit) Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU n-bit
†iwR÷v‡i n msL¨K wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K hv evBbvwi n-bit Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB †iwR÷vi nj GK¸”Q
†ggwi Dcv`vb hv GK‡Î GKwU BDwbU wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
13 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
(14)10 Gi mgKÿ BCD †KvW n‡”Q: (14)10Gi mgKÿ evBbvwi msL¨v n‡”Q:
14

0001 0100
∴ (14)10 = (00010100)BCD ∴ (14)10 = (1110)2

A_©vr ejv hvq †h, BCD ‡KvW Ges evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ BCD ‡Z †ewk weU jv‡M|
13 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- Avwm‡di Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (112)8 †K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi cÖKvk Kiv n‡jvt

(112)8 = (?) 16
∴ 1 1 2

001 001 010

= 001001010
= 0000 0100 1010
↓ ↓ ↓
0 4 10(A)
= (4A)16
∴Avwm‡di Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq cÖvß b¤^i (4A)16|
13 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- Avwm‡di evwl©K cixÿvi djvdj (7F)16
(7F)16 = (?)10
(7F)16 = 7×161+15×160
= 112+15
= (127)10
Avwm‡di evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (7F)16‡K †Wwmgvj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Kivi d‡j (127)10 nq|
∴(127)10>(80)10
∴ Avwmd evwl©K cixÿvq (127)10 (80)10 b¤^i †ewk †c‡q‡Q|
 cÖkœ bs-14:
(ivRkvnx †evW©-2017)
BbcyU AvDUcyU BbcyU AvDUcyU
P Q R P Q R
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1
mZ¨K mviwY-1 mZ¨K mviwY-2
K. BDwb‡KvW Kx? 1
L. †Kvb hyw³‡Z 1+1 = 1 Ges 1+1 = 10 nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. mZ¨K mviwY-1 NAND †MU‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i- cÖgvY Ki| 3
N. mZ¨K mviwY-2 Øviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix †MU w`‡q wK mZ¨K mviwY-1 Øviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix †MU ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e?
we‡kølY K‡i †`LvI| 4

14 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv GKwU gvb •Zwi K‡i‡Q| G gvbB
BDwb‡KvW| BDwb‡KvW g~jZ 2 evBU ev 16 we‡Ui †KvW| GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216ev 65,536 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K
wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
14 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- 1+1=1 GKwU jwRK¨vj ev †hŠw³K †hvM hv OR (+) †MBU Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| OR(+) ‡MBU BbcyU¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ ‡h †Kv‡bv GKwU Bbcy‡Ui gvb 1 n‡jB AvDUcyU 1 nq| eywjqvb PjK G 1+1=1 Aciw`‡K 1+1=10 GwU
GKwU evBbvwi †hvM|
14 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡Ki mZ¨K mviwY 1 n‡jv:
BbcyU AvDUcyU
P Q R
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
DÏxc‡K mZ¨K mviwYwU NAND ‡MBU wb‡`©k K‡i NAND ‡MB‡Ui mKj BbcyU1n‡j AvDUcyU 0 n‡e Ges
†h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Bbcy‡Ui gvb 0 n‡j AvDUcyU 1 n‡e|

wPÎ: NAND ‡MB‡Ui jwRK wPÎ|

NAND ‡MB‡Ui `ywU myBP GK mv‡_ Ab Ki‡j evwZwU wb‡f hv‡e ZvQvov †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU myBP Ad Ki‡j evwZwU
R¡j‡e|

14 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mZ¨K mviwY n‡jv:
BbcyU AvDUcyU
P Q R
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

mZ¨K mviwYwU XNOR ‡MBU wb‡`©k Ki‡Q|

DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ mZ¨K mviwY 2 Øviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix †MBU w`‡q mZ¨K mviwY 1 Øviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix †MBU
ev¯Íevqb
m¤¢e mviwY-2 cvB|
F  PQ  PQ

F  PQ  PQ
= PQ. PQ

cÖkœ bs-15:
2016 mv‡j cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y mewR Pvwl‡`i e¨vcK ÿwZ n‡q‡Q| K…lK Avjx (42) 10 †n±i Rwgi Avjy,
Rvwg‡ji (253.2)8 †n±i Rwgi mwilv, nvwm‡ei (E3.2)16 †n±i Rwgi U‡g‡Uv Ges Rwj‡ji (110)2 †n±i Rwgi km¨
bó n‡q‡Q| (Kzwgjøv †evW©-2017)
K) BCD †KvW Kx? 1
L) 5D †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M) DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ Avjxi Rwg †_‡K Rwj‡ji Rwgi dmj b‡ói cwigvY 2 Gi cwic~i‡K we‡qvM Ki| 3
N) DÏxc‡K Rvwgj I nvwm‡ei g‡a¨ Kvi dm‡ji †ewk ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Ges KZ? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| 4

15 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- BCD kã ms‡ÿcwUi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Binary Coded Decimal|`kwgK msL¨vi cÖwZwU AsK‡K mgZzj¨ Pvi (4)
weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD ‡KvW e‡j|

15 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- 5D n‡jv †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v| KviY msL¨vwU‡Z 2wU (A¼ I eY©) e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- 5 Ges D| Pvi cÖKvi
msL¨v c×wZi g‡a¨ †Kej †n·‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z Giƒc A¼ I eY© e¨eüZ nq| †n·v‡Wwm‡gj c×wZ‡Z
`kwgK c×wZi 10 wU AsK Ges Bs‡iwR eo nv‡Zi cÖ_g 6 wU eY© e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvB GwU ¯úó †h 5D
‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj c×wZi msL¨v|

15 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- DÏxcK Abyhvqx Avjxi Rwgi dmj bó n‡q‡Q-
(42)10 = (00101010)2
Rwj‡ji bó n‡q‡Q-
(110)2 = (00000110)2
(110)2 = Gi AvUweU wewkó evBbvwi gvb = 00000110
1 Gi evBbvwi cwic~iK = 11111001
= +1
2 Gi evBbvwi cwic~iK = 11111010
Avjxi Rwg = 00101010
Rwj‡ji Rwg = (-) 11111010
= 100100100
AwZwi³ K¨vwiweU we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv|
DËit 00100100|
15 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡Ki Rvwg‡ji †gvU Rwg ÿwZ n‡q‡Q (253.2)8 †n±i|
(253.2)8 = ( ? )10
= 282+581+380+28-1
= 264+40+3+.250
= 128+40+3+.25
= (171.25)10
∴ (253.2)8 = (171.25)10
ev, (171.25)10 †n±i|
Avevi, nvwm‡ei †gvU Rwg ÿwZ n‡q‡Q
(E3.2)16 ‡n±i
(E3.2)16 = (?)10
= E161+3160+216-1
= 1416+31+.125
= 224+3+.125
= 227.125 ∴ (E3.2)16 = (227.125)10
ev, (227.125)10 †n±i
Rvwg‡ji †P‡q nvwm‡ei Rwgi ÿwZ n‡q‡Q
= (227.125 -171.25)10
= (55.875)10
myZivs, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j Rvwg‡ji †_‡K nvwm‡ei (55.875)10 †n±i Rwg †ewk ÿwZ n‡q‡Q|

cÖkœ bs-16:
(Kzwgjøv †evW©-2017)

K) †iwR÷vi Kx? 1
L) ‘Output, Input’-Gi †hŠw³K wecixZÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M) DÏxc‡Ki C Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N) ÔDÏxc‡Ki e¨eüZ 1bs †MU Øviv †gŠwjK †MU¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢eÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 16 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- ‡iwR÷vi n‡jv gvB‡µv cÖ‡mm‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z D”P MwZm¤úbœ †g‡gvix hv KZK¸‡jv weU aviY K‡i _v‡K|

16 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- †hŠw³K c~i‡Ki †ÿ‡Î Output nq Input Gi †hŠw³K wecixZ| A_©vr Input G †h gvb †`Iqv nq Output G
Zvi wVK wecixZ gvb cvIqv hvq| 0 Ges 1 GKwU AciwUi c~iK| ZvB Input 0 (wg_¨v) n‡j Output 1 (mZ¨)
n‡e| Avevi Input 1 (mZ¨)n‡j Output 0 (wg_¨v) n‡e|

16 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †MBU C Gi mijxKiY Kiv n‡jv:
C= A  B  A  B
 (A  B) (A  B)
 (A  B)(A  B)
= A+B
∴ C = A+B

16 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki 1 bs †MBUwU n‡jv NOR ‡MBU| NOR ‡MBU w`‡q †gŠwjK †MBU¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e, wb‡P Zv
e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
i. NOR ‡MBU w`‡q NOT ‡MBU ev¯Íevqb i. NOT ‡MBU

ii. NOR ‡MBU w`‡q AND ‡MBU ev¯Íevqb ii. AND ‡MBU
Y=AB

iii. NOR ‡MBU w`‡q OR ‡MBU ev¯Íevqb iii. OR ‡MBU

cÖkœ bs-17:
‡¯œnv I wgZv †U‡÷i djvdj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQj| †¯œnv ejj, Avwg cixÿvq ICT-‡Z (4C)16‡c‡qwQ| wgZv ejj Avwg
ICT-‡Z (103)8b¤^i †c‡qwQ| 5g †kÖwY‡Z co–qv Zv‡`i fvB eyS‡jv bv †K †ewk b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| (P”MÖvg †evW©-2017)
K) msL¨v c×wZi †eR Kx? 1
L) 3 + 5 = 10 †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M) DÏxc‡Ki †¯œnv I wgZv `kwfwˇZ KZ b¤^i †c‡q‡QÑwe‡kølY K‡iv| 3
N) 8weU †iwR÷vi e¨envi K‡i 2-Gi cwic~iK c×wZ‡Z DÏxc‡Ki †¯œnv I wgZvi cÖvß b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ wbY©q K‡iv| 4

17 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- ‡Kv‡bv msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †h KqwU †gŠwjK wPý e¨eüZ nq Zvi †gvU msL¨v H msL¨v c×wZi †eR| †hgb: evBbvwi‡Z
`yBwU †gŠwjK wPý 0 I 1 e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvB evBbvwi †eR 2|
 17 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- GwU GKwU A±vj msL¨v c×wZi †hvM| `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 5+3=8 nq wKš‘ A±vj c×wZ‡Z †hvM Ki‡j
5+3=10 nq| A±vj c×wZ‡Z 7 Gi cieZ©x msL¨v 10 ev `kwgK msL¨v c×wZi mgZzj¨ gvb 8|

17 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡K †¯œnvi ICT ‡Z cÖvß b¤^i (4C)16 Ges wgZvi ICT ‡Z cÖvß b¤^i (103)8|
DÏxc‡Ki †¯œnv I wgZvi ICT ‡Z cÖvß b¤^i¸‡jv‡K `kwfwˇZ iƒcvšÍi K‡i wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv
‡¯œnvi ICT ‡Z = (4C)16
∴ (4C)16 = (?)10
∴ (4C)16 = 4×161+C×16°
= 4×16+12×1
= 64+12
= (76)10
∴ (4C)16 = (76)10
Ges wgZvi †ÿ‡Î,
(103)8 = (?)10
∴ (103)8 = 1×82+0×81+3×8°
= 1×64+0+3×1
= 64+0+3
= (67)10
∴ (103)8 = (67)10
∴ †¯œnv I wgZv `kwfwˇZ b¤^i †c‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g (76)10I (67)10

17 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 8 weU †iwR÷vi e¨envi K‡i 2 Gi cwic~iK c×wZ‡Z †¯œnv IwgZvi cÖvß b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ wb‡P
†`Iqv n‡jv|
(4C)16 = (76)10
(103)8 = (67)10

∴ (76)10– (67)10
= (76)10+ (–67)10

∴ (76)10 = 01001100
(67)10 = 01000011
10111100
+1
∴ (-67)10 = 10111101

∴ (76)10 = 01001100
(-67)10 = 10111101
(9)10 = 100001001

AwZwi³ K¨vwiweU we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv|

∴ (00001001)2 = (9)10
myZivs, †¯œvnv wgZvi †_‡K (9)10b¤^i †ewk †c‡q‡Q|
 cÖkœ bs-18:
A¯¿we` wRmvb mv‡n‡ei KÿwU LyeB wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z nq| ZvB Zvi iæ‡g †XvKvi Rb¨ 2wU `iRv cvi n‡Z
nq| cÖ_g `iRvq 2wU myB‡Pi g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU Ab Ki‡j `iRv Ly‡j hvq| hw` 2wU myBP GKmv‡_ Ab ev Ad Kiv
nq, Z‡e †Lv‡j bv| wKš‘ wØZxq `iRvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g `iRvi wecixZ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z nq| (P”MÖvg †evW©-2017)
K) jwRK †MU Kx? 1
L) BDwb‡KvW we‡k¦i mKj fvlvfvlx gvby‡li Rb¨ Avkxe©v`ÑeywS‡q wjL| 2
M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `iRvwU †h jwRK †MBU wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi, mZ¨K mviwY wbY©q K‡iv| 3
N) DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq `iRvi mZ¨K mviwYi mvnv‡h¨ mZ¨Zv we‡kølY K‡iv| 4

18 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv e¨envwiK cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ †h mKj wWwRUvj B‡jKUªwbK mvwK©U e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K jwRK
†MBU e‡j|
18 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- BDwb‡KvW we‡k¦i mKj fvlvfvlx gvby‡li Rb¨ Avkxe©v` KviY Gi gva¨‡g we‡k¦i mKj fvlv e¨envi K‡iB
Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡mm ev cÖwµqvKiY Kiv hvq| ZvB G‡K BDwbfvm©vj †KvW ev BDwb‡KvW ejv nq| BDwb‡KvW n‡jv 16
we‡Ui †KvW| A_©vr GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216 ev 65536 wU wfbœ Aÿi cÖKvk Kiv hvq|

18 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `iRvwU †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU myBP Ab Ki‡j `iRv Ly‡j hvq| Avevi `ywU myBP GKmv‡_ Ab ev Ad
Ki‡j `iRv Ly‡j bv| `iRvwU G·-Ai (X-OR) jwRK ‡MBU wb‡`©k K‡i|
X-OR ‡MBU Gi cÖZxK Ges mZ¨K mviwY wb¤œiƒc:
mZ¨K mviwY
A B A B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
X-OR Gi cÖZxK 1 1 0

18 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡K wØZxq `iRvi †h eY©bv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv jwRK¨vj AND ‡MBU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| wb‡P mZ¨K mviwYi
mvnv‡h¨ AND ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨Zv we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv:
mZ¨K mviwY:
A B X=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
AND ‡MB‡Ui jwRK mvwK©U|
1 0 0
1 1 1

mZ¨Zv we‡kølY: mZ¨K mviwY †_‡K †`Lv hvq `ywU BbcyU A Ges B Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 0 n‡j AvBUcyU X
Gi gvb 0 nq| wVK GKBfv‡e jwRKwUi `ywU myBP A Ges B GKB mv‡_ ON (1) _vK‡jB `iRv (AvDUcyU) ON
(1) n‡e| Ab¨_vq `iRvwU eÜ (0) _vK‡e|
 cÖkœ bs-19:
kwdK, wkdv Ges Zbq wZb R‡bi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡Z cÖvß b¤^i h_vµ‡g (1001000)2, (531)8Ges
(4A)16| (h‡kvi †evW©-2017)
K. msL¨v c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 1
L. (11)10msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Zbq Gi cÖvß b¤^i `kwgK c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K wkdvi cÖvß b¤^i n‡Z (1001000)2 msL¨vwU KZ †ewk ev Kg Zv wbY©q Ki| 4

19 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý, †gŠwjK wPý ev A¼ e¨envi K‡i msL¨v †jLv I cÖKvk Kivi c×wZB msL¨v c×wZ|

19 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- cwRkbvj c×wZ‡Z GKwU msL¨v †h cÖZxK¸‡jv w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq †mB cÖZxK¸‡jvi msL¨vi Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË
K‡i| msL¨vi gvb Kg †ewk n‡Z cv‡i GKwU msL¨vi gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jv
wbR¯^ gvb| msL¨v c×wZi wfwË Ges A¼¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb ev ¯’vbxq gvb| GLv‡b (11)10msL¨vwU `kwgK msL¨v
c×wZ| Gi wfwË n‡”Q 10| G c×wZ‡Z 0 _‡K 9 ch©šÍ †gvU 10 wU †gŠwjK A¼ Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| GRb¨
(11)10msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq|
19 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zbq Gi cÖvß b¤^i (4A)16| GLv‡b (4A)16 †K `kwgK c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
∴(4A)16 = 4×161+A×160
= 4×16+10×1
= 64+10
= (74)10
Zbq Gi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡Z `kwgK c×wZi msL¨vq cÖvß b¤^i (74)10|

19 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wkdvi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡Z cÖvß b¤^i (531)8
(531)8 = (?)10
= 5×82+3×81+1×80
= 5×64+3×8+1×1
= 320+24+1
= (345)10
†`qv Av‡Q, (1001000)2
(1001000)2= (?)10
∴(1001000)2 = 1×26+0×25+ 0×24+1×23+0×22+0×21+0×2°
= 1×64+0×32+0×16+1×8+0×4+0×2+0×1
= 64+0+0+8+0+0+0
= (72)10
∴ wkdv‡ii cÖvß b¤^vi n‡Z Kg Av‡Q = (345)10− (72)10
= (273)10

cÖkœ bs-20:
 wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3
K. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv Kx? 1
L. Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wWwRUvj wmMbvj Dc‡hvMx †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 †K wK ai‡bi †MU ejv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. ïay wPÎ-2 Gi †MBU Øviv wPÎ-3 Gi †MBU ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- Mathematics of logic bvgK MÖ‡š’ †h hyw³i aviYv cvIqv hvq Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb A¨vj‡Reiv D™¢vweZ
nq| RR© ey‡ji bvgvbymv‡i H A¨vj‡Reivi bvgKiY Kiv nq eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv| eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv g~jZ:
jwR‡Ki mZ¨ Ges wg_¨v GB `yB ¯Í‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i •Zwi n‡q‡Q|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY Kw¤úDUvi evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i|
evBbvwi msL¨vq e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jv (0 I 1) mn‡RB B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji mvn‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| •e`y¨wZK
wmMb¨vj Pvjy _vK‡j Ab Ges eÜ _vK‡j Ad Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUvi ev B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ `ywUi Ae¯’v
mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 0, G‡K OFF, LOW, FAISE wKsev NO ejv nq|
Ab¨wU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 1, G‡K ON, High, True wKsev Yes ejv nq| GB 0 ev 1 evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi
mv‡_ mvgÄb¨c~Y©| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi (267)10 †K Gb‡KvWvi bvgK GK ai‡bi eZ©bxi gva¨‡g evBbvwi‡Z iæcvšÍi
K‡i e¨envi K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Ges †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 n‡”Q NOR gate Avi wPÎ-2 n‡”Q NAND gate| NOR gate Ges NAND gate
`yBwU‡K mve©Rbxb †MBU ejv nq| meR©bxb †MBU Øviv mKj †gŠwjK †MBU mg~n ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| OR ‡MBU Gi
AvDUcyU ms‡KZ †K bU †MB‡Ui ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ Ki‡j NOR gate Gi KvR K‡i| OR gate + NOT gate
= NOR gate hw` A Ges B `ywU BbcyU nq Zvn‡j NOR gate x= A  B A_©vr ORgate Gi wecixZ BbcyU
A=B=0 n‡j AvDUcyU 1 mZ¨|
Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 0 (wg_¨v) n‡e|
Aciw`‡K DÏxc‡K wPÎ-2 n‡jv NAND gate| AND gate Gi AvDUcyU ms‡KZ‡K Not gate Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q
cÖevwnZ Ki‡j NAND gate Gi KvR nq| A_©vr AND gate +Not gate = NAND gate hw` A Ges B
`ywU BbcyU nq Zvn‡j NAND gate x = A.B A_©vr AND gate Gi wecixZ| G‡ÿ‡Î BbcyU A+B=1 n‡j
AvDUcyU 0 (wg_¨v) Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 1 (mZ¨) n‡e|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-2 Gi †MBU n‡”Q NAND gate Ges wPÎ -3 Gi †MBU n‡”Q XOR gate.
ïay wPÎ -2 A_©vr (NAND gate ) Øviv wPÎ- 3 Gi †MBU (XOR gate) ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e|
hw` A Ges B BbcyU nq Zvn‡j wPÎ-3 Gi †MBU

∴F=A⨁B
= AB  AB
= (AB).(AB)

ZLb jwRK wPÎ-2 A_©vr NAND gate Øviv F= A B.AB ev¯Íevqb wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
 cÖkœ bs-21:
AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m Qv·`i ej‡jb, Kw¤úDUvi A †K mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i bv eis G‡K GKwU jwRK mvwK©‡Ui
mvnv‡h¨ 8 we‡Ui we‡kl ms‡K‡Z K‡i ey‡S _v‡K| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb, D³ ms‡KZvqb c×wZ‡Z evsjv Kw¤úDUvi‡K
†evSv‡bv hvq bv| GRb¨ wfbœ GKwU ms‡KZvqb c×wZi cÖ‡qvRb nq| (wm‡jU †evW©-2017)
K. wW‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. PviweU †iwR÷v‡i PviwU wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K-eywS‡q †jL| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ jwRK mvwK©UwU eY©bv Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ms‡KZvqb c×wZ؇qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU myweavRbK †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wW‡KvWvi Ggb GKwU B‡jK‡UªvwbK hš¿ ev wWfvBm hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi
K‡i|
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- †g‡gvwi wWfvB‡mi ÿz`ªZg GKK n‡jv wd¬c-d¬c| †MBU GKwU wd¬c-d¬c †WUvi GKweU aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKvwaK
wd¬c d¬‡ci mgwó n‡jv †iwR÷vi| †iwR÷vi GKMy”Q wd¬c -d¬c Gi †MBU Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ mvwK©U †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU
wd¬c d¬c GKwU K‡i evBbvwi weU aviY K‡i _v‡K| nweU †iwR÷v‡i n msL¨K wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K Ges n weU evBbvwi
Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ PviweU †iwR÷v‡i PviwU wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K|
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m Qv·`i ej‡jb †h Kw¤úDUvi A -‡K mivmwi eyS‡Z bv cv‡ibv eis G‡K
GKwU jwRK mvwK©‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ 8 we‡Ui we‡kl ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i ey‡S _v‡K GB c×wZwU n‡jv Gb‡KvWvi,
Gb‡KvWvi Ggb GKwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm hv gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i|
GwU Gb‡KvWvi m‡e©v”P2nmsL¨K BbcyU n msL¨K AvDUcyU _v‡K| wb‡P AvUwU BbcyU †_‡K wZbwU AvDUcyU cvIqv
hvq Ggb ai‡bi GKwU AKU¨vj Gb‡KvWvi jwRK mvwK©U †`Iqv n‡j-
mZ¨K mviwYt
D0 → BbcyU AvDUcyU
D1 → D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A B C
D2 → 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
→A
D3 → 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Encoder → B
D4 → 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
→C
D5 → 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
D6 → 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
D7 → 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
wP‡Î: 8 Uz 3 jvBb A±vj Gb‡KvWvi 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

eywbqvb mgxKiY
A = D4+D5+D6+D7
 B = D2+D3+D6+D7
C = D1+D3+D5+D7

jwRK mvwK©Ut

21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi

- DÏxc‡Ki ms‡KZvqb c×wZ؇qi g‡a¨ 1 ms‡KZvqb n‡”Q AvmwK (ASCII) ‡KvW Ges 2q ms‡KZvqb n‡”Q
BDwb‡KvW (unicode)| Gb‡KvWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †h †Kv‡bv Avjdv wbD‡gwiK eY©‡K ASCII †Kv‡W cwiYZ Kiv
hvq| ASCII ‡KvW Kw¤úDUvi Ges BbcyU/ AvDUcyU Gi Rb¨ e¨eüZ hš¿ †hgb Kx-‡evW©, gvDm, gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi
BZ¨vw`i g‡a¨ Avjdv wbD‡gwiK Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b e¨eüZ nq| ASCII †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 28ev 256wU AwØZxq
wPý‡K wbw`©ó K‡i| ASCII †KvW ïaygvÎ Av‡gwiKvb Bswjk eY© wP‡ýi Gb‡KvWvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq hv Ab¨ †Kvb
fvlvi msM„nxZ nq bv Acviw`‡K unicode n‡jv mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvWhy³ unicode Gi gva¨‡g 216ev
63, 536 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
K¨v‡i±vi‡K †KvW Kivi Rb¨ 16 weUB e¨envi Kiv nq| BDwb‡Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ evsjvmn we‡k¦i kZ kZ fvlvi nvRvi
nvRvi eY©wP‡ýi e¨envi Kiv hvq| BDwbK †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ ÷vÛvW© †Kv‡W cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| myZivs Dcwi³ Av‡jvPbv
n‡Z ejv hvq DÏxc‡K ms‡KZvqb c×wZ‡Ø‡qi g‡a¨ ASCII ‡Kv‡Wi Zzjbvq BDwb‡KvW myweavRbK|

cÖkœ bs-22:
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: (wm‡jU †evW©-2017)

K. 2’ Gi cwic~iK Kx? 1
L. evBbvwi 1 + 1 I eywjqvb 1 + 1 GK bq-eywS‡q ej| 2
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i y Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki 2 I 3 bs wPwýZ †MBU؇qi cvi¯úwiK cwieZ©b †h jwRK mvwK©U cvIqv hvq Zv evBbvwi †hv‡Mi
eZ©bx‡Z e¨envi Dc‡hvMx-g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi

- ‡Kv‡bv evBbvwi msL¨vi 1 Gi evBbvwi cwic~iK Gi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j 2-Gi evBbvwi cwic~iK cvIqv hvq| 2 Gi
cwic~iK Rxe‡b abvZ¥K msL¨v cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ_‡g wPý weU 1 n‡e Ges cieZ©x AsKwU n‡e `kwgK msL¨vwUi
mgKÿ evBbvwi msL¨vi 2 Gi cwic~iK msL¨v|

22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi

- evBbvwi †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î 1+1 e¨eüZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î 1+1=0 Ges K¨vwi 1 nq| eyw jqvb †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î 1+1=1 nq|
G‡Z eySv hv‡”Q †h eywjqvb †hvM (+) wPý mvaviYZ + wPý‡K eySvq bv| eywjqvb †hvM‡K ejv nq Logical
Addition A_ev Logical OR Operation| G †_‡K eySv hvq †h, evBbvwi 1+1 I eywjqvb 1+1 GK bq|

22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi

DÏxcK Abymv‡i Y Gi mijK…Z gvb wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|

Y = AB  AB
= ABA B
= ABAB
= A A B B
= 1+1 [ ∵ A  A  1]
=1
22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡Ki 2 I 3 bs wPwýZ †nBU؇qi ci¯úvwiK cwieZ©‡b †h jwRK mvwK©U cvIqv hvq ZvB evBbvwi †hv‡Mi
cwie‡Z© e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv:

Y = (A  B)  (A  B)
= A.B  A.B
= AB  A.B
= AB
DÏxc‡K 2 I 3 bs †MBU؇qi (NAND) ‡MB‡Ui ¯’‡j OR ‡MBU cvi¯úvwiK cwieZ©b X-OR ‡MBU cvIqv hvq|
X-OR ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨K mviwY:
A B Y = A B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

X-OR ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨K mviwY evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bxi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| ZvB GwU evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bx‡Z e¨envi
Dc‡hvMx|
eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv
1| evBbvwi †hv‡M 1 + 0 + 1 =?
K) 10 L) 01
M) 00 N) 11

♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

2| ÒKÓ wP‡Îi AvDUcy‡U †hvMdj S Gi mgxKiY n‡eÑ
K) S  M  N L) S  M  N
M) S  M  N N) S  M  N
3| ÒLÓ wP‡Îi AvDUcyU K¨vwi C0=0 ‡c‡Z n‡j BbcyU M, N I CinGi gvb n‡Z n‡eÑ
i. M = 0, N = 1, Cin = 1
ii. M = 0, N = 1, Cin = 0
iii. M = 1, N = 0, Cin = 0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
4| (100101.101011)2 Gi †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡ji gvb KZ?
K) 25.AC L) 45.53
M) 37.53 N) 94.AC
5| (HF)16Gi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j KZ n‡e?
K) (HF)16 L) (2F)16
M) (20)16 N) (21)16
6| BDwb‡KvW KZ we‡Ui?
K) 4 L) 8
M) 6 N) 32
7|

DcwiD³ eZ©bxi AvDUcyU n‡eÑ

i. A + B ii. AB  AB
iii. A  B
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| (78)10 Gi BCD gvb KZ?
K) 01111001 L) 01111000
M) 01101000 N) 01101100
9| evsjv eY©gvjv †Kvb †KvWfz³?
K) BCD L) ASCII
M) UNICODE N) EBCDIC
10| mve©Rbxb †MBU †KvbwU?
 K) NOR L) AND
M) NOT N) OR
11| Ajdv wbD‡gwiK †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq-
i. ASCII code
ii. EBCDIC code
iii. Unicode
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
12| ASCII-8 †Kv‡W msL¨vm~PK weU KZwU
K) 2 L) 4
M) 8 N) 16

13| Dc‡ii wP‡Î AvDUcyyU n‡”Q-

i. X  Y
ii. X  Y
iii. XY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
■ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

14| wP‡Î Z Gi mgxKiY †KvbwU?

K) XY  XY L) XY  XY
M) XY  XY N) XY  XY
15| DÏxcKwU‡Z OR †MBUwUi ¯’‡j NOR Gate emv‡j djvdjwU †Kvb †MBUwUi mgvb?
K) NOR L) OR
M) XOR N) X-NOR
16| BDwb‡Kv‡Wi we‡Ui msL¨v KZ?
K) 4 L) 8
M) 16 N) 32
17| ‡Wwmgvj msL¨v c×wZi wfwË KZ?
K) 16 L) 10
M) 8 N) 2
18| wW-giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx cvB-
K) AB  A.B L) A  B  A  B
 M) AB  A  B N) A  B  A . B
19| †Kvb eZ©bx B eY©‡K ASCII -†Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i?
K) A¨vWvi L) Gb‡KvWvi
M) wW‡KvWvi N) KvD›Uvi
20| 16 jvBb Encoder -Gi †ÿ‡Î Output jvBb KqwU n‡e?
K) 2 L) 3
M) 4 N) 8
21| (11011110.1)2 Gi †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v †KvbwU?
K) DD.1 L) DE.1
M) DE.8 N) ED.8
22| wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gŠwjK gate?
K) NOT L) NOR
M) NAND N) X-NOR
23| (BFE)16Gi mgZzj¨ A±vj gvb KZ?
K) (5774)8 L) (5776)8
M) (5976)8 N) (101111111110)8
24| NOR †MB‡Ui AvDUcyU‡K NOT †MB‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kiv‡j †Kvb †MBU cvIqv hvq?
K) OR L) X-NOR
M) X-OR N) AND
25| F = A + AB + AB n‡j F Gi mijxK…Z gvb KZ?
K) O L) I
M) A N) B
26| †Kvb †KvW `kwgK msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi K‡i?
K) ASCII L) EBCDIC
M) UNICODE N) BCD
27| †Kvb mvwK©‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ †WUv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq?
K) †iwR÷vi L) KvD›Uvi
M) Gb‡KvWvi N) wW‡KvWvi
28|

wP‡Îi AvDUcyU n‡e-

K) AB L) AB
M) A B N) AB

♦ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

29| GLv‡b P = ?
K) X + YZ L) (X+Z)Y
M) XY + XZ N) XYZ
30| X = 0, Y = 1, Z = 1 n‡j P' = ?
K) P = 1, P = 1 L) P = 1, P = 0
M) P = 0, P = 1 N) P = 0, P = 0
♦ wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 31 I 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

31| F Gi gvb KZ?

K) B (F + A) L) A (B+C)
M) C (A + B) N) AC + B
32| 2 I 3 bs †MB‡Ui wKiƒc cwieZ©b Ki‡j F Gi gvb k~b¨ n‡e?
K) 2-†K NAND Ges 3-†K NOR Ki‡j
L) 2-†K NOR Ges 3-†K AND Ki‡j
M) 2-†K OR Ges 3-†K NAND Ki‡j
N) 2-†K NAND Ges 3-†K NAND Ki‡j
33| AND Ges NOT †MBU wg‡j †Kvb †MBU nq?
K) NOR L) NAND
M) OR N) X-OR
34| –5 Gi 2 Gi cwic~iK gvb KZ?
K) 1101 L) 1001
M) 1010 N) 1011
35| BCD †KvW KZ we‡Ui?
K) 2 L) 8
M) 8 N) 16
36| (82)10 msL¨vwU Dc¯’vcbvq e¨eüZ MVb n‡jvÑ
i. cÖK…Z gvb MVb
ii. 1-Gi cwic~iK MVb
iii. 2-Gi cwic~iK MVb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
37| †Kvb mvwK©‡U m‡e©v”P †lvjwU BbcyU †_‡K PviwU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq?
K) Gb‡KvWvi L) wW‡KvWvi
 M) †iwR÷vi N) KvD›Uvi
♦ wPÎwU †`L Ges 38 I 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

38| AvDUcyU F Gi gvb †KvbwU?

K) A  B  C L) A  B  C
M) A  B  C N) ABC
39| wP‡Î ' X' wPwýZ †MBU cwieZ©b K‡i †Kvb †MBU emv‡j AvDUcyU ABC n‡e?
K) NAND L) NOR
M) XOR N) XNOR
40| wg. myewi GKRb Qv·K eqm wRÁvmv Kivq †m ejj, evBbvwi‡Z Zvi eqm 10010| Zvi GB msL¨vi mv‡_
(1011)2 †hvM Ki‡j evBbvwi‡Z †hvMdj KZ n‡e?
K) 11001 L) 11101
M) 10011 N) 10111
41| (72)10 Gi BCD ‡KvW †KvbwU?
K) (11110)2 L) (111001)2
M) (111010)2 N) (01110010)2
42| MSB Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q-
K) Most Suitable Bit
L) Most Significant Bit
M) Maxinum Suitable Bit
N) Maxinum Significant Bit
43| AKU¨vj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 177 Gi c‡ii msL¨vwU KZ?
K) 178 L) 180
M) 200 N) 270
44| 762 msL¨vwU n‡Z cv‡i-
i. `kwgK
ii. AKU¨vj
iii. ‡n·v‡Wwmg¨vj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) iI ii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
♦ DÏxcKwU co Ges 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wkÿK Qv·K †ivj bs wRÁvmv Kij| QvÎwU evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z †ivj bs 1101 ejj|
45| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msL¨vi mv‡_ (10001)2 Gi †hvMdj KZ?
K) (01100)2 L) (10110)2
M) (10010)2 N) (11110)2
46| DÏxc‡Ki †ivj bs Gi mgKÿ msL¨v n‡jv-
 i. (13)10
ii. (11)16
iii. (15)8
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

♦ mZ¨K mviwYwU †`L Ges 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

BbcyU AvDUcyU
A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
47| DÏxc‡K †Kvb †MBUwUi AvDUcyU †`Iqv Av‡Q?
K) OR L) AND
M) NOT N) X-OR
48| wW-giM¨vb Gi Dccv`¨ †KvbwU?
K) AB = AB  AB L) AB  A  B
M) A  B  AB  AB N) A+AB=A
♦ jwRK wPÎwU †`L Ges wb‡Pi 49 I 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

49| Y Gi gvb †KvbwU?

K) A  B L) AB
M) A  B N) AB
50| Y=1 †c‡Z n‡j, A Ges B Gi gvb n‡e-
i. A=0, B=0
ii. A=0, B=1
iii. A=1, B=0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) iI iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
51| msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖavbZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
K) 2 L) 3
M) 8 N) 10
52| wb‡Pi †Kvb jwRK †MB‡Ui AvDUcyU Bbcy‡Ui wecixZ?
K) AND L) OR
M) NOT N) X-OR
53| cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU msL¨vi gvb wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ `iKvi-
i. msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi wbR¯^ gvb
ii. msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi ¯’vbxq gvb
iii. msL¨v c×wZi †eR ev wfwË
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
54| X-OR †MBU •Zwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq-
i. OR Gate
ii. AND Gate
iii. NOT Gate
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
55| F  ABC  ABC Gi mijxK…Z gvb †KvbwU?
K) A  B  C L) ABC
M) ABC N) A+B+C
56| (12)10 Gi mgKÿ evBbvwi †KvbwU?
K) (1101)2 L) (1100)2
M) (1111)2 N) (1010)2
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

57| DÏxc‡Ki AvDUcyU F Gi mijxK…Z gvb †KvbwU

K) A  B  C L) A + B + C
M) ABC N) A  B  C

58| DÏxc‡K Gi ¯’‡j emv‡j F Gi mijxK…Z gvb wb‡Pi †KvY †MBU‡K mg_©b K‡i?
K) OR L) AND
M) NOT N) NOR
59| A djvdj n‡Z cv‡i hLb
i. A+A+A
ii. A.A
iii. A  A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
60| †Kvb jwRK †MB‡Ui BbcyU I AvDUcyU jvBb mgvb _v‡K?
K) AND L) OR
 M) NOT N) NAND
61| F  AB.BC Gi mijxK…Z gvb †KvbwU?
K) AB.BC L) ABC
M) AB+AC N) ABC
62| (111011)2Gi mgKÿ †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v †KvbwU?
K) E3 L) E8
M) EC N) CE
63| c¨vwiwU weUhy³ †KvW KZ we‡Ui?
K) 3 L) 4
M) 7 N) 8
64| 16 BbcyU wewkó Gb‡KvWv‡ii AvDUcyU msL¨v KZwU n‡e?
K) 2 L) 3
M) 4 N) 5
65| evsjv fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i AšÍf©y³ Kivi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi †KvW e¨envi nq?
K) BCD L) ASCII
M) EBCDIC N) Unicode
66| A+BC KZ?
K) (A+B)+(AC) L) (A+C)+(AB)
M) (A+B) (A+C) N) (A+B)+(A+C)
67| hw` wZb BbcyU OR ‡M‡Ui AvDUcyU 0 (k~b¨) Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e?
K) mKj BbcyU 0 (k~b¨) Ki‡Z n‡e
L) mKj BbcyU 1 Ki‡Z n‡e
M) †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 0 (k~b¨) Ki‡Z n‡e
N) †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 1 Ki‡Z n‡e
68| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki|

F Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?

K) A.B  AB L) A  B
M) A  B N) AB A.B
69| A +BC = (A+B) (A+C) Dccv`¨wU n‡jv-
K) wewbgq L) Abyl½
M) †gŠwjK N) wefvRb
70| `kwgK msL¨v 12 Gi 2’s complement KZ?
K) 00001100 L)11111100
M)11110011 N)11110100
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z 71 I 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

71| DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxwUi Q-Gi gvb KZ?

K) 0 L) 1
M) M N) M+N
72| DÏxc‡Ki OR ‡MBUwUi cwie‡Z© †Kvb †MU e¨envi Ki‡j me©`v Q=0 n‡e?
K) AND L)NOR
M)XOR N)XNOR
73| †h jwRK eZ©bx Avjdv wbD‡gwiK K¨v‡i±i‡K evBbvwi †Kv‡W cwiYZ K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) †iwR÷vi L) Gb‡KvWvi
M) wW‡KvWvi N) KvD›Uvi
74| †KvbwU †gŠwjK Dccv`¨?
K) A+1=A L) A+0=A
M) A+A=0 N) A+A=1
75| 111 msL¨vwU n‡Z cv‡i-
i. evBbvwi
ii. AKUvj
iii. ‡Wwmgvj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU Abymv‡i 76 I 77 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A I B `yÕwU eZ©bxi cÖ_gwU `yÕwU msL¨v Kw¤úDUv‡i †evaMg©¨fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ges AciwU msL¨v `yÕwUi
¸Ydj †ei Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
76| B eZ©bxwU n‡jv-
K) A¨vWvi L) Gb‡KvWvi
M) †iwRóvi N) KvD›Uvi
77| A eZ©bxwU n‡jv-
K) gwbU‡i L) Kx †ev‡W©
M) wcÖ›Uv‡i N) ¯úxKv‡i
78| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ Ki|
 wP‡Îi jwRK mvwK©UwUi AvDUcyU X Gi gvb n‡e-
K) A + B L) 𝐴 + 𝐵
M) 𝐴 + B N) A + 𝐵
79| (37.125)10 - Gi evBbvwi gvb KZ?
K) 100101.01 L) 100101.001
M) 1010001.01 N) 1010001.001
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcK †`L Ges 80 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

80| DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxq AvDUcy‡Ui mijxK…Z gv‡bi eZ©bx n‡Z cv‡i-

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
81| wW‡KvWv‡ii BbcyU msL¨v 4 n‡j AvDUcyU n‡e-
K) 4 L) 8
M) 16 N) 32
82| a=1, b=0 Gi Rb¨ a+b=?
K) 0 L) 1
M) 0, 1 N) 1, 0
83| (1010)2Gi mgZzj¨ gvb-
i. (10)10
ii. (12)8
iii. (14)16
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
84| ‡KvbwU NAND ‡MBU?

K) L)

M) N)
85| DcvË I Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ-
i. wd¬c-d¬c
 ii. A¨vWvi
iii. ‡iwRóvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
86| 1, 8, F avivwUi cieZ©x gvb KZ?
K) A L) B
M) 16 N) 22
87| (100)2 Ges (AA)16 Gi †hvMdj KZ
K) 1AA L) 1 B
M) AF N) AE
88| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUv‡i mKj Bs‡iwR eY©‡K Aš‘f~©³ Kiv hvq-
i. ASCIl Øviv
ii. EBCDIC Øviv
iii. Unicode Øviv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
89| Gb‡KvWv‡ii BbcyU n‡”Q-
i. A±vj msL¨v
ii. `kwgK msL¨v
iii. ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
90| NOR Gi AvDUcyU 0 (k~Y¨) n‡e hLb-
i. †h †Kvb GKwU BbcyU 0 (k~Y¨)
ii. me¸‡jv BbcyU 1
iii. †h †Kvb GKwU BbcyU 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 91 I 92 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. AvwZK Kvgvj‡K ejj, Ò‡Zvgvi eqm KZ?Ó Kvgvj ejj †h Zvi eqm (101101)2|
91| Kvgv‡ji eq‡mi mgKÿ msL¨v n‡jv-
K) (25)5 L) (35)8
M) (55)8 N) (65)8
92| `k eQi ci Kvgv‡ji eqm evBbvwi‡Z KZ n‡e?
K) (101011)2 L) (101110)2
M) (101111)2 N) (110111)2
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 93 I 94 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

93| Dc‡ii wPÎwU ‡Kvb †M‡Ui mgZzj¨?

K) NOT L) AND
M) OR N) NOR
94| Y Gi gvb 1 n‡e hw`-
i. A=0, B=1
ii. A=0, B=0
iii. A=1, B=0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
95| A±vj msL¨vi †eR KZ?
K) 2 L) 8
M) 10 N) 16