DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL, POLYMER, AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE (KSK CAMPUS)

ChE 304: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-II Date: December 31, 2018

th
Session: 2016, 5 Semester Time Allowed: 90 Minutes
Examination: Final-term exam Total Marks: 40
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Note: Label the question number in the answer sheet properly (as mentioned here).

Question No. 1: (20 Marks) CLO-1

(C2 level)
Q 1.1: (10)

Fugacity coefficient and the activity coefficient are they key concepts in solution
thermodynamics that incorporate the deviation of the components from their ideal state.
With the help of appropriate mathematical expressions (wherever required), answer
following questions.
a. differentiate between these two concepts (5)
b. briefly describe their role in the equilibrium calculations (5)

Q 1.2: (10)

a. Why is the Carnot cycle not a realistic model for steam power plants? (5)
b. Explain the isentropic efficiency of a compressor with the help of Ts diagram. (5)

Question No. 2: (20 Marks) CLO-3

(C4 level)
In an attempt to improve the efficiency of an existing steam power plant, the process
engineer is looking for multiple option such as

Case-1: Raise the boiler pressure to allowable limit

Case-2: Superheat the steam to allowable limit
Case-3: Simultaneously raise boiler pressure and steam temperature to allowable limits
Case-4: Bleed steam, as of case-3, after expanding in the high pressure section to 30
bar, reheat it back to 600 oC, and then expand in the low pressure section.

In the base case, steam enters the turbine at 86 bar and 500 oC and is condensed in the
condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. The design of power plant limits the pressure and
temperature not to exceed 100 bar and 600 oC, respectively. Engineer assigned the task to
two internees to investigate the possibility of efficiency improvement using above mentioned
methods. Both internees made calculations based on the Rankine cycle considering pump
and turbine isentropic efficiency of 85 % and presented the results to engineer as tabulated
below.

Internee A Internee B
Case No Cycle Steam quality at Cycle Steam quality at
efficiency (%) turbine outlet efficiency turbine outlet
Base 33.62 0.885 30.51 0.880
Case-1 34.50 0.861 34.05 0.874
Case-2 34.94 0.934 34.53 0.911
Case-3 35.36 0.924 35.00 0.915
Case-4 37.65 0.996 38.8 0.986

Determine, for each case, which of the internee got the correct result.