Ref

erenceNo:
KLL-
FO-
ACAD-
000|
Eff
ect
ivi
tyDat
e:August3,
2020|
Rev
isi
onsNo.
:00

VI
SION MI
SSI
ON
Acent
erofhumandev elopmentcommi t
tedtot
hepur suitofwi
sdom,tr
uth, Est
abli
shandmai nt
ainanacademicenvi
ronmentpromoti
ngthepur
suitof
j
usti
ce,pr
ide,
digni
ty,andlocal
/gl
obalcompet
iti
venessv i
aaqual
i
tybut excel
lenceandthetot
aldevel
opmentofitsst
udentsashumanbeings,
affor
dableeducati
onforall
qual
if
iedclients. wi
thfearofGodandloveofcountr
yandf el
l
owmen.

GOALS
Kol
ehi
yongLungsodngLi paaimst o:
1. f ost
erthespir
it
ual,i
ntel
lectual,social
,moral
,andcreati
vel i
feofitscli
entviaaf
fordablebutqual i
tyterti
aryeducation;
2. pr ovi
dethecli
entswithr eachandsubst anti
al,
relevant
,wider angeofacademi cdiscipli
nes,exposet hem tovariedcurri
cul
arandco-cur
ri
cul
ar
experi
enceswhichnurtureandenhancet hei
rpersonaldedicati
onsandcommi tmentst osocial
, moral,cul
tur
al,andeconomi ctr
ansfor
mati
ons.
3. wor kwiththegovernmentandt hecommuni tyandt hepursuitofachievi
ngnati
onal development algoals;
and
4. dev el
opdeservingandqual if
iedclient
swithdif
ferentski
ll
sofl i
feexistenceandprepar ethem forlocalandglobal competi
ti
veness

Lear
ningModule
i
n
GEE103
Phi
li
ppinePopularCul
tur
e

Name:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
(
Lastname,
Fir
stNameMI
.)

Cour
se,
Year&Sect
ion:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
Addr
ess:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

MODULE

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
 MODULE
Lesson3
FI
RSTSemester
,AY2020-
2021

I
. COURSECODE/
TITLE:GEE103/
Phi
l
ippi
nePopul
arCul
tur
e

I
I. SUBJECTMATTER

Topi
cs Ti
me-
Frame

TheGeogr
aphyoft
hePhi
l
ippi
nes: 5hr
s.
 Locat
ionandCl
i
mat
e
 Ri
verandFl
uvi
alSy
stem
 Admi
nist
rat
iveDi
vi
sions
 Nat
ural
Resour
ces
 Coast
li
nes
 Vol
canoesandEar
thquake

I
II
. COURSEOUTCOME

Att
heendoft hecourse,youareexpect edto:
1.Explaint hemeani ngofpopul arculture.
2.Discusst heimportanceofstudy ingpopularcultur
e.
3.Identifyanddescr ibethedif
ferentpopul arcul
turethatexistandpr acti
cesbythe
ordinaryFi l
ipi
nosinv ari
ousfields.
4.Appr eciatethediversit
yanduni quenessofPhi li
ppinepopul arcul
ture.
5.Creat eapr omotionalvideothatshowt hediff
erentPhil
ippinepopul arcul
tur
e.

Lear
ningOut
comes:
Attheendofthelesson,
youshoul
dbeableto:
1.Descr
ibet
hef eat
uresofPhi
li
ppi
neGeographyi
ndi
ff
erentaspect
s.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
I
V. ENGAGEMENT
Tr
ythi
sout
!Thi
nkwi
sel
yandmakeani
ceguess.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
 TheGeogr
aphyoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes

Locat
ionandCl
imat
e
Locat edint hecont i
nentof  
Asia, Phili
ppi nes cov ers298, 170squar ekilomet er
sof
l
andand1, 830squar eki lomet ersofwat er ,maki ngi tthe73r dlar gestnat i
oni nthewor l
d
withat otal areaof300, 000squar ekilomet ers.
Rel ativeLocat ioni sthel ocationbasedont hev ici
nal l
ocat ionandt heinsular
l
ocationoft hepl acebei ngident i
fied.
Thecount riesnor thoft hePhi lippinesar eTai wan, Chi na, andJapan, i
ntheeast
areMar ianaI sl
ands, Pal auandGuam, i
nt hesout har eMal aysia, Brunei,andI ndonesia,
Whileint hewestar eThai l
and, Laos, Cambodi a,andVi etnam.
Thebodi esofwat eraroundt hePhi li
ppi nesar eBashi Channel ont henor t
h,
Pacif
icOceanont heeast ,
CelebesSeaont hesout h,andWestPhi l
ippineSeaont he
west.
Absol uteLocat ionr eferstot heexactl ocationofapl aceusi ngagl obeoramap.
ThePhi li
ppi nesi slocat edont henor thernpar toft heEquat or.I
ti sbet weent heTr opic
ofCancerandt heEquat or.I
tis4˚ 23”and21˚ 25” northlatitudeandbet ween116˚and
127˚eastl ongitude.
The  climat e oft hePhi li
ppi nesi stropical andst rongl ymonsoonal (i.e.
,wet-dry)
.In
general,rain-bearingwi ndsbl owf r
om t hesout hwestf rom appr oxi matelyMayt o
October ,anddr ierwi ndscomef r
om t henor theastf rom Nov embert oFebr uary.
Thus, temper atur esremai nr elativelyconst antf rom nor tht osout hdur i
ngt he
year,andseasonsconsi stofper iodsofwetanddr y.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
Ri
verandFl
uvi
alSy
stem

ThePhi l
i
ppineshas412pr incipalri
ver
basinsin119pr oclai
medwat ersheds.Ofthese,19areconsi deredmaj orr i
verbasins.
Thel ongestr
iveristheCagay ani nRegionII
.
Otheri
mpor tantriver
si nLuzonincludetheAgnoandPampanga, crossi
ngt he
plai
nsofCent r
al Luzon;thePasi g,acommer ci
allyi
mpor tantarter
yf l
owi ngt hr
ought he
centerofMetroMani l
a,provi
dingt hemaindrainageout l
etformostoft hewat erways;
andt heBicol
,thepr i
maryr i
verofRegionV.Thepr i
ncipalri
verofMi ndanaoi stheRio
GrandedeMi ndanao, whichr eceivest
hewat ersofthePul angiandtheAgusan.

Admini
str
ati
veDivi
sions
Phi
l
ippi
neGov er
nmentAdmi
nist
rat
iveDi
vi
sionsandI
tsPur
poses

The Phili
ppines i
scomposedofdi ff
erent 
gov
ernment administrati
vedivisions
asidefrom its3equal l
ysupr emebranchesknownast heExecutiveBr anch,Legi slat
ive
Branchandt heJudiciar
yBr anch.ThePhili
ppineAdminist
rat
ivedi
v i
sionsar ecommonl y
knownast heLocal  
Gov ernment 
Units(LGU).TheLocalGovernmentUni t
saref ur t
her
categorizedintoAutonomousRegi on,Provi
nces,Munici
pali
ti
esorCi t
iesandBar angays.
Thepr esidentonlyexercisesGeneralSupervisi
onontheAdmi ni
strati
vedi vi
sions.The
l
ocal gov er
nmentuni tscanonl yenj
oylocalautonomy.Itai
dsthegov er nmentin

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
carr
y i
ngoutit
spur poseandf unct
ionssoAdministr
ativeDivi
sionsonlyhaveauthori
ty
l
imitedtoAdmi ni
strat
ivefuncti
onsli
kecoll
ecti
onoft axes,i
mpl ementi
ngpoli
ciesand
theli
kebuttherearealway sexcepti
onstothi
srulejustli
keprov i
nceshavi
ngtheirown
l
egislat
ivebodi
es.
GovernmentAdmi nist
rati
veDi v
isi
onLevel
s

Aut
onomousRegi on
 Au t
onomousRegionofMusl i
m Mindanao (
ARMM)i stheonlyautonomous
regi
onhereint
hePhi l
i
ppines.Thi
sregionisgi
vena speci
al 
pri
vi
legeofhavi
ng
additi
onal
power.Theytechni
call
yhavehigherpowersthantheotherLGUs.

Pr
ovi
nces
 Ap ar
tf r
om thespecialAutonomousRegi on,Provinceshav ethehighestl
evelof
polit
icalpoweramongt headmi nist
rati
vedivisi
onsoft hePhilippi
nes.However,
provincesalsoform partofther egul
arregionsoft hePhi l
i
ppines.Provi
ncesare
headedbyGov ernorsandtheyhav ethei
rownl egislati
vedepar t
mentknownas
theSangguni angPanlal
awi gan.Thepr ovi
nce’slegislat
ureisresponsibl
efor
maki ngOr di
nancesandResol utionsforthebenef i
toft hei
rrespecti
veprovi
nces.
It
spower sanddutiesaregov ernedbyt heLocal Gov er
nmentCodeof1991.

 TheSangguni
angPanl
alawi
gani
sresponsi
blef
ormai
ntai
ningpeaceandor
deri
n
thewholepr
ovi
nceaswellasr
evi
ewi
ngt
heci
tyor
dinancespassedbyt
he
Sangguni
angPanl
ungsod.

 Theyal
sohav
ethepowert
oimposef
inesonv
iol
ator
sofpr
ovi
nci
alor
dinances
andotherf
inesdeemednecessar
ytopr
omot
ecommongoodandpeaceand
orderi
nthecommunity
.

Ci
ti
es&Municipal
it
ies
 Provi
ncesarecomposedofthediff
erentt
ownsandci ti
eswithi
nt hem.Acityi
s
headedbytheCityMayorandhissubordi
nates.Thecityisconsidereda
corpor
ateenti
tysoi
thasthepowert opurchase,take,
receiv
e,acquireand
di
sposeassetsfort
hebenefitoft
hepubli
c.Theyar eev enenti
tl
edt othepower
ofEminentDomainwheretheycanseizeapr i
vatepropertyf
orpubl i
cuse.

 Ci
ti
eshav
ingapopul
ati
onofatl
east250,
000ar
eent
it
ledt
ohav
eone
r
epr
esent
ati
vei
ntheCongr
essort
he 
House 
ofRepr
esent
ati
ves.

 Ci
ti
esar
eal
socat
egor
izedi
ntot
hreet
ypesandt
heyar
easf
oll
ows:
Highl
y
UrbanizedCi t
ies,I
ndependentComponentCi ti
esandComponentCi ties.Acity
canonl ybecl assi
fi
edashighlyurbani
zedifitspopul
ati
onexceeds200, 000
resi
dent sasv eri
fi
edbytheNat i
onalStat
isti
csoffi
ceandshoul dhaveitslat
est
yearl
yincomeofP500, 000,
000.00.AsforIndependentCit
ies,
itmusthav eat
l
east150, 000r esi
dent
sandanannual i
ncomeofatl eastP350,000,
000.00.Cit
ies
nothav i
ngt hesequali
fi
cati
onsareconsideredcomponentci t
ies.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
Bar
angay
 Th isisthesmall
estLocalGovernmentUnitinthePhili
ppi
nes.Itisheadedbya
BarangayCapt
aintogetherwithBarangayCouncil
ors.Thei
rfunctioni
sto
promotepeaceandor deri
nasmal lerscope.Theyareenti
tl
edt ohavethei
rown
ri
skreducti
onteam thatwil
lcatert
ot heneedsoftheirr
esi
dents.

 Theyassi
stt
heCi
tyOf
fi
cial
sini
mpl
ement
ingor
dinancesandr
esol
uti
ons.
Barangayshaveagr eatr
oleint
hesuccessf
ulimpl
ement
ati
onofordi
nances
becauseitisr
elat
ivelysmall
inscopet
husitcanbemorecont
rol
l
ablethant
hat
ofthehigherl
evel
sofLGUs.

Nat
uralResour
ces 

Bodi esofWat er
The  Philippines  boastofmanydi ff
er entki ndsofnat ural wat erforms, such
as bay s,rivers,lakesf alls,gul fs,straits,andswamps.Becausei ti smadeupofi sl
ands,
thecount ry'
scoast li
ne, iflaidend- to- end, woul dmeasur ear ound17. 5t housand
kil
omet ers.ThePhi li
ppi nesi sblessedwi thexcel lentnat ur al harbor sforpor ts
l
ike Mani l
aBay .Ot herexcel lenthar bor swi thpor tpot entialsar ef oundi nIlocos,
Pangasi nan, Visay as, andMi ndanao.Thet hreel ar gestr i
v ersi nt hecount r
yar e
the Cagay anRi ver inNor ther nLuz on, the RioGr andedeMi ndanao, andt heAgusanRi ver,
alsoi nMi ndanao.Al sonot ewor t
hyi nt ermsofsi zear et heAgno, Pasig, Angat
Pampanga, andBi col ri
ver si nLuz on.Mostpopul aramongt our i
sti sthef amous
under groundr i
v erinPal awan.Asi def rom rivers, thecount ryal soaboundswi t
hlakes.
Easilyt hemostf amousi st hehear t-shapedLagunadeBay .Ot herf amousl akesareTaal
i
nBat angas, Sampal oci nLaguna, Buhi andBul usani nBi col ,Nauj ani nMi ndorooriental,
andLanaoandMai nitinMi ndanao.Gener atingpowerf ort heNat ion’
sgr owt harethe
magni f
icentwat erfall
st hatser veast ouri
st  
at t
ract ions, aswel l.Thebi ggestiswat er
falls
i
st he Mar i
aCr ist i
naf alls,itcanbef oundi nt heNor thWest ernpar tofLanaopr ovi
ncei n
Mi ndanao, whilet hemostpopul ari sPagsanj anf al l
sinLaguna, wher et ouristcamei n
drov es.

Nat uralResour ces

ThePhi li
ppinesi sr i
chinnat uralresour ces.Ithasf er
ti
le,arablelands,diverse
floraandf auna, ext ensi
vecoast li
nes, andr ichmi neraldeposits.About30%oft heland
ar eaoft hecount r
ywasdet erminedbegeol ogicall
yprospectivebyt hePhi li
ppineMi nes
andGeo- Sciences  Bureau.ButOnl y1. 5%ofcount r
y'slandareai scoveredwi thmi ning
per mits.Despitether i
chnat uralr
esour cesoft hePhi l
ippi
nes, t
hegov ernmenti s
rest r
icti
ngitsexpl oitati
on.Al oggingbani si mposedonmanyar easoft hecount ryand
onl yinselectareasar e"sustainableloggi ng"allowed.Howev erill
egalloggingandsmal l
-scaleill
egal miningcont i
nuesi smanyar eas.I nJuly2012, PresidentBeni gno Aquino II
I
or deredast opt oal lminingact i
vi
tiesinal l(78ar eas)protectedandeco- t
ourism sites.A
posi ti
vestepi nther i
ghtdirecti
ont opr otectt henaturalresourcesoft hePhi l
ippines.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
OurLand
ThePhili
ppines’pri
mar ysourceofl i
vel
ihoodisitsfert
il
eland.Rich,wi
depl ai
ns
suit
abl
ef orfarmingarefoundi ntheCagay anVal l
ey,Central
Luzon, SouthwesternBicol
,
Panay,Negros,Dav ao,Cotabato,AgusanandBuki dnon.Thecount ry‘ssixmajorcrops
are 
ri
ce, 
corn, 
sugarcane,
 coconut, 
abaca and 
tobacco.Exceptf orr
iceandcorn, al
l
theseproductsareexpor t
ed,alongwith bananas andpineapples.

 
OurFor est
s
ThePhil
ippi
nesalsoboastsofwidetract
soflush,greenf
orest
s.I
nfact,
almost
hal
foft hecountr
y’st
otall
andareaisforest
ed.Sixt
ypercentoft
hesefor
estsarefound
i
nMi ndanao.

Mineralresources
Exceptforpet r
oleum andanumberofmet al
s, mineralresour cesaboundi n
Phil
ippi
nesoi l
.Thecount ry’
smi ner aldepositscanbecl assifiedint omet alsandnon-
metals.Ourmet aldeposi tsareest imatedat21. 5 
bill
i
on met ri
ctons, whil
enon- metal
depositsareprojectedat19. 3 bi
lli
on met ri
ct ons. 
Nickel 
ranksf i
r stintermsofdeposi ts
andsize,itisf
oundi nSur i
gaodel Norte,Davao, Palawan,Rombl onandSamar .Ir
oni s
foundinIlocosNor t
e, Nuev aEcija,Camar i
nesNor teandCot abat o.Whi l
e copper 
in
Zambal es,Bat
angas, Mi ndoro,PanayandNegr os.Amongnon- met aldeposits,
the
most  
abundant arecement ,l
ime, andmar bl
e.Ot hernon-met alsincl ude 
asbestos,clay,
guano, 
asphalt,fel
dspar, sulf
ur,talc,sil
icon,phosphat e,
andmar ble.

FisheryResources
Wi
thit
st err
it
ori
alwater
smeasuri
ngasmuchas1. 67mill
i
onsquareki
lometers
andl ocat
edinthewor l
dsf i
shi
ngcent
er,
thePhili
ppi
nesisdefi
nit
elyr
ichi
nmar i
ne
resources.Ofthe2,400fi
shspeci
esfoundinthecountr
y. 65havegoodcommer ci
al
value.Othermar i
neproductsi
ncl
ude 
coral
s,
 pear
ls,
crabsandseaweeds.Someoft he

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
countr
iesbestsaltwaterfishi
ngar ea’
sar efoundinSintangkiIsl
andinSuluEst
anciai
n
Bohol,Malampay ai
nPalawan, LingayenGul finPangasinan,SanMi guel
lakei
n
CamarinesNor t
e,Bant
ay anChannel i
n Cebu,andtheseasofQuezonandSor sogon.
Ontheotherhand, amongourbi ggestfi
sherwaterfishi
ngareasareLagunade
Bay,BombonLakei nBat angas, 
Bat o 
LakeinCanmar inesSur ,
NaujanLakeinMindoro
andMai ni
tlakeinAgusandel Nor t
e.

Coast
li
nes

SeaAr
eas
Bay sandCoast alWat ers 
coveranar eaof266, 000km² ,whil
eoceani cwat er
s
cover1, 934,000km² .Thet otall
engthoft hecoast l
ineis36,289km.t hePhi l
ippine
coast l
inei sirr
egul ar,wit
hnumer ousbay s,gulf
s,andi sl
ets.Mani l
aBay ,ashel t
ered
harbor ,isthecount ry’
sbusi estcommer cialhub.About60per centofPhi l
i
ppine
muni cipalit
iesandci ti
esar ecoastal,with10oft hel ar
gestciti
eslocat edalongt hecoast.
Thesecoast alcit
iesandmuni ci
pali
ti
esar einhabitedbyabout60per centoft hetotal
popul ation.
Mani laBayi sani mpor t
anteconomi cresour cewithcompet i
nguses.The
surroundi ngcat chmentar eacov ersabout17, 000km²andi shomet oanest imated16
mill
ionpeopl e.Thel ar
gesthar borinthecount r
yi slocatedinMani laBaywi t
hpr imary
portser v i
cescat eringtobot hnat i
onalandi nt
ernationalmar i
ti
met r
affic.I
ncr easi
ng
urbani zati
onhasdamagedt hecoastal habitatsandest uari
es, whichser veasspawni ng
groundsofmanyeconomi callyimportantf i
shes.
Sour ce:Phi l
ippines:Env i
ronmentMoni tor2003

Wat erQual ity

EMBmoni toredat otal of39bay sandcoast sint hePhi l
ippinesf oral ongt i
me
andr egularlysi nce1996.Mani l
aBayhasi tsownmoni toringpr ogram.Exceptf orPuerto
GaleraBay ,whi chi sapr otectedseascape, thedat aindicat edt hat64per centhadDO
l
evelsbel ow5mg/ l,themi ni
mum cr iteri
onsetf orwat erssui tableasat our i
stzone,
fi
sher yspawni ngar ea, andcont actrecreati
onorswi mmi ngar ea.Inthecoast sof
Mandauet oMi ngl anill
ai nCebu( CentralVisayas),DOl ev elsvar i
edfrom 0t o14mg/ l
,
whichi ndicatet hatt heecosy stem isal r
eadyunder going“ str
ess”dur ingcer tainperiods.
Excepti nCawacawa( ZamboangaCi t
y),t
hemaxi mum v al
uesofBODwer eall
withinthecr i
terionsetf orCl assSBwat ersof5mg/ 1.Mani l
aBayhasBODl ev el
sthat
aregener allywi thinf i
sher ywat erqual i
tycrit
eri
on.Howev er,seasonal highor ganic
l
oadi ngsf rom r iversdrai ningi ntothebay sandi npar ticular,Mani l
aBay ,alsor esul
tin
harmf ulalgal blooms( HABs)t hatposeacont i
nuingt hreatt omar i
ner esour cesand
publicheal th.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
Fi
gur
e1:
Tot
alCol
i
for
m ofBat
hingBeachesi
nMani
l
aBay1998-
2001

Fi
gur
e2:
Fecal
Col
i
for
m countofBat
hingBeachesi
nMani
l
aBay
,1998–2001

Sour
ce:
DENR-
Env
ironmentManagementBur
eau

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
Vol
canoesandEar
thquake

Acti
vevol canoesi nt hePhi l
ippines
Locatedint hePaci f
icOcean’sRi ngofFi r
e,vol
canicandsei smicactivi
ti
escan
occurany t
imei nthePhi li
ppines,whichhas23act i
vev ol
canoes–anumbert hatcan
sti
ll
increase,accor dingt othecount ry
’sv ol
canologi
sts.
MANI LA,Phi l
ippines–Oft heknownact ivevol
canoesi nthePhi l
i
ppines,Mount
May onisthemostact ive,havingerupted48t imessinceitsfir
strecordederupti
onin
1616.
Thewor ster uptionofMay onVol canohappenedov er200y ear
sago, onFebruary
1,1814.Itkil
led1,200peopl eandpar t
lydestroyedtheCagsawachur ch.(READ: 
Looking
back:May onVol cano’ smostdest r
uctiveerupti
on)
Thesecondmostact
ivevol
canoisTaal Vol
canoinBat
angasprov
incewith33
r
ecor
dederupti
ons.Taal
hasthedist
inct
ionofbeingcl
osestt
othecountr
y’scapi
tal
r
egi
on,MetroManil
a,amongtheacti
vevolcanoes.
AfterTaal,
thenextmostact
ivev
olcanoi
sMountKanl
aoni
nNegr
osi
slandwi
th
26r
ecor
deder upti
ons.
I
nall,thePhi l
ippineInsti
tut
eofVolcanologyandSeismology( Phi
volcs)is
monitori
ng23act iv
ev olcanoes.
ButPhi vol
csDi rectorRenatoSoli
dum saysthi
snumbercoul dst i
l
lincreasegiven
thecountry’
sl ocati
onwi t
hinthePacif
icOcean’s 
RingofFi
re,
 a40,000-cir
cleof
i
nterconnectedf aultli
nesar oundthePacif
icOcean,whereotherseismicactivit
iessuch
asearthquakesal sooccuronadai lybasi
s.

Wheni
savol
canoconsi
der
edact
ive?
“Av ol
canoisconsi
deredacti
veifi
thaserupt
edwithi
nthelast10,
000year
s
(
meaningther
ewasawi tness)ori
fithasaradi
ometri
cdateofi
tsdepositwhi
chisl
ess
t
han10,000year
s,”Sol
i
dum explai
ned.
MtPinat
ubo,fori
nst
ance,hadnowri
tt
enrecordoferupt
ionpri
orto1991.I
twas
consi
deredanactiv
ev ol
canosince1987mai
nlybecauseoftheCarbon14dateshowi
ng
i
tlasterupt
edaround600y ear
sago.
WhenPhiv
olcsrai
sedan 
aler
twarni
ng f
orapossibl
eerupti
onofMtPinat
uboi n
Apri
l1991,t
hereweresomewhodi dnotbel
ievei
tbecauseofthe“l
ackofexper
ienced
er
uption,
”Sol
idum sai
d.

Ear
thquake

An ear t
hquake isaweakt oviol
entshaki
ngoft hegroundpr oducedbythe
suddenmov ementofr ockmateri
alsbelowtheeart
h’ssurface.
Theearthquakesor i
ginateint
ectonicpl
ateboundary.Thef ocusispoi nti
nsi
det heear
th
wheretheear t
hquakest art
ed,sometimescall
edthe hypocent er,
andt hepointonthe
surf
aceoft heearthdirectl
yabovethefocusiscal
ledt he 
epi cent
er.
Therear etwoway sbywhichwecanmeasur ethestr engthofanear t
hquake:

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
magni tudeandi ntensity.
 Magnitude  ispropor ti
onal t
ot heenergyreleasedbyan
earthquakeatt hef ocus.Itiscalculatedf rom ear t
hquakesr ecordedbyani nstrument
call
edsei smogr aph.ItisrepresentedbyAr abicNumber s(e.g.4.8,9.
0).I
ntensityont he
otherhandi sthest rengthofanear thquakeasper ceivedandf el
tbypeopl einacer tain
l
ocal i
ty.Iti
sanumer i
calrati
ngbasedont her el
ativeeffect
st opeople,objects,
environmentandst ructuresinthesur rounding.The  i
ntensit
y  
i
sgener al
lyhigherneart he
epicenter.Itisrepresent edbyRomanNumer als(e.g.I
I,IV,
IX).InthePhili
ppines, t
he
i
ntensityofanear t
hquakei sdet ermi nedusi ngt hePHI VOLCSEar t
hquakeI ntensi
ty
Scale( PEIS).

Typesofeart
hquake
Therearetwotypesofeart
hquakes:t
ect
onicandvol
caniceart
hquakes.Tect
oni
c
eart
hquakes 
areproducedbysuddenmov emental
ongfaul
tsandplateboundari
es.
Eart
hquakesi
nducedbyr i
singl
avaormagmabeneat hact
ivevol
canoesis
cal
led 
vol
caniceart
hquakes.

Ear
thquakeMoni
tor
ingSy
stem
Atpresent,PHIVOLCSoper at
es101sei smi cmonit
ori
ngst at
ionsal lov
erthe
Phil
ippines.Thesest ationsareequi
ppedwi t
hsei smometersthatdetectandr ecord
earthquakes.Dat aissentt othePHIVOLCSDat aReceivi
ngCent er(
DRC)t odetermine
earthquakepar ameterssuchasmagni t
ude,depthoffocusandepi center.Togetherwith
reportedfeltint
ensiti
esi nthearea(
ifany)
,earthquakei
nformationisreleasedonce
thesedat aaredet er
mi ned.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
V. ACTI
VITI
ES

A.Usingthedi
agr
am below.Creat
eadiagr
am oftheadmi
nist
rat
ivediv
isi
onofthe
Phil
ippi
neswit
hit
scorrespondi
ngindi
vi
dualf
oreachposi
ti
onon.Placeitont
he
spaceprovi
dedbel
ow.

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/
VI
. EVALUATI
ON
Dir
ecti
ons: Makeanessayabouty
ourunder
standi
ngi
ntheGeogr
aphyoft
hePhil
ippi
nes
onthespacepr ov
idedbel
ow.Usethegi
venrubri
casyourgui
dei
nachi
evi
ngyourout
put.
(25sentences)

Rubr
ic:
Cont
ent 10
Cl
ari
ty 5
Gr
ammar 10
TOTAL 25

Mar
awoy
,Li
paCi
ty, angas4217|
Bat htt
ps:
//www.
facebook.
com/
KLLOf
fi
cial
/