BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS)

IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SEPTEMBER 2020 MID SEMESTER TEST (10%)

COURSE: FLUID MECHANICS

SUBJECT CODE: ECE 3144
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
(10 AM – 12 PM)
DATE: 16th OCTOBER 2020, W5

This examination question paper consists of SIXTEEN (16) printed

pages including the cover page, Formula Sheets, List of Tables and
List of Figures.
(Property Tables and Charts from Appendix of Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, B. R.
Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, W.W. Huebsch, 6th Ed, 2007. John Wiley & Sons.)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. Answer ALL THREE (3) questions.

2. Write down the answer in the working sheets provided.
Question 1 [20 marks]
The pressure gauge reading is 150 kPa when the air temperature in a 20 L tire is 15oC.
The tire is allowed to expand with the addition of X g of air into the tire until the pressure
increased to 200 kPa.

Assume that the temperature of the air remains constant. Based on the above, determine
the following:

(a) Density of air in the tire before the addition of air. (6 marks)

(b) Mass of the air in the tire in grams before the addition of air. (3 marks)

(c) Volume of the tire in Litres after addition of air. (7 marks)

(d) Figure Q1 shows the effect of temperature on dynamic viscosity for some
common fluids. For gases such as air, an increase in the temperature causes an
increase in the dynamic viscosity. Explain the phenomenon above.
(4 marks)

Note 1: X is defined as the last non-zero digit of your student ID number. For example:
• If your student ID is SUKD 123456789, the amount of air added is 9 × 100 = 900 g
• If your student ID is SUKD 123453780, take the second last number. Therefore the
amount of air added is 8 × 100 = 800 g
Figure Q1
Question 2 [20 marks]
Water at 20 oC flows steadily from the large open tank as shown in Figure Q2.
Assuming the viscous effects are negligible, determine the following:

(a) Flow rate of water, Q at exit (8 marks)

(b) Manometer reading, h (12 marks)

Figure Q2
Question 3 (20 marks)
A thin elastic wire is placed between rigid supports. A fluid flows past the wire and it
is desired to study the static deflection, 𝛿 at the center of the wire due to the fluid drag.
The static deflection, 𝛿 is a function of wire length L, wire diameter D, fluid density 𝜌,
fluid viscosity 𝜇, fluid velocity v, and modulus of elasticity of the wire material E. The
modulus of elasticity is a pressure unit and is defined as a quantitative measurement of
an object or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically when a stress is applied
to it.

Prove that the formula below is a suitable set of pi terms using the Buckingham Pi
Theorem:
𝛿 𝐿 𝜇 𝐸
= 𝜙( , , 2 )
𝐷 𝐷 𝜌𝑣𝐷 𝑣 𝜌
(20 marks)

-- END OF QUESTION PAPER --

 MAIN FORMULA SHEET

dV
1.  =
dy

PD 4
2. Q=
128L

V 2
3. hf = f
D2 g

V2
4. hL = k L
2g

64
5. f =
Re

6. P = Qha

0.377 x
7. = 1
Re x 5

5x
8. =
Re x

V 2
9.  = Cf
2

0.664
10. C f =
Re x

0.059
11. C f = 1
Re x 5

V 2
12. FD = ACDf
2

1.328
13. CDf =
Re L

0.074 1700
14. CDf = 1
−
Re 5 Re L
L
15. Vaverage = C RS

16. K = AC R

R1 6
17. C =
n

̇
18. 𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = QU (U − V j )(1 − cos  )

Patm Pv
19. NPSH A = − Z −  hL −
 

2( P1 − P2 )
20. Q = C d Ad
 (1 −  4 )

gha
21. C H =
 2D2

Wshaft
22. C P =
 3 D 5

Q
23. CQ =
D 3
 ECE3144 052020 Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table A-1: Equivalent roughness for new pipes

 ECE3144 052020 Tables

Table A-2: Approximate physical properties of some common gases at standard

Table A-3: Approximate physical properties of some common liquids

 ECE3144 052020 Tables

Table A-4: Loss coefficient for pipe components

 ECE3144 052020 Tables

Table A-5: Physical properties of water

Table A-6: Manning constant for different open channels

 ECE3144 052020 Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure A-1: Friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness for round pipes-the Moody Chart.
 ECE3144 052020 Tables

Figure A-2: Entrance flow conditions and loss coefficient (a) Reentrant, KL= 0.8, (b)
sharp-edged, KL = 0.5, (c) slightly rounded, KL = 0.2, (d) well-rounded, KL= 0.04

Figure A-3: Exit flow conditions and loss coefficient (a) Reentrant, KL = 1.0, (b)
sharp-edged, KL = 1.0, (c) slightly rounded, KL = 1.0, (d) well rounded, KL = 1.0.
Figure A-4: Loss coefficient for a sudden contraction

Figure A-5: Loss coefficient for a sudden expansion

14
Figure A- 6: Discharge coefficient for orifice.

Figure A- 7: Discharge coefficient for nozzle.

15
Figure A-8: Characteristic curves for a typical centrifugal pump

16