Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Music – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music of the 20th Century
First Edition, 2020
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In this module, you will learn to evaluate and assess the composers and the
musical elements applied in the 20th century.
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
Directions: Inside the box are the names of the prominent composers in the 20th
century. Identify the pictures by writing the number on the space
provided before each name.
PROMINENT COMPOSERS
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Welcome to the first topic of the lesson. You will be
learning the transition of the music of the 20th century. So,
what are you waiting for? Start having fun and be informed
of the different movements in music.
In your lessons on vocal music of the romantic period in Grade 9, you sang
and performed themes of selected songs. Vocal music was one of the best tools for
expressing one’s feelings. The romantic period’s basic quality is emotional
subjectivity, the composer’s feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability,
sadness, rapture, and longing. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,
this module will let you experience and explore the transitory period in the music of
the 20th century. Through understanding the past, we learn to appreciate the things
we enjoy today.
The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements
of music with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the
20th century was greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of
Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern
Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles and distinctive
compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.
“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”
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What is It
1. IMPRESSIONISM
It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly
overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the
splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked
and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of
finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of
certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.
He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his
intention to change the sequence of music from traditional
and conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a
new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form,
texture, and color which describes distinctive musical
elements. He acquired and gained refutations as an erratic
pianist and rebel in theory and harmony added with other
systems of musical composition because of his passion for
music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome
competition with his composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”).
Among his composition were represented by the
following works: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon
of a Faun, String Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La
Mer (1905), Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune
(moonlight). He was able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include
orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other
vocal music. He was inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann Sebastian
Bach, and Giuseppe Verdi.
He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks
him on the styles of later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese,
and Olivier Messiaen. He ventured visual arts through the influenced by Monet,
Pissarro, Manet, Degas and Renoir. Furthermore, he indulged also in literary arts
significantly influenced by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. As a person he was
tender, loving and compassionate, he died with cancer in Paris last March 25, 1918
at the height of the First World War.
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MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)
2. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing
composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It
expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of
the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.
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ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874,
in a working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was
famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve
tones related only to one another also known as the serial
technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German
composer.
His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning
the absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic
harmony in the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic
scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and
Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with
half-sung and half-spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical
compositions include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music,
songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the following:
Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1
Pierrot Lunaire,
Gurreleider
Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled
since 1934.
3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light,
entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style
used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines
tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement
format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well
as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in
neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei
Prokofeiff.
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)
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wanted to integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly
turned back into his nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical
style in which Stravinsky’s work.
Stravinsky was able to produce a musical output of approximately 127 works,
including concerti, orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, and ballets, solo
vocal, and choral music. On April 6, 1971 he died in New York City. The following
are the works of Stravinsky:
Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding
(1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments
(1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938),
Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto
(1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),
Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress
(1951), opera oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the
Soldier’s Hale (1918).
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)
He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like
Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition.
With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic
directness, and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely
recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte,
and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and
prolific composer. He worked and linked with other
composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as
classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired
by Beethoven with two highly regarded violin concerte and
two string quartets.
With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a chance
to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet, and War and
Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children to
pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of
Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died
in Moscow on March 15, 1953.
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reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized
changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style.
The six string quartet is the greatest achievement of his creative life that
lasted for full 30 years for their completion. He combined difficult and dissonant
music with mysterious sounds as description of the composition.
Approximately 700 musical compositions include concerti, orchestral music,
piano music, instrumental music, dramatic music, choral music, and songs. The
concerto for orchestra in 1943, is a five-movement work featuring the exceptional
talents of each various soloist in an intricately constructive piece. On the other hand,
Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where a solo
piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection of six books as a
legacy in music introducing and familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to
the piano students technically and progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the
United States. On September 26, 1945, he died of leukemia in New York City
Hospital.
4. AVANT-GARDE
GEORGE GERSHWIN
He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a
father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious
compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the mixture
of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He
composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical
theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.
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LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)
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5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th
century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials.
Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the
neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters.
They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers
simultaneously.
In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic
harmony, incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic
materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,
and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave
a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern
nationalism.
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1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant
modernity, tempered by a classical sense
of proportion.
George Gershwin He is a cross-over artist because his
serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.
Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990
Philip Glass He explored the territories of ballet,
opera, theater, film and television jingles.
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1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique
style.
2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic
music.
3. One of the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela
Bartok.
4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer.
5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his
time.
6. Leonard Bernstein is one of the Avant Garde from the United States who was
renowned for his stage musical and his music lectures for young people.
7. George Gershwin is a true “crossover artist”, and he was considered as the
“Father of American jazz” in the sense that his serious compositions remain
highly popular in the classical repertoire.
1. The music of the 20th century comprises musical movement with distinctive styles.
These are the _____________, _______________, __________, _____________,
and _______________.
2. Most of the impressionist works concentrate on nature and its
,______________,________________,________________.
3. Joseph Maurice Ravel has several works which deal with water in its flowing or
stormy ___________ as well as human______________.
4. These two major proponents of Impressionism namely_____________________
and ______________________work sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic
and textual characteristics.
5. Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera) are the works of
____________.
6. Francis Poulenc was one of the members of the Les Six group, among the others
are_______________and _____________.
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Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its
beauty, likeness and brilliance?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the environment?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an
absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm?
A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism
B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade
4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale?
A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques
focusing on nationalist composers and innovators?
A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist
composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
7. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization
based on the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great
trendsetter of the 20th century?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one
of his earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider
B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)
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11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died
on September 26, 1945, in New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok?
A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro
B. Concerto for Orchestra D. The Rite of Spring
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of
Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15
14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern
nationalism and Avant-Garde musical style?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for
children?
A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe
Directions: Read the statements related to movement style in music. In the spaces
provided, write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false.
1. ______ Twentieth century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period
which include synthesizers, electronics and computers.
2. ______ Impressionism comprises styles and ideas, especially those that are
decidedly unconventional.
3. ______ Impressionistic style in music makes use of dissonant.
4. ______ Expressionistic music is attributed to Claude Debussy.
5. ______ Modern nationalistic music is light, entertaining and independent of its
emotional content.
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Lesson
Characteristic Style and
2 Movements of Music
What I Know
Directions: Look for the musical terms in the word puzzle. Encircle the terms that you
can find inside the box.
elements of music dynamic rhythm
melody texture form
duration harmony tone color
basic related terms
E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C R R R T U N
B E N G L A G I H K M L O P B H N T G F B
W G B M U L B F J Q C G M L D Y N A M I C
C V A D H Y M F J K L O N G S T B A N D A
J C F O R M T O R N I A D O O H F G U K O
G U R L S D E T C H Y D O L E M E N C A R
I M P R E U S S I A N I S M C O R O L E S
Q W E R T R U N M R H A R M O N O I U D D
D E R A J A R E S M T M E Z Z O P I A N O
C H U R L T C A S O F R A G N M J Y U L D
A B T C D I E F G N H I J K L M O N P Q R
V E X M O O N H K Y Y U O K O N M K L Q W
D E E F I N I N G T O N E C O L O R L E S
E R T B A S I C R E L A T E D T E R M S Q
A. To further recognize the instruments in the orchestra, listen to the different
orchestral genre composed by Sergei Prokofieff entitled “Peter and the Wolf
with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfM7Y9Pcdzw.
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.
The composers of the 20th century were discussed and their cultural
background and individual achievement were shared. In the context of musical
elements and its characteristics on how composers compose a song, this module will
fully help understand and describe the distinctive elements given by the composer.
Let us discover the different characteristics employed, learn to appreciate and bear
out the best of the things that happen today.
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1. RHYTHM
It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The
following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.
2. DYNAMICS
Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of
music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent.
3. MELODY
It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various
scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. HARMONY
It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought
to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually
arranged into a sentence like patterns called progression. In this context, the
dissonance, and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. Other
terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music
composition.
5. TONE COLOR
It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have
obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber).
6. TEXTURE
This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the
relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into
monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
7. MUSICAL FORM
It is an order of melodic, harmonic and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates
musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation
of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into strophic, through-
composed, binary and ternary Form.
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Activity 1.1: MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART
Directions: Based on the cultural content of the previous lesson of different
composers, musical elements have been discussed. Recapitulate the distinctive
elements of music used by the composer.
Put a check (/) on the elements that corresponds the description of the
musical piece being discussed. Attach is the link for listening.
Dynamic
Harmon
Rhythm
Texture
Melody
Timbre
Form
Composers
y
Claude Debussy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
Maurice Ravel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY
Arnold Schoenberg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4
Igor Stravinsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg
Sergei Prokofeiff
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0
Bela Bartok
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo
Leonard Bernstein
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE
Phillip Glass
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jk6E9E1CN0
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1. Maurice Ravel satisfied his works and pleasantly applying the elements of
Harmony particularly Dissonance like
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0JkINDaXCk
2. Arnold Schoenberg emphasized the Twelve Tones in a chromatic scale.
3. Igor Stravinsky displaced a kind of music that frequently changed into
Timber or Tone Color.
4. Sergei Prokofeiff technically used the dissonance harmony, and
pulsating rhythm.
5. Bela Bartok described his composition into a combination of difficult and
dissonant music.
6. Leonard Bernstein displayed an offbeat composition which made him
known for the stage play entitled American version of Romeo and Juliet.
7. Phillip Glass explored the areas of ballet, opera and theater film.
8. Modern Nationalism infused classical techniques with Rhythm and
Tempo.
9. Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev,Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,
and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov were the Russian composers who infused
chromatic harmony incorporated with folk music.
10. Musical Elements describe the composition of the prominent composers
in the 20th century music.
Directions: Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the most
appropriate word/s or phrase/s.
1. Claude Debussy was known as “___________________________”.
2. Joseph Maurice Ravel admired the music of _________, ________
and _______________.
3. Arnold Schoenberg began to write in 1901. His contributions to
music reached up to approximately ______ compositions.
4. Igor Stravinsky was able to produce 127 works with different and distinctive
style of music like_______________and ____________.
5. Bela Bartok utilized changing ____________ and strong _____________ in
his music style.
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Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
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Directions:
1. Students’ Online Activity: Listen to the select composition of the composers.
Characterize their works by simply checking the different basic terms of musical
elements that they are using.
2. Students’ Offline Activity: Refer to the textbook “HORIZONS” on Grade 10, find
the page number and study the composition. Characterize their works by simply
checking the basic terms of musical elements that they are using.
MUSICAL CHARACTERIZATION CHART
Texture Rhythm Tempo Harmony
Homophonic
Monophonic
Polyphonic
Quadruple
Moderate
Atonality
Modality
Tonality
Duple
Triple
Slow
Title of the Music
Fast
Claude Debussy:
Claire de Lune (Moonlight)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l
Xptv3RHMTs
Horizon Book page no. 6
Joseph Maurice Ravel: “Bolero”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Q4wb11w0ZHQ
Horizon Book page no.8
Arnold Schoenberg
“Three Piano Pieces,
OP.11.No.1”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V
eTFxbsVGrI
Horizon Book page no.10
Ramon Santos
Daragang Magayon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5
haN3qsF-V4
Jose Maceda
Udlot-Udlot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V
3gvVrEG03U
Lucresia Kasilag
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i
aPlyJDdlqU
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This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th
century music, from its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers and
audiences.
In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice (setting,
composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.
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In your previous lesson, you have learned and explored the transitory period
of music in the 20th century. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,
you will experience and explore the performance practices of the 20th century music
through its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers, and audiences.
Unquestionably, electronics is the major new influence on 20th-century music
performance. Even further the potential audience for concert, artists, broadcasting,
and recording were widened, and at the same time, they tended to decrease the
physical necessity for large new public performance arenas.
These elements are evident from the different stages of movements of music
in the 20th century.
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Activity 1: WHAT’S IN ME!!!!
Directions: Complete the table below by answering the improvised elements or
irregularities observed in each stage of musical movements.
Improvised Elements of Music or
Stages
Irregularities Observed
Post- Romanticism
Electronic Music
Jazz
Serialism
Expressionism
Indeterminacy a.k.a Aleatoric Music
Impressionism
Neo-Classicism
Minimalism
Neo-Romanticism
Composers and performers have a big role in defining these musical elements
into their compositions and performances. From basic elements, they made them
into more complex but more refining that is good to hear. These elements are
evident in the following stages of music the movement:
ELECTRONIC MUSIC stepped in the later part of the 20th century and was
created wholly or in part through electronic means or recording devices such as tape
recorders, synthesizers, and/ or computers.
A musical style was developed initially by African Americans in Chicago and
New York by emphasizing syncopation and inflected melodies called jazz.
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The Second Viennese School also developed serialism (sometimes used as
a synonym for dodecaphonic) which consists of any number of musical constraints
that are organized using specific order through manipulation.
INDETERMINACY, also known as Aleatoric Music is a style that evolved in
the mid-20th century which relied on randomness and chance.
Parallel harmonies and the use of a non-traditional scale were also observed
in French-style compositions in impressionism that occurs in the late 19th and early
20th century. Also, a German-style is marked by angular melodies, extreme
dissonance, irregular rhythmic groupings developed in early 20th called
expressionism.
Directions: Write the improvisation used in each element of the musical style during
the 20th century.
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Activity 2. WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3!
Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word or words related to the music performance
of the 20th century. Write the word/ words on the space provided.
1. RELACITOA
2. SOMPISMESRIIN
3. CRELONRITE
4. STOPMICRANTOMIS
5. ZAJZ
6. SALMIINIMM
7. ONECRITMOSANMI
8. MILISEARS
9. OPEMXRISNSESI
10. ENOLIIMSAMSCC
A. Describe each term above (using 3 keywords), in the same order, on the space
provided below.
1. _________________,__________________,___________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________
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Directions: Below is the basic arrangement of musical instruments in an
orchestra. With this as a guide, create your own arrangement by illustrating the
musical instruments. Draw your arrangement on a clean sheet of paper.
Activity 1
Directions: Answer and explain the following:
1. Based on the guide shown above, how does the conductor arrange the
musical instruments in an orchestra? (5pts)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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2. Do you think all the instruments in an orchestra drawn above are essential for
a successful performance practice of music in the 20 th century? Why or why
not? (5pts)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. On the illustration you’ve drawn on the previous activity, how did you come up
with the arrangement of the musical instruments in an orchestra? Are you
familiar with all the instruments necessary for an orchestra? (5pts)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Activity 2
Directions: Listen perceptively to the evolution of electronic music that evolved from
the 20th century up to the present. Please watch the link on YouTube and
answer the questions that follow.
https://youtu.be/uKRA68POo
1. What are the developments you can hear on electronic compositions through
time?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.
What are the unique characteristics of electronic music which are not present
in Original Pilipino Music (OPM)?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Give at least five (5) different moods that you have felt while listening to the
electronic music.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th
century music, from its setting, composition, role of composers/performers and
audiences. You will also be learning about the different musical form that is currently
used in music today.
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Give what is asked. Write your answers on your activity notebook.
1. The direct opposite of strophic form is ____________________.
2. The basic elements of form are repetition, variation, and____________.
3. When a melodic idea is used as a building block in the construction of a larger
work, the phenomenon is called_____________.
4. A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as
a/an _____________.
5. The musical structure of ABCBA is __________________.
6. Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called
____________________.
7. One of the basic structures in music is __________, which begins with a
statement and ends with a departure, without a return to the opening section.
8. Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, and then the
return of the first idea (A-B-A)? __________________.
9. In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is________.
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10. Which of the following is the most common form in vocal music? _____.
11. A large-scale work, like a symphony, is often broken up into smaller sections
called ___________.
12. The structure of through-composed songs is ___________________.
13. The structure of ternary musical form is ________________________.
14. The musical form that has a structure of ABACA is________________.
15. The musical form that has a structure of AB is __________________.
In your previous grade lessons, you have learned about the different music
from the Baroque Period, Medieval Period, Romantic Period, Classical Period, and
20th Century. These periods taught us how music was and today.
Meanwhile, in the previous lesson, you have learned about the stages of
movements of music from Post-Romanticism to Neo-Romanticism and the
improvisations of the basic elements in each stage. To fully understand and
appreciate music as a whole, this lesson will let you experience and explore the
Musical forms used by all musicians to create music and how do the performers
perform the created piece.
30
MUSICAL FORMS
STROPHIC FORM
The strophic form is one of the most common musical forms. It’s also called
a song form or verse form. Because of its repetitiveness typically featuring an AAA
structure. It is the most basic of all the forms in music.
An example of the strophic form in a folk song would be “Leron Leron Sinta”.
A church hymn such as “Amazing Grace” or even a simple nursery tune like “Mary
Had A Little Lamb”.
THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM
BINARY FORM
The binary form is music with an A and B section. While the material is
different in each section, it is closely related. Recognizing a piece of music in binary
form requires you to identify where the contrasting material is. Things to look for
include changes in rhythm, key signatures, cadences, and other harmonic
adjustments.
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In rounded binary form, the rules mostly remain the same. The difference is
that there is more material added to the B section. This material is pulled from part of
the A section. Unlike a ternary form, it’s not a completely new section.
TERNARY FORM
The ternary form is defined as ABA structure which means the piece starts
with the main theme, goes to contrasting material, and then returns with that exact
main theme material to end it.
It looks a lot like rounded binary form, however, the key difference is that the
last section operates independently of the B section. Rather than having partial A
material, the last section is an entire recapitulation of the main theme. Sometimes
the recapitulation can be slightly varied either through rhythm or tempo.
The three sections of ternary form sound appear and sound like complete
compositions in themselves. Each of those sections concludes on a perfect authentic
cadence, which provides the most closure.
The mood is also an important characteristic of a ternary form. The first
section might be quick and lively while the B section is quiet and less intense.
Composers who use this form put a great deal of effort ensuring that the B section
has a well-defined character that allows each section to sound like their own
separate compositions.
Piano sonatas widely use different types of ternary form, especially works by
Haydn, Handel, Beethoven, and Scarlatti. It can also be traced back as far as Middle
Age music such as the ancient Gregorian chants.
RONDO FORM
Sometimes, rondo form can be much broader and be ABACABA or the first
B section of a piece in rondo form is usually in the dominant or relative major key.
The second B section can trail off to whatever key it needs to. It’s easy to tell if a
piece is in Rondo form if you continue to hear material from the A section returning.
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ARCH FORM
The arch form is an ABCBA structure. It is called “Arch” because the
structure of the music moves in this form. There is always a new material in each of
the first three sections. Once it reaches the C section, the music simply moves in
reverse order. It goes back through the B material and concluding with the main A
theme.
While those sections playback in the reverse order, they can be varied. They
can have changes to rhythm and style as long as the thematic material is the same.
This musical form is entirely symmetric. While arch form is not as common
as ternary or binary, there are some popular instances of this happening in music.
The famous composer who was noted to use “rondo” is Bela Bartok. He
used it widely in his string quartet music, most notably the fourth and fifth. It is also
present in his second piano concerto. Samuel Barber also used arch form in his
Adagio for strings. Arch form is essentially a rondo form, but symmetrical.
SONATA FORM
The sonata form is a musical composition that is organized in three distinct
sections. It consists of exposition, development, and recapitulation.
In the exposition, we are presented with two subjects, basically binary form.
The first subject is in the tonic key while the second moves to the sub dominant. If it
is a minor key sonata, then it will work from within the minor key moving to the
relative major.
Usually, the development section is thicker in musical texture and full in
unstable harmonic structure. Instead of just settling in one key, this section will
sometimes travel through multiple modulations. The development section features a
completely new theme.
The recapitulation is a clear restatement of the exposition and rolls in
effortlessly out of the development section. It is often varied. Usually, it returns with a
different dynamic than it is the first appearance in the exposition. This helps set a
new mood.
THEME AND VARIATIONS
The main theme is developed throughout subsequent sections in this
musical form. In the first section, the main theme is first introduced. After that section
comes to a close, and the first variation is introduced.
This variation along with the rest will follow the same harmonic
progressions. In each new variation, there can be changes to the rhythm,
articulations, and style of the piece. In some instances, the key signature can also
change, however, it will still follow the relative harmonic structure in the new key.
Countermelodies are also quite common and continue to add on and
change in each variation. There are also changes to the meter, dynamics, mood, and
even the instrumentation. Other piano compositions such as Brahms Variations on a
Theme by Robert Schumann, Beethoven’s 32 variations in C minor and the Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star variations by Mozart are also great examples.
33
Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following denotes the number of the main sections in a binary form?
A. One B. Three C. Two D. Seventeen
2. Which of the following terms describe a binary form showing a clear cadence in
the tonic and melodic key?
A. Rounded Sectional C. Rounded Continuous
B. Simple Section D. Simple Continuous
3. Which of these types of pieces constitutes a ternary form?
A. Both of these C. Da Capo Aria
B. Minuet and Trio D. Neither of these
4. Which of the following is the special section included to bring the music back to
the original material?
A. Retransition B. Transition C. Transitory D. Retaliation
5. Which of the following sections is not commonly held to be a key component of a
movement in a sonata form?
A. Exposition B. coda C. recapitulation D. development
6. Which movement in symphony would most likely be written in a sonata form?
A. The second B. The first C. The fourth D. The third
7. Which of the following composers composed a famous set of 32 variations in C
minor for piano based upon a theme?
A. Bach B. Beethoven C. Vivaldi D. Purcell
8. In which of the following ways would a five-part rondo be realized?
A. ABACA B. ABCDA C. ABABA D. ABCBA
9. The seven-part rondo is often molded into what is called sonata rondo. Which of
the following conditions generally hold(s) true for sonata rondos?
A. The C episode is highly developmental in nature
B. The second B section returns in the tonic key
C. Both of these
D. Neither of these
10. Which of the following artist usually using a through-composed form?
A. Queen B. Platters C. Carpenters D. Chicago
34
The purpose of form in music is to create a sense of unity among the
elements of a song and make it memorable to the listeners. It is highly common in
songs that need to be sung, marched, waltzed/danced and symphonic works.
However, it is also used to convey a certain idea or emotion such as a movie
score or a symphonic poem.
The form can be loose or very structured and it really helps to unify a piece
and create a sense of the piece being the same, unlike a through-composed piece
which might start at point A and go to point B and never return to point A because it
tells a story for instance (although that is technically an example of form too).
The form can be as rigid as Rondo (ABACA) or Sonata (Exposition -
Development - Recapitulation) or it can be as fluid as a rhapsody which starts at
point A, moves to point B then C then back to A to finish.
The form can be minimalism and the phasing of different parts like in Steve
Reich's, Clapping Music or it can be based on the 12-tone system where you cannot
repeat a note until all notes in the form are played.
Directions: Answer the following questions. Choose your answers on the box
below and write it on the space provided.
1. What is another name for "part B"? ___________
2. Which musical form consists of a verse, chorus, and a verse? _______
3. What is another name for a verse? ___________
4. Which form starts with the verse, goes to the chorus, and comes back to the
verse? ___________
5. Which of these is a rondo form? ___________
6. What is the term for organizing music into sections? __________
7. Which song has two sections which are the same? _____________
8. What is another name for the A and B sections of a song? __________
9. What is the A section of a piece of music called? _________________
10. What is another name for chorus? ________________
35
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and understancd. Write answer on your activity notebook.
1. Which of the following is the second section of the sonata form?
A. Development C. Recapitulation
B. Exposition D. Coda
2. Which is the only form to originate during the classical era?
A. Sonata form C. Rondo form
B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form
3. Which of the following describes this form?
121 343 121 coda
A. Ternary B. Binary C. Minuet and trio D. Arch
4. Which of the following form is in a constant triple meter?
A. Rondo form C. Sonata form
B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form
5. Which of the following is the third section of the sonata form?
A. Development C. Recapitulation
B. Exposition D. Coda
6. Which of the following describes this form?
A A1 A2 A3 A4
A. Ternary B. Binary C. Theme and Variations D. Arch form
7. Which of the following form has this description?
“A simple theme is continually altered”
A. Rondo form C. Sonata form
B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form
8. Which of the following is the first section of the sonata form?
A. Development C. Recapitulation
B. Exposition D. Coda
9. Which of the following is a second minuet paired with a first?
a. Quartet B. Duet C. Minuet D. Trio
10. Which of the following form denotes this description?
A B A C A D A
A. Ternary B. Rondo C. Binary D. Arch
11. Which of the following is the optional last section of the sonata form?
A. Development B. Exposition C. Recapitulation D. Coda
12. Which of the following is the standard first movement form in the
classical era instrumental compositions?
A. Sonata form C. Rondo form
B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form
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13. Which of the following is the optional first section of the sonata form?
A. Development B. Exposition C. Coda D. Introduction
14. Which form is one of the oldest in music?
A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary
15. Which of the following form is this?
Exposition – Development – Recapitulation
A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary
SONG LABELLING
1. Write the full lyrics of the song you like.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Label the song as to what Musical Structure/Form it used.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
37
In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and
media during the same period.
IDENTIFICATION
38
In your previous lessons, you learned about the different musical styles, music
performance practices, and explore arts and media in the music of the 20th century.
Modern technological advances (especially mass media) have caused rapid changes
in musical style, and expanded our knowledge of music from other cultures, further
accelerating changes in musical taste while providing a wider range of music to
listeners, composers, and performers.
The early part of the 20th century brought together an extraordinary group of
talented artists, writers and musicians, whose impact would continue to be felt
throughout the century as well as into our time.
Just like colors, sounds also evoke emotions, fleeting feelings, or illustrate an
atmosphere. They can also relate and tell stories behind the music. In their
respective fields, Paul Cézanne and Claude Debussy influenced the artists of the
early 20th century, which found their contributions in intellectual circles formed
around writers and poets.
In this lesson, you will try to relate the music and arts of the 20th century and
see how these two aspects are connected through movement styles.
39
MUSIC AND ARTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY
IMPRESSIONISM
The first modern style to emerge was impressionism developed by French
composer Claude Debussy as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German
Romanticism in the late 1890s. Modeled after the impressionistic art movement,
musical impressionism is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the creative
use of color.
Impressionism is an artistic movement that has brought about a change in the
creation and perception of art and music. Impressionist art focuses on the use of
light and color to create different visual impressions on their paintings.
Impressionist music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the
real picture of the subject matter is not given much emphasis. Impressionism gives
artists the freedom to fully expose their creativity.
EXPRESSIONISM
Austrian- German composes developed expressionism around the turn of the
1900s, as a blatant expansion of Wagnerian Romanticism. Expressionism is
particularly associated with three composers working in Vienna in the early 20 th
century: Arnold Schoenberg and his two students, Anton Von Webern and Alban
Berg. These three are collectively known as the 2 nd Viennese School of composers.
The music of the 2nd Viennese School was designed to shock listeners, with
dissonant, intensely colorful, often horrific music based on graphically morbid text or
ideas.
The term expressionism was originally borrowed from visual art and literature.
Artists created vivid pictures, distorting colors, and shapes to make unrealistic
images that suggested strong emotions.
Expressionist composers poured intense emotional expression into their
music and explored the subconscious mind. Expressionist music often features a
high level of dissonance, extreme contrasts of dynamics, constantly changing
textures, distorted melodies and harmonies, angular melodies with wide leaps and
extremes of pitch.
40
Activity 1. Musical and Art Interpretation
Directions: Below are examples of the impressionist works in the 20th century. Study
the painting carefully while listening to the composition and answer the questions
that follow.
Sunrise by Claude Monet
41
By looking at the painting and listening to the music, what is your impression/
insights about 20th century art and music? Write at least 5 adjectives that explain
how you feel while listening and looking at the picture of Monet and Debussy. (5pts)
1. What do you think both artists trying to convey on their painting and music?
C. Monet: Sunrise (3pts)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
IMPRESSIONISM
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
42
Music and Expressionism
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
EXPRESSIONISM
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
43
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Directions: Fill in the missing words in the paragraph below.
1. It was usually characterized by the use of dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics,
and distorted melodies. 1) ______________.
2. The three musicians of the Second Viennese School in 20th
century are_____________, ______________and ____________.
3. _______________ devised a system of pitch organization based on the
chromatic pitches that he called a twelve- tone series.
4. A style of music that conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the
application of atonality and dissonance is called ____________.5.
5. Modeled after the ____________ art movement, this musical style is based on
understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color.
6. The proponent that frequently use of parallel chords was _______________.
7. A musical style that signifies the artist character and inner insight enforced on
the graphical reality of the objects represented is called _______________.
8. __________________ is a modern style of art and music that was developed as
a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism.
9. This music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the real picture
of the subject matter is not given much emphasis is called _______________.
10. A style in music and art that suggested strong emotions is called
________________.
MY BEAUTIFUL PLACE!
Directions: Take a picture of your favorite scene, capture an area in your
community that depicts in the movement style. Send it or post it on your Facebook
account. Answer the questions provided on your activity notebook.
Think of a song you knew that represents the picture above. Write your lyrics
of the song. (5pts) ______________ (Title)
44
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. Which style in music and art suggested strong emotions?
B. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
C. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which style of music is characterized by the composer’ mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the environment?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
3. Who among the following musicians comprise the Second Viennese School?
A. Haydn, Beethoven, Bach C. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms
B. Anton, Von, Arnold D. Arnold, Anton, Alban
4. Who was the composer that wrote an impressionistic composition entitled
Bolero?
A. Anton Von Webern C. Claude Debussy
B. Maurice Ravel D. Alban Berg
5. Which modern style of art and music was developed as a rejection of excessive
Wagnerian German Romanticism?
A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism
B. Primitivism D. Expressionism
6. Who was the foremost impressionist composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
7. Which style of music conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the
application of atonality and dissonance?
A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism
B. Primitivism D. Expressionism
8. Who was the composer that devised a system of pitch organization based on the
chromatic pitches which he called “a twelve tone series”?
A. Arnold Schoenberg Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who was the proponent of expressionism known for his radical sound of music?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
45
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered one of his
earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11)
B. Pierrot Lunaire
C. Gurreleider
D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)
11. Which movement style in music does dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics
and distorted melodies commonly use?
A. Primitivism C. Minimalism
B. Expressionism D. Impressionism
12. What is the term used for the artist that collectively worked on the expressionism
of music in the 20th century?
A. Second Viennese School C. Masters of Music
B. The Conductors D. The Expressionist
13. Which of the following styles signifies the artist’s character and inner insight
enforced on the graphical reality of the objects represented?
A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism
B. Primitivism D. Expressionism
14. Which of the following proponent frequently use parallel chords?
A. Claude Debussy C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Bela Bartok D. Arnold Schoenberg
15. Which of the following musical style is based on understatement, blurred effects,
and the creative use of color modelled after an art movement?
A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism
B. Primitivism D. Expressionism
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the song whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or EXPRESSIONISM
MUSIC
“ Sa Ugoy ng Duyan” by Lucio San Pedro A.
“ Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo B.
Matindal” by A. Molina C.
“ Hatinggabi” by Antonio Molina D.
Malikmata” by Antonio Molina E.
46
Directions: Identify the paintings whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or
EXPRESSIONISM
47
In this lesson, you will experience and explore music as well as to appreciate the
essence of knowing the arts and media, portrayed in the 20th century.
In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and
media during the same time period.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.
1. Which of the following music best describe the kind of compositions by
formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?
A. Choral music C. Piano music
B. Dramatic music D. Instrumental music
2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular
pulses caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic
beats?
A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement
3. Which of the following element in music shows the difference in the
strength, tone, or pitch of one’s voice?
A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulation D. Recapetulation
4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features
the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed
piece?
A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos
B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra
48
5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of
life through art and literature?
A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism
B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism
6. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin refers to the activity
where the songs of the characters are interwoven into narrative
accompanied by dancing?
A. Film musicals C. Musical theater
B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music
7. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality?
A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey
B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bertstein
8. Which of the following terms in harmony uses two diferrent keys at the
same time?
A. Polytonality C. Monotonality
B. Bitonality D. Hexagonality
9. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions
usually appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?
A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism
B. Expressionism D. Impressionism
10. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and
responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?
A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism
B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical
11. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping
style with theatrical grandeur on stage?
A. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein
B. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric
12. Which element in composition did composers sought to return to aesthetic
precepts associated with the broadly defined concept?
A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism
B. Expressionism D. Impressionism
13. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to
make new things or think of new ideas?
A. Creative C. Advance
B. Possessive D. Timid
14. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is
invented by the performers in making something that you have not
planned?
A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation
15. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and
discovery originated after study and experiment?
A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery
49
The musical styles created by the 20th century classical composers were
truly unique and innovative. They experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody,
harmony, tempo, and timbre in daring ways never attempted before. Twentieth –
century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period. Their skills in making
innovation were clearly noticed and their style is really impressive.
Directions: Classify the following names/terms as to which group they belong and
write your answer in the corresponding category.
The music in the 20th century is more interesting and compelling if you listen
to how the technique and the execution are being done by different composers of the
time. The perfectionist attitude done by the composer in the musical craftsmanship
developed a more distinct style that brings each form more vibrant music. However
in the era of technology, we are using different arts and media forms. Identify the
following gadgets that help in creating and making compositions.
50
The usefulness of the technological devices in composing songs are the following:
1. KARAOKE PLAYER – It is used as a source of entertainment for the people
who wants to sing a song. It is also a tool to be used to improve their voices.
Some people use this machine as the resource for team building exercises.
Sometimes, the teachers use this as an educational tool.
2. CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER – For the time being and because of the
progress in the technology, this machine has a great part in the development
of one’s talent and skills in singing and composition.
4. CELLPHONE – this is a portable telephone that you can carry anywhere you
want to go and it is easy for you to use at your convenience. This device can
also be used as a recording tool or for capturing videos of your performances.
Editing can also be done through mobile phones as it has the capacity to
make some of the applications in editing.
5. AVANT-GARDE closely associated with electronic music in the sense that the
movement dealt with the restrictions or the scopes of sound in space. Its style
exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note
groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered.
Improvisation is necessary for this style, the unconventional methods of sound
and form, as well as the absence of traditional rules governing harmony,
melody, and rhythm, make the whole concept. The link is given for you to
listen and hear how the music being perform.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTUXhLeLojA
6. IMPRESSIONISM is having this notion that they need to create new forms
with emotional mood rather than specific picture, it is an attempt also to
suggest reality. The sentemental melodies, and , dramatic emotions that
captivate the attention of the listeners clearly recognize and enjoy.
7. EXPRESSIONISM music goes hand in hand with painting in that, both tend to
ignore or cover up rational structure relationships. Musical scores filled with
strange colors, distorted lines of sound, overlaid rhythms, and bursts of
unmusicality. Using polyrhythms, polytonal harmony, and original instrumental
combinations, it seemed rebelliously unconcerned to tradition and legacy.
51
8. NEOCLASSICISM during the last part of the 19th century, the forms, genres,
and styles of music of the 18th and 19th centuries were combined and given a
new explanation. Some of the improvements which took place were the
change of melody, abandonment of subjectivity, the conquest of serenity, and
collection of triads and diatonic, which became the favorite. The kind of music
during this period is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional
content. It recognizes the fusion of the traditional way of modern music.
Directions: Complete the table with the name of a composer and it’s examples of
musical works.
52
Activity: Free style!
Directions: Read the instructions given below for your guide.
a. Make a jingle using the names of the 20th century composers or select a
style of the composer that you like to imitate.
b. Creating a music video
c. Rubrics will be given as your guide to make a video or live performance.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the best answer of your choice. Write the letter of your choice in
a separate paper.
1. Which of the following music that best describe the kind of compositions by
formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?
A. Choral music B. Dramatic music C. Piano music D. Instrumental music
2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular pulses
caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?
A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement
3. Which of the following variation refers to the strength, tone, or pitch of one’s
voice?
A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulatio D. Recapetulation
4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features the
exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed piece?
A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos
B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra
5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of life
through art and literature?
A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism
B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism
6. Which of the following terms in harmony that uses of two diferrent keys at the
same time?
A. Polytonality B. Bitonality C. Monotonality D. Hexagonality
7. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions usually
appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?
A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism
C. Expressionism D. Impressionism
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8. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and
responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?
C. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism
D. Expressionism D. Neo-classical
9. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping style
with theatrical grandeur on stage?
C. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein
D. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric
10. Which of the following movement style in composition is referred to when
composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly
defined concept?
A. Avant-garde B. Expressionism C. Neo-classicism D. Impressionism
11. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make
new things or think of new ideas?
A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid
12. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is invented by
the performers in making something that you have not planned?
A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation
13. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and discovery
originated after study and experiment?
A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery
14. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin where songs by the characters
are interwoven into narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing?
A. Film musicals C. Musical theater
B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music
15. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality?
A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey
B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bernstein
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In this lesson, you are expected to perform music sample from the 20th century.
Activity 1.1
Directions: The following are the musical plays of the 20th century. Group them
according to its composer. Write your answer on the space provided.
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Activity 1.2: YOU ARE A STAR IN THE MUSIC!!!
Directions: Write all the elements of music inside the star box.
Music of the 20th century has been discussed and deliberated. The
composers shared their cultural background and individual achievement during this
period. The musical elements and their characteristics have been explored. The
elements of performance have been explained. This module will let you fully
understand and describe how the composers influence the people in the light of
music. In this part let us evaluate, assess the music, and learn to appreciate how the
art of music bears the mind of the young in today’s generation.
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Elements of Music
1. RHYTHM
It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the
music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.
2. DYNAMICS
Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or
quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo,
diminuendo, and accent.
3. MELODY
It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation
of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. HARMONY
It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It
is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and
usually arranged into sentence like patterns called progression. In this
context, the dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in
harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and
atonality of the music composition.
5. TONE COLOR
It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics
that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber
(Tam-ber).
6. TEXTURE
This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and
the relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into
monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
7. MUSICAL FORM
It is an order of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic events of a piece. It
designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or
the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into
strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary form.
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Directions: After listening or watching the selected musical composition, let us know
what elements of the music being employed. Just simply check the box
on the right side. Attached is the link to the composition.
Harmony
Dynamic
Rhythm
Texture
Color
Tone
s
La Mer (1905)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo
Verklarte Natch
(Transfigured Night, 1989)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s
The Firebird Suite (1910)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8
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Elements of music are essential parts of making compositions that
distinctively matter on harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, tone color, melody, and
form. In the context of musical style, innovativeness and experimentation developed
the music of today’s generation. Modern technology and gadgets have the power
and impact in making the music blended with technological devices that vary on its
expertise and style.
I have learned that with different perspectives in life and attitude, music
requires us on how they are going to interpret the piece. Because at the end of the
day, music is the mirror of our soul which we can meditate, contemplate and make
sense of life colorful and wonderful.
The music of the 20th century portrays the non-fiction of the people either love
story or otherwise. In this way, the creativity of the youth creating salient features in
the musical film using multimedia art form had been developed.
1. The kind of elements that gives structure and pulse of the music is called
rhythm
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which particular type of instruments being use can either be strucked with a
stick or against one another?
B. Membranophone C. Idiophone
C. Chordophone D. Aerophone
2. Which musical instrument that made from a single wooden log, ceramics, tin
can, or gourd?
A. Membranophone C. Idiophone
B. Chordophone D. Aerophone
3. Which musical instruments used by the Sonata Chorister produce vibrations
of strings?
A. Membranophone C. Idiophone
B. Chordophone D. Aerophone
4. Which of the following musical instrument produces sound primarily by
trapping or enclosing an air to vibrate?
A. Membranophone C. Aerophone
B. Chordophone D. Idiophone
5. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of
pitch?
A. Dynamics B. Form C. Harmony D. Melody
6. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony?
A. Dissonantly B. Atonality C. Modality D.Tonality
7. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same
time?
A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic
8. Which one of the basic terms in harmony that avoids any sense of a home
key center?
A. Atonality B. Tonality C. Modality D.Conjunctly
9. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play?
A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct
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10. Which of the following terms in melody tis a basis for an extended musical
work?
A. Pitch B. Scale C. Tone D. Theme
11. Which kind of musical element produces different sound quality depending on
its own characteristic pattern?
A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber
12. Which of the following does not belong to the distinctive elements of music?
A. Dynamics B. Pitch C. Tone Color D. Harmony
13. Which of the following devices add in creating and recording music like
DVD/CD, mobile, and android phones?
A. Electronic device C. Mechanical device
B. Technical device D. Distinctive device
14. Which of the following are the elements of performances does not belong to
the group?
A. Musical compositions C. Roles of composers and lyricist
B. Role of performers D. Role of Editor
15. Which performances focus on choreography and dance sequence that
provides entertainment and breaks the unfolding plots?
A. Musical play B. Ballet C. Opera D. Theatre
Directions: Together with the members of the family as your group mate, you may
create a video clip using your digital cameras and cell phone portraying
the 20th century musical styles.
C. Rubrics in evaluating your performance will be given as your reference to
make your output wonderful.
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Rubrics for your musical performance
Elements Outstanding Very Good Good Average Poor
Pitch Virtual no An Some Very few Needs help
errors. Pitch is occasional accurate accurate or
very accurate isolated pitches, but secure
error, but there are pitches
most of the frequent
time pitch is and or
accurate repeated
and secure errors
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Post-Assessment
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12. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on
September 26, 1945, in New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C.Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D.George Gershwin
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of
Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C 14 D.15
14. Who was the proponent of the Neoclassicism?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
15. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
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References:
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