The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom).

The ancient
Greek used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon applied it to the study or discipline that
uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things.

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values,
reasons, mind and language

Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about world, the universe, and society. It works by
asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the nature of the universe, and the
connections between them. The ideas in philosophy are often general and abstract.

Philosophy is the study of human and the world by thinking and asking questions. It is a science and an
art. Philosophy tries to answer important question by coming up with answer about real things and
asking “why?”

Philosophers – people who engage in philosophy

The most notable ancient Greek philosophers are:

Phythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE) – A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating
the Phythagorean theorem.

Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE) – He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or
plan which he called logos.

Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE) – He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural
phenomena.

Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE to 323 BCE) – He was a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.

Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE) – He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of
happiness.

Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE) – He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was
credited with formulating the Socrating method – means of examining a topic by devising a series of
questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE) – A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and
incorporated some of his own ideas into them, Plato’s most significant ideas included his theory of
forms, which proposes that everything that exist is based on an idea or template that can only be
perceived in the mind. Plato is also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing
ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to learning
was his founding of the academy, an institution of higher learning.

Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE ) – He attend the academy, and was the prominent student of plato. For
him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and
percieve. His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process and analyzing reasoning which
give rise to deductive reasoning- the process by which specific statement are analyzed to reach a
conclusion or generalization.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE FROM A PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

Holistic thinking – refers to a perspective that consider large- scale patterns in systems. A holistic
perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and ability to get the genereal sense or
impression regarding a situation.

Partial thinking – focuses on specific aspect of a situation. The partial view is an important component
of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspect of a problem in order to
understand it.
WHAT’S NEW?

Direction :Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.

ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE

THE ACTION?
1. Buying a new gadget Thing before you buy, you need to check first the
specs and quality of your chosen gadget

2. Choosing friends In choosing a friend you should always choose a

3. Eating food
4. Deciding where to study in college
5. Joining organization in school
6. Helping stranger
person that you think that you can rely on and you
could also trust
The foremost thing one needs to do before eating
food is to wash his/her hands properly. Drink some
water before you start to eat. Pray before you
touch the food.
You must think before you act. Research for a
university near the place of residence and if it
offers your desired course
Decide which organization you are interested in
and know the organization's purpose before you
join.
It depends on the situation. You must ask if they
would like help

7. Going out with friends
8. Posting your opinion or feelings in the
social media
9. Going out with the opposite sex
Make a plan: what time, place and fun things to do
with your friends. Make sure you are in time and
got home at the right time.
We must think before we click. We need to think
about what other people will feel if we post
something on social media. Make sure that the
image or text we’re about to post in social media is
does a sense .

10. Confronting a person who verbally hurt Stay calm and choose your word carefully
you
 Greek

Lover of Wisdom

Experience

Knowledge

Partial Thinking