SYNOPSIS ON

HIGHWAY STRIP

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 HIGHWAY STRIP (iii)
 SCOPE OF PROJECT (iv)
 LITERATURE
 HISTORY OF HIGHWAY STRIP (v)
 APPLICATION OF HIGHWAY STRIP (vi)
 IMPORTANCE OF HIGHWAY STRIP (viii)
 METHODOLOGY
 DESIGN (ix)
 MEANS TO REDUCE THE LENGTH OF (x)
STRIP
 CONTINUOUSLY OF REINFORCED (xi)
CONCRETE PAVEMENT
 REFERENCES (xiii)
 LIST OF FIGURES
 FIGURE: 1.1 (iv)
 FIGURE: 1.2 (viii)
 FIGURE: 1.3 (xii)

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 HIGHWAY STRIP

INTRODUCTION

A highway strip or road runway is a section of

a highway or motorway that is specially built to allow landing of
(mostly) military aircraft and to serve as a military airbase. These were
built to allow military aircraft to operate even if their airbases, the most
vulnerable targets in any war, are destroyed.
Also called emergency landing stripes and flight stripes.
The first highway strips were constructed near the end of  World War II
in Nazi Germany, where the well developed Reichsautobahn  system
allowed aircraft to use the motorways.
In the Cold War ,highway strips were systematically built on both sides
of the Iron Curtain, mostly in the two Germanys, but also in North
Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), Sweden,  Finland,  Switzerland,
Poland,  Pakistan . 

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 SCOPE OF PROJECT

There are 2 highway strip in India which are recently build up :–

 Yamuna expressway has a highway strip near Raya village,

Mathura, U P.

 Agra Lucknow Greenfield expressway has a 3 km stretch of

highway
in Kannuaj district ,UP.
Now, India is further moving a step forward and building up expressway
which have highway strip on it.
Currently official saying by Nitin Gadkari (minister of road and highway
of india), said that there will be 22 more road runway proposed in india.

Figure:1.1 (A F-4 Phantom approaching Ahlhorn Highway strip during Exercise

Highway 84)

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org

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 LITERATURE

HISTORY OF HIGHWAY STRIP

A highway strip was originally conceived and planned by Lieut. Col.

Steadman Shunway Hanks is a flat area of land not less than 200 feet in
width or less than 1800 feet in length with clear approaches located
adjacent to a public highway but it is a part of the highway right of way
itself. Under the definition, a highway strip automatically becomes the
responsibility of the various state highway department; and state laws
relative to highway strips should be conceived as part of the existing
highway and motor vehicle laws.
As proposed, highway strips would be acquired by eminent domain, in
the same way land is acquired for highways. They would be developed
with federal funds appropriated to the state highway department in
accordance with defense highway act of 1941 supplement.
Strip landing fields, as the name implies are landing areas of such
dimension that landings are possible only along the line of the
longitudinal axis. Since they permit landings in only two direction they
are not suitable for use as general aviation basis but they are of value for
military, civilian and emergency use.
The object of providing system of highway strips throughout the country
is to make available great number of small conveniently located landing
areas which could be used as a auxiliary landing areas near an air port,
as an emergency landing area between airports, as an auxiliary field for
the G.H.Q. air force of the U.S. Army corps in an emergency, or as an
aid to the private flier. It is estimated that 400 auxiliary landings areas or
highway strips would be required in Indian exclusive of existing landing
fields . This of course, depends on the size of the air force.

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APPLICATIONS OF HIGHWAY STRIP

 Nations known to utilise the strategy of highways

constructed to double as auxiliary airbases in the event of
war Singapore, Sweden, Finland ,Germany, Poland, 
Republic of China (Taiwan) war spare runway and the
former USSR ( "airfield part of road").
 After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, three highway strips
were built in the Greek part of Cyprus, easily recognisable
by a runway centre line and markings for the touchdown
zone. They also all have aircraft turning areas at either
end. One is located on the  Limassol–Nicosia Highway
(5,200 m or 17,100 ft) and one of the Limassol–
Larnaca highway (5,000 m or 16,000 ft). The third is a
much smaller strip located on the Limassol-
Paphos Highway near to Paphos International Airport.
 In Poland, as of 2003, only one highway strip is used
annually for an exercise.
 In Pakistan, The M-1 Motorway (Peshawar-Islamabad)
and the M-2 Motorway (Islamabad-Lahore) each include
two emergency runway sections of 2,700 m (9,000 ft)
length each. The four emergency runway sections
become operational by removing removable concrete
medians using forklifts. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has
used the M2 motorway as a runway on two occasions: for
the first time in 2000 when it landed an F-7P fighter,
a Super Mushak trainer and a C-130 and, again, in 2010.
On the last occasion, the PAF used a runway section on
the M2 motorway on 2 April 2010 to land, refuel and take-
off two jet fighters, a Mirage III and an F-7P, during its
Highmark 2010 exercise.
 In regional Australia, several sections of highway are
maintained as potential runways for use by the Royal
Flying Doctor Service of Australia.

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 Sweden started to build a few 1,500 m road strips from
around 1949. The Six-Day War in 1967 (where the
Egyptian Air Force was grounded by a quick surprise
attack on air bases) inspired further development.
The Viggen fighter/bomber was designed for shorter and
narrower road strips which were built in fairly high
numbers.
 India has successfully tested its runway strip on a stretch
of the Yamuna Expressway in Uttar Pradesh on 21 May
2015. It was built at a cost of ₹13,000 Cr for its combat
jets of the IAF, a first for military aviation in the country. In
June 2016, the Minister for Road Transport and
Highways, Nitin Gadkari announced that the government
was considering developing 'Road Runways' for
commercial operations as well.

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 IMPORTANCE OF HIGHWAY STRIP

 Highway strip are very necessary from the defensive view.

 These will allow fighter jets and other planes to land in case of war
like condition.

 As these will be equipped with all the necessary equipments these

can be used as refuelling station for fighter jets and can be used
for ammunition loading.

 If in case any aeroplane wants to have emergency landing that

would also be allowed.

Figure: 1.2 ( C-130 Hercules aircraft on taxidrive on the autobahn A29 near city

of Ahlhorn during NATO-exercise "Highway 84".)

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org

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 METHODLOGY

DESIGN

 The strips are usually 2 to 3.5 kilometres (1.2 to 2.2 mi) long

straight sections of the highway.

 There is central reservation made of crash barriers that can be

removed quickly (in order to allow airplanes to use the whole width
of the road).

 Other features of an airbase (taxiways, airport ramps) can be built.

 The road will need a thicker than normal surface and a solid
concrete base.

 The specialized equipment of a typical airfield are stored

somewhere nearby and only carried there when airfield operations
start.

 The highway strips can be converted from motorways to airbases

typically within 24 to 48 hours.

 The road would need to be swept to remove all debris before any
aircraft movement could take place.

 The medians should be removable.

MEANS TO REDUCE THE LENGTH OF STRIP

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 The space needed for landing aircraft is reduced by means of a wire,
similar to the CATOBAR system used on some aircraft carriers-
CATOBAR (Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested
Recovery or Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery) is a
system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of
an aircraft carrier. Under this technique, aircraft launch using a catapult-
assisted take-off and land on the ship (the recovery phase)
using arrestor wires.
Although this system is more costly than alternative methods, it
provides greater flexibility in carrier operations, since it imposes less
movable design elements on fixed wing aircraft than alternative methods
of launch and recovery such as STOVL or STOBAR.
STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) is a system used for
the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier,
combining elements of both short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL)
with catapult-assisted take-off but with arrested recovery (CATOBAR).

CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT

“Continuously reinforced concrete pavement” as the title suggests this

type of pavement is reinforced throughout in longitudinal direction.

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 This type of pavement has no transverse joints unless and until there is
end of pavement or the pavement comes in contact with some other
pavement or bridge. A longitudinal joint exists only if the road is wider
than 14 feet.
Due to reduction of joints, smooth and continuous riding is possible
resulting in fuel saving. Also CRCP roads are maintenance free if
properly constructed and care is taken while placement of steel.
Once CRCP roads are constructed they need not to be taken care of for
the next 50-60 years. The principal behind this roads is that “Let the road
crack”, exactly opposite as in case of other type of roads where we avoid
crack formation at any cost. CRCP is allowed to crack due to which
stresses in the pavement are released. The cracks formed are held
tightly by the reinforcement, due to which widening and deepening of
cracks is restricted. Hence we can conclude that in CRCP controlled
cracking is permitted.
The initial cost of CRCP is high, but as it is maintenance free, and lasts
for decades, overall cost of CRCP is less as compared to other type of
reinforced concrete pavements.
Study and observations have shown that this type of roads are
alarmingly successful, hence CRCP is widely used in USA, GERMANY,
BRITAN, and several other developed and developing nations. Use of
CRCP will enhance the cement, and steel industries; it will reduce the
fuel consumption by vehicles, and will save lots of money required for
frequent construction and repairs of other type of pavements.

In CRCP reinforcement steel is an important element and it offers the

following functions:-
 Holds crack tight.
 Facilitates load transfer across cracks.
 Provides stiffness by restraining end movement.

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 Figure:1.3 (Cross-section of CRCP)

SOURCE: https://www.civilenineering.com

REFRENCES

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_strip
(accessed on 2/9/216)

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_strip#/media/File:C1
30_Hercules_taxidriving_on_Autobahn_DoD_DF-ST-84-
09439.jpg (accessed on 10/9/2016)

 http://www.forgottenairfields.com/germany/lower-
saxony/oldenburg/ahlhorn-highway-strip-s356.html
(accessed on 28/9/2016)

 Report given by E.A. Finney on flight strip, research

project [42 g 21(2)] (State Highway Commission USA)
(accessed on 11/10/2016)

 www.engineeringcivil.com (accessed on 9/11/2016)

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