MATH 7 MODULE

Module No. 2 : Week 2 : First Quarter

PROBLEMS INVOLVING SETS

Learning Competencies

The learner solves problems involving sets with the use of Venn
diagram.
Code: M7NS-Ib-1

Objectives

The learner analyzes problems involving sets and applies Venn

diagram to solve it.

Let’s Recall

A. Represent the following using Venn diagram.

1. 𝑋 = {𝑚, 𝑎, 𝑡, ℎ} and 𝑌 = {𝑙, 𝑜, 𝑣, 𝑒}
2. 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} and 𝐵 = {1, 2, 5, 10}
3. Let 𝒰 = {𝑗, 𝑢, 𝑑, 𝑔, 𝑚, 𝑒, 𝑛, 𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑙} be the universal set.
Given: 𝐾 = {𝑗, 𝑢, 𝑑, 𝑔, 𝑒} and 𝑃 = {𝑚, 𝑒, 𝑎, 𝑛, 𝑡}
4. Let 𝒰 = {𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑐ℎ} be the universal set.
Given: 𝑃 = {𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑛, 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑏, 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒}
𝑄 = {𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑏, 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏, 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛}
𝑅 = {𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑛, 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑏, 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛}

B. Use the given Venn diagram to find the following sets.

1. 𝐹 ∪ 𝐺 6. (𝐹 ∪ 𝐺)′
2. 𝐹 ∩ 𝐺 7. (𝐹 ∩ 𝐺)′
3. 𝐹′ 8. (𝐹 − 𝐺)′
4. 𝐺′ 9. (𝐺 − 𝐹)′
5. 𝐺 − 𝐹 10. 𝒰′

1
 MATH 7 MODULE

𝒰
t u c a
e
h n r l p

F G

Let’s Understand

Regions of Venn Diagram

A. Venn Diagram with Two Sets
Region I: number of elements that belong
𝒰 to A only
Region II: number of elements that belong
to both A and B
I II III Region III: number of elements that belong
to B only
Region IV: number of elements that do
A B IV not belong to either A or B

Based on the illustration, we can say that:

n(A) = I + II n(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = I + II + III
n(B) = II + III n(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = II
Total number of elements: I + II + III + IV

B. Venn Diagram with Three Sets

Region I: number of elements that
𝒰 belong to A only
Region II: number of elements that
I II III belong to A and B but not in C
Region III: number of elements that

IV V VI
belong to B only
Region IV: number of elements that
A B belong to A and C but not in B
VII Region V: number of elements that
belong to A and B and C
VIII Region VI: number of elements that
C belong to B and C but not in A
Region VII: number of element that

2
 MATH 7 MODULE

belong to C only
Region VIII: number of elements that do not belong to any of the sets

Based on the illustration, we can say that:

n(A) = I + II + IV + V n(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = II + III + IV + V + VI + VII
n(B) = II + III + V + VI n(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = II + V
n(C) = IV + V + VI + VII n(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = IV + V
n(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = I + II + III + IV + V + VI n(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = II + V
n(𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) = I + II + IV + V + VI + VII
Total number of elements: I + II + III + IV + V + VI + VII + VIII

Steps in Solving Word Problems involving Sets

A. Two Sets
1. Draw a Venn diagram with two overlapping sets (circles).
2. Then, fill in the number of elements in region II.
3. Next, find the number of elements in regions I and III.
4. Lastly, look for the number of elements in region IV.

B. Three Sets
1. Draw a Venn diagram with three overlapping sets (circles).
2. Then, fill in the number of elements in region V (where the three circles
overlapped or the innermost region).
3. Next, fill in the number of elements in regions II, IV, and VI (with two
overlapping parts).
4. Afterwards, fill in the number of elements in regions I, III, and VII.
5. Finally, find the number of elements in region VIII (none of the sets) by
subtracting all the number in the Venn diagram from the total number
of elements or 𝑛(𝒰).

Example 1: A group of students were asked what board games do they play.
The results are summarized in the Venn diagram below.

a. How many play scrabble? 7 + 20 = 27

b. How many play chess only? 15
15 7 20 c. How many play chess and scrabble? 7
d. How many play chess or scrabble?
15 + 7 + 20 = 42
Chess 8 Scrabble e. How many students were asked?
15 + 7 + 20 + 8 = 50

Example 2: The Venn diagram below shows the merienda available in the
canteen preferred by 120 Grade 7 students.

3
 MATH 7 MODULE

Pancit Porridge
I. How many students like:
a. porridge?
14 13 9 9 + 13 + 10 + 16 = 48
b. pancit only? 14
10 c. sandwich or porridge?
25 16 21 + 25 + 10 + 16 + 13 + 9
= 𝟗𝟒
12
21 d. pancit but not porridge?
Sandwich 14 + 25 = 39
e. pancit and sandwich?
10 + 25 = 35
f. pancit, porridge and
sandwich? 10
II. How many students do not like:
g. sandwich? 14 + 13 + 9 + 12 = 48
h. pancit? 9 + 16 + 21 + 12 = 58
i. pancit or porridge? 12 + 21 = 33
j. porridge and sandwich? 14 + 13 + 9 + 25 + 21 + 12 = 94
k. any of the three meriendas? 12

Example 3: In a class of 50 students, 32 students like PE, 29 students like

music and 18 students like both PE and music.
a. How many students like PE only?
b. How many students like music only?
c. How many students do not like any of the two?
Solution:
𝒰
Region II = 18
14 18 11 Region I = 32 – 19 = 14
Region III = 29 – 18 = 11
Region IV = 50 – (14 + 18 +11)
7 = 50 – 43 = 7
PE Music
Answers: a. 14 b. 11 c. 7

Example 4: One hundred twenty students were asked which social media
they have signed up with this year. The result of the survey were as
follows:
85 signed up to Facebook
48 signed up to Instagram
42 signed up to Twitter
23 signed up to both Facebook and Instagram
26 signed up to both Facebook and Twitter

4
 MATH 7 MODULE

17 signed up to both Instagram and Twitter

8 signed up to all three

a. How many did not sign up to any of the three?

b. How many signed up to Facebook only?
c. How many signed up to Instagram only?
d. How many signed up to Facbook and Twitter, but not Instagram?

𝒰 Region V=8
Region II = 23 – 8 = 15
44 15 16 Region IV = 26 – 8 = 18
Region VI = 17 – 8 = 9
8 Region I = 85 – (15 + 18 + 8)
18 9 = 85 – 41 = 44
FB Insta
Region III = 48 – (15 + 8 + 9)
7 = 48 – 32 = 16
3 Region VII = 42 – (18 + 8 + 9)
= 42 – 35 = 7
Twitter
Region VIII = 120 – (44 + 15 + 8 + 18 + 9
+ 16 + 7) = 120 – 117 = 3
Answers: a. 3 b. 44 c. 16 d. 18

Let’s Apply

A. A group of students were asked what kind of computer they have at home.
The results are summarized in the Venn diagram below.

1. How many have laptops?

2. How many have desktops only?
3. How many have laptops or desktops? 20 8 12
4. How many have laptops and desktops?
5 How many students were asked?
Laptop Desktop
25

B. The Venn diagram below shows the sport preferred by seventy-five (75)
Grade 7 students.
Basketball Volleyball

15 8 6
7
14 13
3 9
Badminton

5
 MATH 7 MODULE

I. How many students PREFER

a. volleyball?
b. badminton only?
c. basketball or volleyball?
d. volleyball but not basketball?
e. basketball and badminton?
f. basketball, volleyball, and badminton?
II. How many students DO NOT PREFER
g. basketball?
h. basketball or volleyball?
i. volleyball and badminton?
j. any of the three sports?

Let’s Analyze

Solve the followings using a Venn diagram.

1. An animal lover surveys 30 people in an exclusive subdivision. He
found out that:
20 have dogs 15 have cats 10 have both cats and dogs.
a. How many people have dogs only?
b. How many people have cats only?
c. How many people do not have either?

2. In a survey of 20 students in a class:

9 like buko juice 14 like mango juice 6 like both
a. How many students like buko juice or mango juice?
b. How many students like mango juice but not buko juice?
c. How many students did not like either?

3. Ninety coffee drinkers were asked whether they used cream or sugar in
their coffee. The summary of the survey was as follows:
59 use sugar 42 use cream 19 use both
a. How many used sugar but not cream?
b. How many used cream but not sugar?
c. How many used cream or sugar?

4. In a survey of 70 people, James found that:

40 people liked product X
37 liked product Y
38 liked product Z
25 people liked both products X and Y

6
 MATH 7 MODULE

21 people liked products X and Z

19 people liked product Y and Z
8 liked all the three products
a. How many liked product X or Y?
b. How many liked product both X and Y, but not Z?
c. How many did not like any of the three products?

5. In a group of 50 kids:
24 play patintero
15 play piko
21 play taguan
9 play patintero and piko
7 play taguan and piko
6 play patintero and taguan
3 kids play all three
a. How many play piko only?
b. How many play patintero but not taguan?
c. How many play patintero and taguan but not piko?
d. How many do not play any of the three?

6. At a lunch buffet, 95 people chose smoothie and 45 people chose

juice. 25 people chose both smoothie and juice. If each person chose
at least one of these beverages, how many people visited the buffet?

7. In a class of 40 students, 21 are studying Nihongo, 14 are studying

Korean and 5 are studying both Nihingo and Korean. How many
students are not taking any foreign languages?

8. During one summer holiday, 100 students from a school went either to
Siargaao or to Camiguin. If 73 went to Siargao and 65 went to
Camiguin. How many went to both Siargao and Camiguin?

9. One hundred students went to an educational field trip. Four had

sandwich, soft drink and chocolate; 28 had sandwich; 7 had a
sandwich and a soft drink; 36 had soft drinks; 12 had a soft drink and
chocolate; 40 had chocolate; 10 had a sandwich and chocolate. How
many had nothing?

10. In a survey of college students, 60 had taken english course, 90 had

taken science course, 54 had taken social studies course, 24 had
taken english and social studies, 22 had taken english and science, 18

7
 MATH 7 MODULE

had taken science and social studies course, and 10 had taken all the
three courses. Find how many had taken one course only.

Let’s Try

A. The Venn diagram below shows the computer games preferred by ninety
(90) Grade 7 students.
I. How many students PREFER
DOTA LOL 1. DOTA?
2. Counter Strike only?
18 9 9 3. DOTA or LOL?
8 4. Counter Strike but not LOL?
15 14 5. DOTA and Counter Strike?
II. How many students DO NOT
5 12 PREFER
Counter 6. LOL?
Strike 7. DOTA or Counter Strike?
8. any of the three games?

B. Analyze each problem then solve using Venn diagram

1. In a class of 50 students, 35 students like Math, 31 like English, 19 like
both the subjects. How many students who like:
a. Math only? b. English only? c. neither Math nor English?

2. One hundred ten math majors were interviewed:

33 took Modern Geometry
36 took Number Theory
47 took Calculus
14 took Modern Geometry and Number Theory
15 took Modern Geometry and Calculus
11 took Number Theory and Calculus
9 took all three subjects
a. How many students did not took any of three subjects?
b. How many students took Modern Geometry but not Number Theory
or Calculus?
c. How many took students Modern Geometry and Number Theory but
not Calculus?