K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Batch: A4 Roll No.: 1923005

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No. 1
Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

TITLE: Study of RF equipments.

AIM: To study various RF equipments (RF signal generator, spectrum analyzer, vector
network analyzer)

OUTCOME:

CO2: Students will be able to explain the high frequency behavior of passive components
and design different types of filters.

CO5: Student will be able to discuss special type of antennas and their applications.

Theory:

1) Features and applications of RF signal generator.

Features of RF signal generator:

 9 kHz to 3 GHz frequency range.
 Built in AM, FM, FM, and pulse modulation.
 Minimum output level is -120dBm.
 Maximum output level is +13 dBm.
 Built in AM, FM, FM, and pulse modulation.
 Minimum Frequency deviation is 0.02.
 Maximum Frequency deviation is 100 KHz
 Reverse power protection is of 2 watt.
 Operating Temperature Range is 00C to 450C

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Page No RFA Sem V/July - Nov 2020

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Applications of RF signal generator:

 Testing components.
 In Audio and Video Broadcasting.
 Testing receivers and system in cellular communication, Wifi, GPS.
 It is also used in satellite communication, radar, and electronic warfare.

Radio Frequency Signal Generator

2) Features and applications of spectrum analyser

Features of Spectrum Analyzer:

 It measures power spectrum.

 Used to examine the components of waveform whether it is electrical, acoustic or
optical.
 It can only measure the frequency of the response at powers as low as 100dBm.

Applications of Spectrum Analyzer:

 Spectrum analysers are widely used to measure the frequency response, noise and
distortion characteristics of all kinds of radio-frequency (RF) circuitry, by comparing
the input and output spectra.
 Measure Spectral purity of multiplex signal
 Microwave Tower Monitoring
 Spectrum analysers are used to determine occupied bandwidth and track interference
 sources.

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Page No RFA Sem V/July - Nov 2020

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Spectrum Analyzer

3) Features and applications of Vector network analyzer

Features of Vector Spectrum Analyzer:

 Contains a source and receivers(s).
 Uses known stimulus
 2 channels or more
 Offers advanced calibration, more accurate
 Limited to analog and pulsed signals.

Applications of Vector Spectrum Analyzer:

 Filters
 Antenna matching and tuning
 Amplifiers
 Mixers
 Balanced components.

Vector Spectrum Analyzer

Post Lab Questions:

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Page No RFA Sem V/July - Nov 2020

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

1. Explain S parameters for two port network.

2. List the parameters can be measured with VNA.

Answer:

A network analyser is an instrument that measures the network

parameters of electrical networks.
Today, network analysers commonly measures s-parameters because reflection
and transmission of electrical networks are easy to measure at high frequencies.
Also parameters like Transmission lines basics and Reflected &Transmission
can be measured.

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Page No RFA Sem V/July - Nov 2020

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
3. Why most RF equipment use logarithmic or dB Scale.
Answer:

Most of RF equipment use logarithmic or dB scale because by using a

logarithmic or decibel scale for the amplitude scale, it is possible to see signals
with large differences in amplitude.

Conclusion:

In this experiment we studied about various RF equipments like RF signal

generator, Spectrum analyser, Vector network analyser and also studied about
theirfeatures and where it is used. RF” refers to the use of electromagnetic radiation for
transferring informationbetween two circuits that have no direct electrical connection.

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Page No RFA Sem V/July - Nov 2020