Aim:

Simulate Single phase H-bridge Inverter using Unipolar Switching scheme in MATALAB
with the following specs:
Vin=200 v, L=2mH, and R=5 Ω;
And show the output voltage, current, and the PWM signals to the four switches.

Theory:
Single Phase H-bridge Inverter:
If any application or device required the conversion from DC to AC, we use Inverter.
The output of the Inverter should be a pure sinusoidal wave because it contains no harmonics
which is requirement of various application and industries as well as electric grid, in order to
minimize the losses and improve the efficiency.

Figure-01

Single phase H-bridge inverter contains four Switches (like MOSFET, IGBT and Transistor,
etc) and has a DC supply voltage at input side.
Switches are operated in a complementary fashion and in the figure-01 switches M1,M4 are
mutually exclusive to each other and similarly switches M3,M2 are also mutually exclusive.
In order to get the desired output we have various switching techniques like;
1. Bipolar Switching
2. Unipolar Switching
3. Hybrid Switching or Low frequency Switching
In this challenge we will be focussing on the Unipolar Switching technique for an Inverter;
Unipolar Switching Scheme:
In this switching scheme we have two reference or modulated signal having same amplitude
and frequency (fm) with 180° phase shift to each other.
 V refA (t)=V m sin wt

V ref ( t ) =V m sin ( wt + π )=−V m sin wt=V refB (t)

We have one carrier signal (sawtooth in nature) of frequency (fc) greater than the 20 times of
the frequency of modulated signal that is;
f c ≥ 20 f m

Working:
 We have two legs A and B, the leg contains switch M3 and M2 named as leg “A” and
the leg contains switch M1 and M4 named as leg “B”.
 We provide PWM-A to switch M3 and it’s inverting PWM through NOT gate to
switch M2, according to the Figure-01.
 We give PWM-B to switch M1 and NOT of it is going to switch M4.
 Switching state of the mechanism along with the conditions are given below in Table:

Conditions Switch Switch Switch Switch

M1 M2 M3 M4
V refA >V carrier OFF ON
V refA <V carrier ON OFF
V refB > V carrier ON OFF
V refB < V carrier OFF ON

 According to the above switching conditions we get the waveforms of PWM-A and
PWM-B.
  Now if we subtract the waveform of PWM-A from PWM-B then we get the
waveform of the voltage V AB.
 And then we pass this voltage waveform to filter inductor to get the desired sinusoidal
waveform.
Schematic of Single Phase H-bridge Inverter:

Required Blocks and Parameter:

Sawtooth Generator:

It’s generate a Sawtooth wave whose magnitude swing between +1 to -1, we set it’s
frequency to 20 KHz.
AC Voltage Source:
We use two ac voltage source block in order to generate two reference or modulated pure sine
wave signal.

Relational Operator:
We use this block to compare the reference signal to sawtooth signal.
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) Block:

This block is used to find how much percentage, the output current is distorted from its
fundamental component of current. In ideal situation THD is zero.
Inductor:

Load Resistance:

Simulation Result:
Zoom-OUT:
In the above plots we can clearly see this both the reference wave are 180° phase shift to each
other.
And the output voltage across AB is almost nearer to the sinusoidal behaviour with the
amplitude is same as the amplitude of the sinusoidal reference waveform which is 200V
Zoom-IN:

In the above plot we can see the clear picture of sawtooth wave swing from -1 to +1 with the
frequency of 20 KHz.
PWM_A_M3 has square pulses with magnitude of +1 and PWM_B_M1 has also the square
pulses with phase shift which is obvious because our Vref_B has also Phase shift.
The output voltage across AB is the difference between PWM_A_M3 and PWM_B_M1
waveform, which is shown clearly in the above plots.
Output Voltage and Output Current:
Zoom-OUT:
Now, we observe that the output voltage is nearly a sinusoidal wave shape after filtering from
2mH Inductor.
The amplitude of the output voltage wave shape is around 188.6V.
The amplitude of the output current wave shape is around 37.73A.
The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) we measured approximately 0.012% as shown below,
Output Voltage Ripple:

The output voltage has ripple as shown above in data inspection window, and we see that
ripple is swing between 124.7-120.8V, which is obviously the less than the 1%.
PWM Plots of the Four Switches:
In the scope window we clearly see that how the four switches operates by its PWM in every
cycle. We briefly discussed above the PWM of switch M1 and M3 and here we again see four
of them together.
Zoom-OUT:
In Zoom-OUT scope window, we clearly see that all the four switches, PWM operates in
between 0 and 1.
Zoom-IN:

We clearly see in above plots that, the PWM for switch M3 and and M2 are complementary
to each other.
The PWM for switch M1 and M4 are complementary to each other.

Conclusion:
In this challenge we study how the single phase H- Bridge Inverter works and how PWM’s
are generated for all four switches and most important that we observe that our output of
Inverter after the filter, is nearly to the sinewave, which contains negligible ripples in their
wave shape.

Simulink File:
1. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SgjBOiQqryr0jxM_qo787e-TqRCjGxKR/view?
usp=share_link

References:
1. Power Electronics Converters, Applications, and Design 3rd Edition. NED MOW.