ANSYS Tutorial: Modal Analysis

ANSYS Tutorial
Slides to accompany lectures in

Vibro-Acoustic Design in Mechanical Systems
© 2012 by D. W. Herrin
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40506-0503
Tel: 859-218-0609
dherrin@engr.uky.edu
Modal Analysis
Modal/Harmonic Analysis Using ANSYS
g  Used to determine the natural frequencies and

mode shapes of a continuous structure
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 2 ME 510/499 Vibro-

University of Kentucky Acoustic Design
1
Review of Multi DOF Systems
x1 x2
K1 K2 K3
F1 F2
M1 M2
C1 C2 C3
g  Expressed in matrix form as
[M ]{u}+ [C]{u}+ [K ]{u}= {F}

Review of Multi DOF Systems

[M ]{u}+ [C]{u}+ [K ]{u}= {F}
g  The mass, damping and stiffness matrices are

constant with time
g  The unknown nodal displacements vary with

time

2
Modal Analysis
g  A continuous structure has an infinite number of
degrees of freedom
g  The finite element method approximates the
real structure with a finite number of DOFs
g  N mode shapes can be found for a FEM having
N DOFs
g  Modal Analysis
ü  Process for determining the N natural frequencies and
mode shapes
Modal Analysis
g  Given “suitable” initial conditions, the structure

will vibrate
ü  at one of its natural frequencies
ü  the shape of the vibration will be a scalar
multiple of a mode shape
g  Given “arbitrary” initial conditions, the resulting

vibration will be a
ü  Superposition of mode shapes
3
Modal Analysis
g  Determines the vibration characteristics (natural

frequencies and mode shapes) of a structural
components
g  Natural frequencies and mode shapes are a

starting point for a transient or harmonic
analysis
ü  If using the mode superposition method

Mode Shape of a Thin Plate (240 Hz)


4
Mode Extraction Methods
g  Subspace
g  Block Lanczos
g  PowerDynamics
g  Reduced
g  Unsymmetric
g  Damped and QR damped (Include damping)

Steps in Modal Analysis

g  Build the model
ü  Same as for static analysis
ü  Use top-down or bottom-up techniques
g  Apply loads and obtain solution
ü  Only valid loads are zero-value displacement
constraints
ü  Other loads can be specified but are ignored
g  Expand the modes and review results
5
In-Class Exercise
b = 43 in E = 30E6 psi
h = 5 in 2
⎛ lb ⎞ ⎛ s ⎞
ρ = 8.031E − 4 ⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ in ⎠ ⎝ in ⎠
360 inches
In-Class Exercise
g  Set element type to BEAM188
g  Set the appropriate material constants and

section properties
g  Create Keypoints at the start and end of the

beam and a Line between them

6
Create Three Keypoints
Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Keypoints > In
g 
Active CS
  Enter the following values for keypoint 1
  NPT=1, x=0, y=0 z=0 <Apply>
  NPT=2, x= 180, y=0 z=0 <Apply>
  NPT=3, x= 360, y=0 z=0 <Apply>
  <Okay>
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering ME 510/499 Vibro-

Create Lines Between Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Lines >

g 
Straight Line
  Select KP 1 and 2 in graphics window
  Select KP 2 and 3 in graphics window
  <Okay>

7
Mesh the Lines to Create Elements
Preprocessor > Meshing - Size Controls > Lines -

g 
All Lines >

  Size = 5
  <Okay>
g  Preprocessor > Meshing - Mesh Lines > Pick All

  <Okay>

Mesh the Line and Apply B.C.s

g  Fix the Keypoint at the right end of the beam

8
Set Solution Options
g  Change the analysis type to Modal

ü  Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis
ü  <Modal>
g  Set the analysis options

ü  Solution > Analysis Options
ü  Extract 10 mode <OK>
ü  Enter <1500> for the ending frequency

g  At this point, you have told ANSYS to find a

particular quantity of modes and to look within a
particular frequency range. If ANSYS finds that
quantity before it finishes the frequency range,
it will stop the search. If ANSYS does not find
that quantity before finishing the frequency
range, then it will stop the search.

9
g  Solve the load set
g  ANSYS generates a substep result for each

natural frequency and mode shape

Postprocessing
g  List results summary

ü  General Postproc > List Results > Results
Summary
g  Read results for a substep
ü  General Postproc > Read Results > First Set
ü  Plot deformed geometry
ü  General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set
ü  Plot deformed geometry
10
Harmonic Response Analysis
g Solves the time-dependent equations of motion

for linear structures undergoing steady-state
vibration
g All loads and displacements vary sinusoidally at
the same frequency
Fi = F sin(ωt + φ1 )
Fj = F sin(ωt + φ2 )
Harmonic Response Analysis

g Analyses can generate plots of displacement

amplitudes at given points in the structure as a
function of forcing frequency

11
Forced Response
g  Apply a 1.0 N load at the left end of the beam
g  New Analysis > Harmonic
g  Set the Analysis Options

ü  Set the solution method to “Mode Superposition”
ü  Set
the DOF printout format to “Amplitude and
phase” <OK>
ü  Set the number of modes to 10 <OK>
Forced Response
g  Set the frequency substeps

ü  Solution
> Load Step Opts – Time Frequency
> Freq and Substeps
ü  Set
the Harmonic Frequency Range to
between 0 and 50 Hz
ü  Set the number of substeps to 100
ü  Set to Stepped

12
Forced Response
g  Set the damping

ü  Solution
> Load Step Opts – Time Frequency
> Damping
ü  Set the Constant Damping Ratio to 0.01
g  Solve the model

Expansion Pass
Finish
Solution > Analysis Type > Expansion Pass …

13
Expansion Pass Setup
Solution > Load Step Opts > Expansion Pass >
Single Expand > Range of Solu’s
100
Important – if yes the files are huge
50
Solution > Solve > Current LS

Forced Response
g  Enter time history postprocessor > Define Variables …
Define New List Variables and

Variables print out to file
Graph
Variables

14
Create Nodes
Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Nodes > In Active

g 
CS
  Enter the following values for Node 1
  NPT=1, x=180, y=-10 z=0 <Apply>

Add Vertical Truss Member

g  Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/Delete

  <Add>
  <Okay> Select Link 180
  <Close>
g  Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete
  <Add>
  <Okay> to select type 1
  Enter the values
  A= 10 in2
  <Okay>

15
Set Element Attributes
g  Modeling > Create > Elements > Elem Attributes

  Select appropriate material properties and real constant table
Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Elements > Auto-Numbered-Thru
g 
Nodes
  Select appropriate nodes and apply

16

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ANSYS Tutorial

Slides to accompany lectures in

g Used to determine the natural frequencies and

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 2 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Expressed in matrix form as

[M ]{u}+ [C]{u}+ [K ]{u}= {F}

Review of Multi DOF Systems

[M ]{u}+ [C]{u}+ [K ]{u}= {F}

g The mass, damping and stiffness matrices are

g The unknown nodal displacements vary with

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 4 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Given “suitable” initial conditions, the structure

g Given “arbitrary” initial conditions, the resulting

g Determines the vibration characteristics (natural

g Natural frequencies and mode shapes are a

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 7 ME 510/499 Vibro-

Mode Shape of a Thin Plate (240 Hz)

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 8 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Damped and QR damped (Include damping)

Steps in Modal Analysis

g Set element type to BEAM188

g Set the appropriate material constants and

g Create Keypoints at the start and end of the

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 12 ME 510/499 Vibro-

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering ME 510/499 Vibro-

Create Lines Between Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Lines >

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering ME 510/499 Vibro-

Preprocessor > Meshing - Size Controls > Lines -

All Lines >

g Preprocessor > Meshing - Mesh Lines > Pick All

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering ME 510/499 Vibro-

Mesh the Line and Apply B.C.s

g Fix the Keypoint at the right end of the beam

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 16 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Change the analysis type to Modal

g Set the analysis options

Set Solution Options

g At this point, you have told ANSYS to find a

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 18 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Solve the load set

g ANSYS generates a substep result for each

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 19 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g List results summary

g Solves the time-dependent equations of motion

Harmonic Response Analysis

g Analyses can generate plots of displacement

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 22 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Apply a 1.0 N load at the left end of the beam

g New Analysis > Harmonic

g Set the Analysis Options

g Set the frequency substeps

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 24 ME 510/499 Vibro-

g Set the damping

g Solve the model

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 25 ME 510/499 Vibro-

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 26 ME 510/499 Vibro-

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Define New List Variables and

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 28 ME 510/499 Vibro-

Preprocessor > Modeling - Create > Nodes > In Active

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering ME 510/499 Vibro-

Add Vertical Truss Member

g  Used to determine the natural frequencies and

g  Expressed in matrix form as

g  The mass, damping and stiffness matrices are

g  The unknown nodal displacements vary with

g  Given “suitable” initial conditions, the structure

g  Given “arbitrary” initial conditions, the resulting

g  Determines the vibration characteristics (natural

g  Natural frequencies and mode shapes are a

g  Damped and QR damped (Include damping)

g  Set element type to BEAM188

g  Set the appropriate material constants and

g  Create Keypoints at the start and end of the

g  Preprocessor > Meshing - Mesh Lines > Pick All

g  Fix the Keypoint at the right end of the beam

g  Change the analysis type to Modal

g  Set the analysis options

g  At this point, you have told ANSYS to find a

g  Solve the load set

g  ANSYS generates a substep result for each

g  List results summary

g Solves the time-dependent equations of motion

g Analyses can generate plots of displacement

g  Apply a 1.0 N load at the left end of the beam

g  New Analysis > Harmonic

g  Set the Analysis Options

g  Set the frequency substeps

g  Set the damping

g  Solve the model

g  Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/Delete

g  Modeling > Create > Elements > Elem Attributes