13a Vectors in 2 Dimensions

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lIGCSEAlPast Year v
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m Vectors m Unit 13a
A e d e in 2 Dimensions
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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 13 Vectors in 2 dimensions
Mathematical Formulae
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1. ALGEBRA
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Quadratic Equation
c in
For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, A l v
i n
−b 2
b − 4 ac A y
v
x=
l 2a
y
A e m e m
Binomial Theorem
y d ad
m ( ) ( ) n
c a () n c n
d e A
(a + b)n = an + 1 an–1 b + 2 an–2 b2 + … + r an–r br + … + bn,
A
ca ( ) vin n n!
in
lv
where n is a positive integer and r =
A l
(n – r)!r!
A
i n A y
lv m
y m
A e d e 2. TRIGONOMETRY
d a
ca c
Identities
A A sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
i n sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A
lv cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A
Formulae for ∆ABC

A
a b c
sin A = sin B = sin C
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
1
∆= bc sin A
2
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J4N J2N J- 5N
2 Vectors a, b and c are such that a = K O, b = K O and c = K O .
L3P L2P L2P
(i) Show that a = b + c .
y [2]
e m
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c in
A lv
i n A y
lv y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
c ad
(ii) Given that ma + nb = 7c , find the value of m and of n.
i n in [3]
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
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11 A
y
M
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P
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c in
A lv
in A
O N B
lv y
In the diagram OA = 2a and OB = 5b . The point M is the midpoint of OA and the point N lies on OBy
such that ON : NB = 3: 2 .
A em e m
y d ad
m c a
(i) Find an expression for the vector MB in terms of a and b.
c
[2]
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
The point P lies on AN such that AP = mAN .
A
(ii) Find an expression for the vector AP in terms of m, a and b. [2]
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11 (iii) Find an expression for the vector MP in terms of m, a and b. [2]
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e m
ad
c in
A lv
i n A y
lv
(iv) Given that M, P and B are collinear, find the value of m.
y [4]
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
Question 12 is printed on the next page.
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12
A
P y
R
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c in
A lv
in A
O B
Q
lv y y
A em e m
The position vectors of points A and B relative to an origin O are a and b respectively. The point P
point R.
y ad
is such that OP = n OA . The point Q is such that OQ = m OB . The lines AQ and BP intersect at the
d
m c a c
(i)
e
Express AQ in terms of m, a and b.
A A [1]
cad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d
(ii) Express BP in terms of n , a and b.
ad [1]
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
It is given that 3AR = AQ and 8BR = 7BP .
(iii) Express OR in terms of m, a and b. [2]
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12 (iv) Express OR in terms of n , a and b. [2]
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ad
c in
(v) Hence find the value of n and of m. A lv [3]
i n A y
l v y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
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3 Points A and B have coordinates (−2, 10) and (4, 2) respectively. C is the mid-point of the line AB.
12
Point D is such that CD = c m.
y
9
(i) Find the coordinates of C and of D. [3]
e m
ad
c in
A lv
i n A y
lv y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e
(ii) Show that CD is perpendicular to AB.
A A [3]
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
(iii) Find the area of triangle ABD. [2]
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5
R
y
3a
e m
ad Q
c
X
in
O A P
a
l v
i n b
A y
lv y
In the diagram OP = b , PQ = a and OR = 3a . The lines OQ and PR intersect at X.
A em e m
(i) Given that OX = n OQ , express OX in terms of n , a and b.
y d ad [1]
m c a c
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
(ii) Given that RX = mRP , express OX in terms of m, a and b.
i n A A [2]
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
RX
(iii) Hence find the value of n and of m and state the value of the ratio . [3]
XP
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5 The position vectors of the points A and B relative to an origin O are −2i + 17j and 6i + 2j respectively.
(i) Find the vector AB. [1]
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e m
ad
c in
(ii) Find the unit vector in the direction of AB. A lv [2]
i n A y
lv y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i A A
(iii) The position vector of the point C relative to the origin O is such that OC = OA + m OB , where m
n
is a constant. Given that C lies on the x-axis, find the vector OC . [3]
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
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7
4a B
A
y
X
e m
ad b
c in
A lv
D
i n A C
y
lv 7a
y
A em e m
y d d
In the diagram AB = 4a, BC = b and DC = 7a. The lines AC and DB intersect at the point X. Find, in
a
terms of a and b,
m c a c
e A A
ad
(i) DA, [1]
c i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
m em
DB.
A
(ii)
e d
[1]
d a
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
Given that AX = mAC , find, in terms of a, b and m,
(iii) AX , A [1]
(iv) DX . [2]
11
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7 Given that DX = nDB ,
(v) find the value of m and of n . [4]

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m c a c
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A l v l v
i n A A
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A em e m
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ca A
c
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A
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7 (a) The four points O, A, B and C are such that
OA = 5a , OB = 15b , OC = 24b - 3a .
Show that B lies on the line AC. y [3]
e m
ad
c in
A lv
i n A y
lv y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
cad i n in
A l v l v
(b) Relative to an origin O, the position vector of the point P is i – 4j and the position vector of the
i n
point Q is 3i + 7j. Find
A A
lv
(i) PQ , y y [2]
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
i
lv
A
(ii) the unit vector in the direction PQ, [1]
(iii) the position vector of M, the mid-point of PQ. [2]
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5 - 10 6
3 Relativetoanorigin O,pointsA, BandChavepositionvectorsc m,c mandc mrespectively.All
4 12 - 18
distancesaremeasuredinkilometres.Amandrivesataconstantspeeddirectlyfrom AtoB in20minutes.
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(i) Calculatethespeedinkmh–1atwhichthemandrivesfromAtoB. [3]
ad
c in
A lv
i n A y
l v y
A em e m
y d ad
m c a c
e A A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
i n A A
lv y y
A em e m
d ad
ca A
c
A n
Henowdrivesdirectlyfrom BtoCatthesamespeed.
i
lv
(ii) Findhowlongittakeshimtodrivefrom BtoC. [3]
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13a Vectors in 2 Dimensions

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13a Vectors in 2 Dimensions

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y

Formulae for ∆ABC

11 (iii) Find an expression for the vector MP in terms of m, a and b. [2]

Question 12 is printed on the next page.

(iii) Express OR in terms of m, a and b. [2]

12 (iv) Express OR in terms of n , a and b. [2]

(i) Find the vector AB. [1]

7 Given that DX = nDB ,

(v) find the value of m and of n . [4]

7 (a) The four points O, A, B and C are such that

Show that B lies on the line AC. y [3]

(iii) the position vector of M, the mid-point of PQ. [2]

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