TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Civil Engineering Department

CE 511
Structural Steel Design

PROPOSED DESIGN OF 5 STOREY STEEL STRUCTURE SCHOOL (GOLDEN SIERRA SCHOOL)

LOCATED AT 810 MORIONES ST., TONDO, CITY OF MANILA

PREPARED BY:
LERUM, ARJAY S.
JUBILO, JOHN BRAYLE M.

CE52FC5

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Jerome Z. Tadiosa
Instructor
 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 The Project

Education is important, it give us knowledge and help you see what the world looks like, it will change
your view to the perspective of your life. Education helps you what do you want to be in life and you will
have points in life to know why you choose this role? And also helps you build opinions in world that you
are looking.

How can we attain education? That’s where the school will come, it helps us to do many things like
critically analyzing some problems, to read, to perform confidently, to solve mathematical problems or
equations, to help us to write, and many great things that the school will teach to us. In this case, we will
understand some things necessary in life that can never be understand without proper education.

As we all know, in Tondo, there are Filipinos who is poor and does not have enough money to put their
children in school. Golden Sierra School will rise at the heart of the Tondo that will give students free
tuition. In that way, after finishing their school in Golden Sierra School, there we will be an opportunity for
them to have work by the help of the government and that is the first step for the students to their families
to rise up from poverty not just to their families but also to the economy of the Philippines.

The project is a steel structure school building which is located at 810 Moriones St., Tondo, City of
Manila and has a total lot area of 30,171 sqm. The Golden Sierra will be having an easy access to the
people who lives in Tondo. This building provides best facilities to boost students to study harder and it
acquires best teachers and has advance technologies for better teaching.
1.2 Project Location

The location of the Golden Sierra School is at 810 Moriones St., Tondo, City of Manila as seen the
figure below. The setting is accessible to road, transportation and for the people.

PROJECT SITE

Figure 1: Satellite View of 810 Moriones street, Tondo, Manila

Source:https://www.google.com/maps/place/810+Moriones+St,+Tondo,+Manila,
+Metro+Manila/@14.6094205,120.9682526,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3397ca097ed7f3bb:0x49f9d6214bcf3b5!
8m2!3d14.6094205!4d120.9704413

1.3 Project Objectives

The group aims to finish the following objectives.

1.3.1 General Objectives

The main objective of our design project is to be able to perform analysis and design of reinforced
concrete members and connections by a Reinforced concrete residential building based on engineering
methods and third party applications, in compliance to the requirements and standards of National Building
Code of the Philippines and ACI Code (American Concrete Institute) and other national code governing
structural concrete. We, our team aims to give people a proper education and give them free tuition to
lessen their fess that is needed to be compensated.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To analyze and design a steel structure school that is in compliance with the NSCP 2015
standards, codes, provisions and Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines 2014.
 To design a structure that will comply the needs and expectations of the client
 To give the best possible solution of the said problem with the use of a different trade-offs.
1.4 The Client

The client of the project will be the Mayor of the Manila, Mayor Francisco Moreno Domagoso or
also known as Isko Moreno or “Yorme”. The City of Manila will be providing the budget, the data that is
needed to be gathered and also the one will provide free tuition fees for the students and will be called as
“Iskolar ni Yorme”.

1.5 Project Scope and Limitation

1.5.1 Project Scope

The following are the scope of the design project:

• To design a basic architectural plan.

• To design a structural plan.
• The project will include structural analysis.
• To identification of the nearest fault line.
• The project will be having structural design.
• Our team will be including the computation.
• The project will be having load combinations.
• Our team will be having design criteria in this project.
• Detailing will be included in the project.
• Concrete and Steel Take-off will be included in the project.
• The project will be having the detailed estimation for architectural and structural.

The following are the limitations of the design project:

 Electrical Design will not be included.

 Mechanical Design will not be included.
 Plumbing Design will not be included.

1.6 Project Development Plan

The project is a 5 – storey structural steel school building at 810 Moiones St., Tondo, City of Manila.
1. Identify the problem – Identifying the existing problem that the designer intends to address to share
opinions and formulate solutions to the resulting problems.
2. Data gathering – After identifying the problem, the designer gather data on the said project and a
review of related concepts takes place to begin the project with its problems and possible solutions.
3. Design of architectural and structural configuration – The minimum architectural requirement and
standards are selected under the National Building Code of the Philippines
4. Constraints – The designer identifies and select constraints that affect the design of the structures.
5. Trade-offs – The designer evaluates options used for the project and approach best meets the goal
of the project.
6. Estimation of trade-offs – The designer estimates the possible expenses of trade-offs used in the
structure.
7. Structural analysis and design – The minimum design loads used in the project was selected under
the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015) and Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines 2014 (ASEP 2014)
 CHAPTER 2: DESIGN CRITERIA AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Design Criteria

For us to design a structural steel school that is located at 810 Moriones St., Tondo, City of Manila,
we must first gather data that is required from the respective areas who holds the data that we need and
that may use as basis from our project.

2.1.1 Description of Structure

Golden Sierra School has a floor area of 16 meters by 25 meters with a total of 400 square meters.
which can hold 400 students. The school will be made of steel structure, steel is tensile and has high
strength per unit mass, and steel will be small and lightweight unlike the other materials in building a
structure. When it comes to saving time and increasing the efficiency of the process of the construction,
steel is the recommended material and it can be easily fabricated and produced massively. When it comes
to durability, steel can withstand earthquake, typhoons, and thunderstorms. A perfectly built steel structure
can last up to 30 years if maintained well, yes it will be expensive in maintaining a steel structure but the
safety of the people inside the structure will be safe from the catastrophes that may happen in the future.
Unlike in any other materials, steel is flexible you can mold it into any shape you like and relatively cheap
than the other building materials.

Table 2-1: Total Floor Area and Areas in each floor of Golden Sierra School

Rooms Total area of each room (m2)

Administration Office
Chemistry & Physics Laboratory 58.50
Classroom (9) 39.00
Comfort Room (4)
Computer Laboratory 58.50
Dressing Room 17.50
Faculty Room
Library Room 88.20
P.E. Hall 242.50

2.1.2 Classification of Structure

The classification of the occupancy of the Golden Sierra School is based on the National Structural
Code of the Philippines 20115 (2015) and Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines 2014
(ASEP 2014). The parameters that will be used in the classification of the structure must be serve as basis.
The occupancy category of our project will fall to Essential Facilities
2.1.3 Design Location Data

2.1.3.1 Vicinity Map

Figure below illustrates the vicinity map of Barangay 8, Tondo, City of Manila

2.1.3.2 Demography

According to Census, Barangay 8 in Tondo, City of Manila, has a total population of 137 as of
2015, August 01 with a growth rate of -38.80%. Represented 0.02% of the total population of Manila. The
highest population among the years at the table below is 2007, May 01 with a total population of 1,806 with
a growth rate of 9.57%.

Census Date Population Growth Rate (%)

1990 May 1 946 -
1995 September 1 920 -0.52
2000 May 1 1,012 2.06
2007 August 1 1,405 4.63
2010 May 1 1,806 9.57
2015 Aug 1 137 -38.80
2.1.3.3 Topographic Map

In this figure below, it shows here the surface elevation of the Manila, which can help to identify the
height of the soil in a spcecific area.

2.1.3.4 Hazard Map

2.1.3.4.1 Earthquake

This a composite map of estimates of maximum intensities for various earthquake scenarios that
may affect the study area.
 In the figure below, here is the earthquake hazard of the city of Manila with the event scenario of
magnitude 7.2 earthquake along the west valley fault, and also stating the Intensity scale to its respecting
color. We also include the map where the West Valley fault is located in NCR
2.1.3.4.2 Tsunami

This tsunami hazard map was generated using available tsunami programs. In the figure below, here is the
Tsunami Hazard map of the City of Manila and the Tsunami inundation height in meters.
2.1.3.4.3 Liquefaction

This map was generated using spatial analysis and interpolation of estimated liquefaction
probability of borehole logs, computed based on geotechnical properties, geology, geomorphology,
hydrology, earthquake source zone, preliminary microtremor survey data, and historical accounts of
liquefaction.

In the figure below, here is the map of Manila indicating the Liquefaction Hazard in Manila and
stating the Liquefaction Potential to its respecting color. Red means high, purple means moderate, and
yellow means low.
2.1.3.4.4 Typhoon

Figure below, here is the Typoom Hazard Map of the City of Manila, it indicates here how high is
the flood when there is a storm in a Storm Surge 4 into its corresponding colors.
2.1.3.4.5 Wind

Figure below, is the map of Manila indicating the 20-Year Return Period Wind Hazard, it indicates
here also the wind speed in kph into its respected color.
2.1.3.4.6 Flood

Figure below, here is the Flood Hazard Map of the City of Manila, it indicates here how high is the
flood in a 25-year Flood Hazards into its corresponding colors.
2.1.3.5 Geotechnical Report

2.1.3.5.1 Borehole

Borehole is a narrow hole in the ground made by humans to fulfill its purpose like extracting
water, liquids, or gas coming from ground below, or for geotechnical investigation and others.

In Manila they conducted the Standard Penetration Test at intervals of 1.5m and using kinds of
drilling works in order to get a sample and get the penetration resistance of the soil form above to
below ground.

They use different kinds of drilling works to get the accurate data on what they are looking for
about the soil in Manila. They use Rotary Core Drilling (ASTM D 2331), Undisturbed Soil Sampling (ASTM
D 1587), Wash Boring, Standard Penetration Test (AST D 1586), and Groundwater Level Measurement.

After getting the soil sample it will undergo to several laboratory which will they test it with the
procedure of American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). They use Water (Moisture) Content of Soil
and Rock (ASTM D 2116), Particle Size Analysis (ASTM D 422), Atterberg Limits of Soils (ASTM D 4318),
and Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification Systm) (ASTM D 2487).

Upon testing all the samples they do have a final result from observation, and base on the test
you will see the result in the figure below.

LAYER DEPTH USCS SPT-N REMARKS(RELATIVEL DENSITY /

ID (m) CLASSIFICATION VALUE CONSISTENCY
A 0.9-0 CL /SM 19-30 Very Stiff / Medium DENSE
B 9.0-22.5 CL 6-14 Medium Stiff
C 22.5-27.0 CL / ML 22-30 Very Stiff
D 27.0-30.0 CH / MH 46-52 Hard
2.1.3.5.2 Test Pit Soil Profile
2.1.3.5.3 Soil Properties

2.1.3.5.3.1 AASHTO Soil Specification

Figure below is the AASHTO Soil Specification:

2.1.3.5.3.2 USCS Soil Classification System

Figure below is the USCS Soil Classification System:

2.1.3.5.4 Recommended Design Criteria

In Foundation Condition he results of the ground investigation suggest the alluvial deposits made
of compacted sand and thick clay layer. With the possible loads from the monument, a shallow foundation
is one that we can use. The bottom of shallow foundations shall be embedded at least 2.0m from natural
grade line. Lean concrete shall be provided with a minimum thickness of 50mm under all shallow
foundations.

As for the Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement, the allowable soil bearing capacity is at
150kPa with an increase of 33% for the value that is being stated involving wind and seismic loads. Applied
loads does not exceed the allowable soil bearing capacity there fore the settlement is unlikely to exceed
25mm under normal conditions.
2.1.4 Building Plan

2.1.4.1 Site Development Plan

2.1.4.2 Floor Plan

2.1.4.3 Elevations

2.1.4.4 Ceiling Plan

2.1.4.5 Sections

2.1.4.6 Schedule of Finishes

2.1.5 Design Loads

2.1.5.1 Dead Loads

2.1.5.2 Live Loads

2.1.5.3 Wind Loads

2.1.5.4 Seismic Loads

2.2 Review of Related Literature

2.2.1 Foreign Literature

According to Luco, N. & Cornell, A. (2014). Effects of Random Connection Fractures on the
Demands and Reliability for a 3-Storey Pre-Northridge SMRF Structure. Since the Northridge earthquake of
1994, the seismic reliability of new and existing steel moment-resisting frame (SMRF) buildings has been in
question. The observed brittle fractures of welded beam-column connections have prompted research on
how brittle connection behavior affects the seismic performance of SMRF structures. As a means for
quantifying some of the effects of connection fractures, a procedure for assessing the seismic drift demand
hazard for a structure, and its reliability against a particular collapse limit state, is presented. The procedure
combines a conventional spectral acceleration seismic hazard curve with results of a suite of nonlinear
analyses, as demonstrated for a three-story SMRF building designed according to practices prevalent
before the Northridge earthquake (i.e., pre-Northridge).
The procedure combines an existing site hazard curve for spectral acceleration with drift response
results from nonlinear dynamic analyses of a model structure subjected to several ground motions at
different levels of intensity (as measured by spectral acceleration), to arrive at a drift demand hazard curve.
The procedure presented and demonstrated can be used not only to evaluate the seismic reliability
of a model structure, but also to quantify the effects of brittle connection behavior on the performance of a
structure. For the pre-Northridge three-story SMRF structure considered as an example, connection
fractures appear to have a modest effect on the drift demand and the drift demand hazard for larger
intensity ground motions (as measured by spectral acceleration), when in general the drift demand is
larger. The effect of connection fractures is less pronounced for smaller intensity ground motions and drift
demands. A comparison of the probabilities of failure for the ductile and brittle cases awaits assessment of
the dynamic story drift capacity. Obviously, many more structures, fracture parameter values, and ground
motions must be, and are in the progress of being, considered before these results can be generalized.
Man has always lived with earthquakes. Some of them are so small that they are not felt; others
are so strong that they can destroy an entire city, cause major damage to infrastructures (bridges,
buildings, etc.) and kill thousands of people.
Addition to Addition to Ras, A. & Boumechra, N. (2014). Seismic Energy Dissipation Study of
Linear Fluid Viscous Dampers in Steel Structure Design. Energy dissipation systems in civil engineering
structures are sought when it comes to removing unwanted energy such as earthquake and wind. Among
these systems, there is combination of structural steel frames with passive energy dissipation provided by
Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVD). This device is increasingly used to provide better seismic protection for
existing as well as new buildings and bridges. A 3D numerical investigation is done considering the seismic
response of a twelve-storey steel building moment frame with diagonal FVD that have linear force versus
velocity behavior. The conclusions showed the formidable potential of the FVD to improve the dissipative
capacities of the structure without increasing its rigidity. It is contributing significantly to reduce the quantity
of steel necessary for its general stability.
These systems have the ability to transmit developed forces according to the request of the
structural response. Passive control devices dissipate energy in the structure, but cannot increase it.
Because of their great ability to return a building to its original position after an earthquake, they are
increasingly used in the bracing structures in civil engineering in general and in the metallic high-rise
structures in particular. The additional cost of the damper is typically offset by the savings in the steel
weight and foundation concrete volume.
This study permitted to analyze the difference in steel structure behavior, with and without viscous damper
fluid for a seismic load. Numerical calculation with SAP2000 software was used for the analysis of a 12-
storey building. The results show that the use of the passive control device FVD in buildings generates a
very significant reduction of the structural response compared to the unbraced ones.

2.2.2 Local Literature