FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF HEART AND
LUNGS
HEART- It is an organ that pumps blood
throughout the body via the circulatory system,
supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.
PARTS OF THE HEART
FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
 The right atrium receives blood from
the veins and pumps it to the right
ventricle.
 The right ventricle receives blood from
the right atrium and pumps it to the
lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.
 The left atrium receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs and pumps it to
the left ventricle.
 The left ventricle (the strongest
chamber) pumps oxygen-rich blood to
the rest of the body. The left ventricle’s
vigorous contractions create our blood
pressure.
SEPTUM- muscle that separates the two sides
of the heart
PERCARDIUM- a double-walled sac that encases
the heart, which serves to protect the heart and
anchor it inside the chest.
The heart's outer wall consists of three
layers. The outermost wall layer, or
epicardium, is the inner wall of the
pericardium.  The middle layer, or
myocardium, contains the muscle that
contracts. The inner layer, or endocardium, is
the lining that contacts the blood.
The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve
make up the atrioventricular (AV) valves, which
connect the atria and the ventricles. The
pulmonary semi-lunar valve separates the right
ventricle from the pulmonary artery, and the
aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the
aorta. The heartstrings, or chordae tendinae,
anchor the valves to heart muscles.
HUMAN HEART FUNCTION
 The heart circulates blood through two
pathways: the pulmonary circuit and
the systemic circuit.
 In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated
blood leaves the right ventricle of the
heart via the pulmonary artery and
travels to the lungs, then returns as
oxygenated blood to the left atrium of
the heart via the pulmonary vein.
 In the systemic circuit, oxygenated
blood leaves the body via the left
ventricle to the aorta, and from there
enters the arteries and capillaries
where it supplies the body's tissues
with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood
returns via veins to the venae cavae, re-
entering the heart's right atrium.
FACTS ABOUT HUMAN HEART
• A human heart is roughly the size of a
large fist.
• The heart weighs between about 10 to
12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) in men
 and 8 to 10 ounces (230 to 280 grams)
in women.
• The heart beats about 100,000 times
per day (about 3 billion beats in a
lifetime).
• An adult heart beats about 60 to 80
times per minute.
• Newborns' hearts beat faster than adult
hearts, about 70 to 190 beats per
minute.
• The heart pumps about 6 quarts (5.7
liters) of blood throughout the body.
• The heart is located in the center of the
chest, usually pointing slightly left.
LUNGS- The lungs are a pair of organs in the
chest that are primarily responsible for the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the air we breathe and the blood.
STRUCTURE OF THE LUNGS
Air enters the body via the nose
(preferably) or the mouth. The air enters
the main windpipe, called the trachea, and
continues end route to each lung via either
the right or left bronchus (plural=bronchi).
The lungs are separated into sections called
lobes, two on the left and three on the
right. The air passages continue to divide
into ever smaller tubes, which finally
connect with tiny air sacs called alveoli. This
gradually branching array of tubes is
referred to as the tracheobronchial "tree"
because of the remarkable similarity to the
branching pattern of a tree.
FACTS ABOUT HUMAN LUNGS
 The lungs exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the air we
breathe and the blood.
 The tracheobronchial tree is the
passage way from the mouth to the
interior of the lung.
 Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli
deep in the lungs.
 Breathing air in (inhalation) requires
muscular effort.
 Air is warmed, humidified, and
cleaned by the nose and lungs.
IS THERE A CONNECTION BETWEEN
HEART AND LUNGS?
The heart and lungs work together
to make sure the body has the
oxygen-rich blood it needs to
function properly.
The Pulmonary Loop - The right
side of the heart picks up the
oxygen-poor blood from the body
and moves it to the lungs for
cleaning and re-oxygenating.
The Systemic Loop - Once the blood
is re-oxygenated, the left side of the
heart moves the blood throughout
the body so that every part receives
the oxygen it needs.
REFERENCES:
https://www.livescience.com/3465
5-human-heart.html
https://www.webmd.com/heart/pic
ture-of-the-heart#1
https://www.nationaljewish.org/he
alth-insights/health-
infographics/whats-the-connection-
your-heart-can-affect-your-
breathing