GROUP1 PRESENTATION ON THE

TOPIC:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND

BLOOD VESSELS
COURSE:ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
COURSE CODE:MID 112

ANABA FAVOUR (GROUP LEADER)

CHUKWUKERE CHIMEZIRIM (ASST)
ABAROHA NMESOMACHI
ANUCHA NGOZI
ANUFORO JANEFRANCIS
ARISA SARAH
CHIBUZOR PRINCESS
CHIDI COURAGE AMARACHI
CHIMA SLYVIA
CHIKE COMFORT CHIDNMA
 STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
The heart is the chief organ of the cardiovascular system and is a roughly
cone-shaped hollow muscular organ.
It is about 10 cm long and weighs about 225g in women and 310g in
men and its shape is like the owners closed fist.
POSITION
The heart lies obliquely in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum (the
space between the lungs),slights more to the left side of the chest.
 STRUCTURES
The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue.
Namely pericardium,myocardium,endocardium
PERICARDIUM
The pericardium is the outermost layer and is made up of two
sacs. The outer layer is named (the fibrous pericardium) which
consists of fibrous tissue and the inner layer which is the (serous
pericardium) is a continuous layer of the serous membrane.
The fibrous pericardium is continuous with the adventitia of the
 ENDOCARDIUM
The endocardium is the thin, smooth, endothelial, inner lining of
the
heart, which is continuous with the inner lining of the blood
vessels
It ensure smooth flow of blood through the heart. It consists of
flattened epithelial.
 INTERIOR OF
THE HEART
The heart is divided
into right and left
side by a septum, a
partition consisting
of myocardium
covered by
endocardium, and
after birth there is
no communication
 FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH
THE HEART
1.Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and
inferior vena cava,which are large veins that bring blood from the
body.
2.The deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, which is one of
the hearts chambers from there, it passes through the tricuspid
valve and enters the right ventricle.
3.When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes,
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART
(coronary circulation)

Arterial supply
Coronary circulation refers to the blood supply that nourishes the
heart muscles and ensures the proper functioning of the heart.
The coronary circulation system consist of a network of blood
vessels that deliver oxygen, nutrient, and other essential
substances to the heart. The primary blood vessel involved in
coronary circulation are the coronary arteries.
The heart is supplied with blood by the right and left coronary
 CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE
HEART
The conducting system consist of specialized cells that initiate and coordinate the electrical
impulses within the heart, ensuring that it beats in a synchronized manner. Lets look at the
key components of this system.
Sinoatrial node (SA): is located in the upper right atrium, the SA node serves as the natural
peacemaker of the heart. It generates electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat. The
impulse spread through both atria, causing them to contract and push blood into the
ventricles.
Atrioventricular node (AV): it is situated between the atria and the ventricles, the AV node
acts as a relay station for the electrical signals. It briefly delays the impulses to allow the
atria to fully contract before passing the signal to the ventricles.
Bundle of His:after passing through the AV node, the electrical signal travels down to the
 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
1. Circulation: The heart functions as a pump to circulate oxygen-rich
blood to all cells and tissues of the body. it receives deoxygenated
blood from the body and pumps it into the lungs for it`s oxygenation
releasing of carbon dioxide.
2. Removal of waste:The heart also helps in removal of waste products
from the body. it pump`s the deoxygenated blood which carries waste
product such as carbon dioxide back to the lungs for elimination.
3. Nutrient Transport:The heart tranaports essential nutrient, hormones
 BLOOD VESSELS
The blood vessels are the integral part of circulatory system which
is responsible for the transportation of oxygen, nutrients,
hormones and waste products throughout the body. There are
three main types of blood vessels: the arteries, veins, and
capillaries.
ARTERIES
Arteries are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood away
from the heart and towards the body tissues and organs. They
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