LEARNER-CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

 The Learner-Centered Psychological Principles were put together by the American

Psychological Association. The following 14 psychological principles pertain to the
learner and the learning process.

The 14 principles have the following aspects:

 They focus on psychological factors that are primarily internal to and under the control
of the learner rather than conditioned habits or physiological factors. However, the
principles also attempt to acknowledge external environment or contextual factors that
interact with these internal factors.

 The principles are intended to deal holistically with learners in the context of real-world
learning situations. Thus, they are best understood as an organized set of principles; no
principle should be viewed in isolation.

 The 14 principles are divided into those referring to:

 (1) cognitive and metacognitive, (2) motivational and affective, (3)
developmental and social, and (4) individual differences factors influencing
learners and learning.

 Finally, the principles are intended to apply to all learners - from children, to teachers, to
administrators, to parents, and to community members involved in our educational
system.