Advocating the 14

Learner-Centered
Psychological
Principles
What is LEARNER-CENTERED
PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES?

• They focus on psychological factors that are largely intrinsic to and under the influence of the learner. The
principles, however, often aim to consider external environments or contextual variables interfering with these
internal factors. In the sense of real-world learning environments, the principles are meant to deal holistically with
learners. Therefore, as a structured set of principles, they are best understood; no principle can be seen in isolation.
The 14 principles are categorized into those that impact learners and learning in terms of cognitive and metacognitive,
motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual difference factors influencing learners and
learning. Finally, the principles are intended to extend to all learners, from children, teachers, administrators, parents
and members of the community involved in our educational system.
The principles apply to all learners, children and adults, in and outside school.
Learner-centered is often related to teachers' values, features, structures, and
behaviors practices that are predominantly generated by the instructor. When
teachers and their activities work from an awareness of the knowledge base
outlined in the Principles, learners are involved in decisions about how and what
they learn and how they evaluate learning, appreciate the specific insights of each
learner, recognize and accommodate individual differences in the contexts,
preferences, skills, and experiences of learners, and handle learners in the teaching
- learning activities as co-creators and collaborators.
The psychological principles based on learners suggest that a
learning process is like a teacher and a student that a student has
learned from their teachers and a teacher learned from their
students. It explains that learning is an ongoing process that takes
place not only at school, but also at work, social interactions, etc.
Thus, a learner requires an efficient and effective source of
knowledge to strengthen and expand their cognitive skills and to
give important information to others that is related to their
enthusiasm.
Via social experiences, interpersonal relationships and contact with
others, a learner has learned various details. They rely on information
provided to them by individuals who surround them. Learning is most
effective when considering gaps in the linguistic, cultural and social
contexts of learners. It also requires the setting or location of
sufficiently high and demanding expectations and the learner's
assessment and teaching effectiveness, including diagnosis, method
and outcome review, are an important part of the learning process.
Others who have used the word "learner-centered" (e.g., Darling-
Hammond, 1996; Sparks & Hirsh, 1997) refer to learning new values and
new practice visions that are responsive and respectful of students and
teachers' diverse needs as learners. This implies that all learning, even
that for students and teachers, must include methods that encourage
various requirements and viewpoints of learners, provide time for
critical reflection, and opportunities for educators to co-create ability to
increase learning, motivation, and accomplishment with their students.
Sources:
https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/techconf00/m
ccombs_paper.html#:~:text=The%20research%2Dvali
dated%20Learner%20Centered,capacities%2C%20ex
periences%2C%20and%20interests.
https://cabanayanshaileen.blogspot.com/2019/10/unit-
1-learner-centered-psychological.html

THE END