Learner-Centered Psychological Response

In todays’ generation, the education system became a learner-centered in which, the

teacher isn’t the one who only gives instruction or deliver the information, but it focuses
on the students in which the learner is the center of instructions, the lessons revolves
around the learner and the students assess their own knowledge and understanding. In
this topic, the learner-centered psychological response has 14 principles in which
discusses the learner-teacher and the learning process, wherein the 14 principles can
be a guide to every learners.
The 14 principles of learner centered are the cognitive and metacognitive factors (6),
motivational and affective factors (3), individual differences (3), and
developmental and social factors (2). These principles have their own definition and
understanding that it discusses about the learners and their learning, teachers and how
they assess the students with the learner-centered principles. In cognitive and
metacognitive factors, which has 6 sub-principles, 1) the nature of the learning
process in which it uses techniques that aid students in constructing meaning from
information, experiences, and their own thoughts and belief, 2) goals for the learning
process wherein it creates a meaningful student learning with goals that focus on the
students educational aspirations and interest, 3) construction of knowledge where the
learners doesn’t just learn things but connect each learning with the new one with the
use of aids, 4) strategic thinking, in which students uses the thinking and reasoning
strategies to achieve complex learning goals and assist the learners in developing,
assessing their strategic learning, 5) thinking about thinking which discusses the
metacognition, that explains the usage of higher-order-thinking skills that is needed for
selecting, monitoring operations and facilitate creative and critical thinking skills, 6)
context of learning, where learning is influenced by environmental factors including
culture, technology and instructional practices. In the context of learning, it emphasizes
the classroom environment of the students that has an impact to the learning of the
learners. The other principles is the motivational and affective factors in which
assess the motivation and emotional influences on the learning of the students,
what influences and motivate to learn which is their individual differences states, beliefs,
goals, and habits of thinking. It also tackles on how to help students avoid intense
negative emotions, next is the intrinsic motivation to learn where it explains the
learners creativity and how their personal interest, and providing for personal choice
and control is relevant to their learning, and last is the effects of motivation in effort
which is the evaluation of their learnings and their effort and willingness to learn. The
individual differences factors talks about the diversity of each learners and how
learners learn in the most effective way, that value, respect and accommodates
individual differences in abilities, backgrounds, cultures and experiences. In addition, it
also talks about the standard and assessment which sets the appropriately high in
assessing the students as well as their learning process. The last principle is the
developmental and social factors which the developmental influences on learning
tackles the materials that a teacher needs to aid his/her students in learning, an
appropriate material that influences them to learn in enjoyable and interesting way,
social influences o leaning in which the social interactions, interpersonal relations and
communication with others affect on our learning in a way that their habits, information
and how we deal with things will also influence us, and the individual differences in
learning which the diversity of the students, their differences in learning, abilities and
capabilities is important to them that the teacher must be sensitive and create a
conducive learning environment which is appropriate for everyone in the class.
These 14 principles that talks about the learners and their learning process is very
important for us future teachers, because it serves as a guide or a pattern for us to
follow in the future that we can use to teach our students as part of the 21 st century
learners in which our focus is in the students and how they learn, adapt and assess
their knowledge in learning things. It is necessary for us to learn these 14 principles
because it enables us to learn and vision what type of teacher we are going to be in
future, also the principles discusses on what to do, how to help our students, and guide
them in learning for them to become a competent individual, not just them, but also us,
future teachers who learn this principles.

Assessment.
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. C