LEARNER-CENTERED

PSYCHOLOGICAL
PRINCIPLES
Dr. Jheny P. Villacruz
Professor
14 Principles Divided into 4 Categories

1. Cognitive and Metacognitive principles

2. Motivational and Affective Principles
3. Developmental and Social Principles
4. Individual Differences Principles
 COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PRINCIPLES
1. NATURE OF THE LEARNING PROCESS
The learning of a complex subject
matter is most effective when it is an
intentional process of constructing
meaning from information and
experience
 COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PRINCIPLES
3. CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE
The successful learner can link new
information with existing knowledge in
meaningful ways.
 COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PRINCIPLES
4. STRATEGIC THINKING
The successful learner can create and
use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning
strategies to achieve complex learning
goals.
 COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PRINCIPLES
5. THINKING ABOUT THINKING
Higher order strategies for selecting and
monitoring mental operations facilitate
creative and critical thinking.
 COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PRINCIPLES
6. CONTEXT OF LEARNING
Learning is influenced by environmental
factors, including culture, technology and
instructional practices.
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE
PRINCIPLES
7. MOTIVATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL
INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
What and how much is learned is
influenced by the learner’s motivation.
Motivation is influenced by beliefs,
emotional states, interests, goals and
habits of thinking.
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE
PRINCIPLES
8. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO LEARN
The learner’s creativity, HOTS, natural
curiosity all contribute to motivation to
learn. Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by
personal interest and relevance,
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE
PRINCIPLES
9. EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON EFFORT
Learner’s motivation stimulates
willingness to learn most especially in
the acquisition of complex knowledge and
skills.
 DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL
FACTORS
10. DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCES ON
LEARNING
Learning is most effective when the
physical, intellectual, emotional and social
domains of development is taken into
account.
 DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL
FACTORS
11. SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
Learning is influenced by social
interactions, interpersonal relations,
and communication with others.
 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
PRINCIPLES
13. LEARNING AND DIVERSITY
Learning is most effective when
differences in learner’s linguistic,
cultural and social backgrounds are
taken into account,
 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
PRINCIPLES
14. STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENT
Setting appropriately high and
challenging standards and assessing
the learner and the learning progress
are integral parts of the learning process.