Active Filters

Directions. All of the answer must be handwritten. Answer is placed after each of the question and in
blue ballpen.

1. What determines the bandwidth of a low-pass filter?

2. What limits the passband of an active high-pass filter?
3. How are the Q and the bandwidth of a band-pass filter related? Explain how the selectivity is
affected by the Q of filter.
4. Explain how Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel responses differ.
5. What determines the response characteristic of a filter?
6. Name the basic parts of an active filter.
7. How many poles does a second order low-pass filter have? How many resistors and how many
capacitors are used in the frequency-selective circuit?
8. Why is the damping factor of a filter important?
9. What is the primary purpose of cascading low-pass filters?
10. How does a high-pass Sallen-Key filter differ from the low-pass configuration?
11. To increase the critical frequency of a high-pass filter, would you increase or decrease the
resistor values?
12. If three two-pole high-pass filters and one single-pole high-pass filter are cascaded, what is the
resulting roll-off?
13. What determines selectivity in a band-pass filter?
14. One filter has a Q=5 and another has Q=25. Which has the narrower bandwidth? Explain.
15. List the active elements that make up a state-variable filter.
16. List the active elements that make up a biquad filter.
17. How does band-stop response differ from a band-pass response?
18. How is a state-variable band-pass filter converted to a band-stop filter?
19. What is the purpose of the two methods for measuring frequency response? Give the advantage
and disadvantage of each methods.
20. What is an active filter?
21. What are the advantages of active filters over passive ones?
22. What the type of active filters?
23. What are the passband and the stop band of a filter?
24. What is the cutoff frequency?
25. What is the Butterworth response of a filter?
26. What are the differences between first-order and second-order filters?
27. What is frequency scaling of filters?
28. What is a notch filter?
29. What is notch-out frequency?
30. What is an all-pass filter?
31. What is a universal filter?
32. What is a switched-capacitor filter?
33. What is a clock-tunable resistor?
34. Draw the four brick wall responses. Identify the pass-band, stopband, and cutoff frequencies of
each.
35. Describe the five approximations used in filter design. Use sketches as needed to show what
happens in the passbands and stopbands.
36. What are the distinguish features of the response in the passband? In the stopband?
37. What does the frequency response of a filter measure or indicate?
38. What is the roll-off rate 9per decade and per octave) for an active filter?
39. What is a Multiple Feedback filter and where is it used?
40. Which type of filter is used for delay equalization?