ABSTRACT:

U-boot beton is a formwork made of recycled polypropylene, designed to create

lightened intermediate slabs and raft foundations in reinforced concrete. The use of U-boot
formworks permits to build specific mushroom slabs: the mushroom is part of the slab
thickness. U-boot remains dip into the concrete casting. Thus, a grid of orthogonal beams,
superiorly and inferiorly closed by plane slabs of different heights, is obtained without
executing two distinct concrete castings, all that implies a remarkable saving of concrete and
reinforcement.
 INTRODUCTION

U-boot is used for structural elements of different types such as slabs or foundation
grants solution preformation considerable designing technical and economic. Disposable
formwork for two-way voided slabs in reinforced concrete cast on site. U-Boot Beton is a
recycled polypropylene formwork that was designed to create two-way voided slabs and rafts.
U-Boot Beton is used to create slabs with large span or that are able to support large loads
without beams A lightweight, cellular concrete made by infusing an unhardened concrete
mixture with prepared foam or by generating gases within the mixture.

U-BOOT BETON

Advantages compared with tradition play on cement systems those and light weight
training or fully faceted to win slabs the traditional clay cement or polystyrene floor slabs. The
traditional clay cement or polystyrene floor slabs normally consists of mono directional beings
that discharge stresses on to the main beings from these two pillars and finally the foundations
the full plate floor slabs instead are made from monolithic reinforced concrete casts in which
the structure is able to bi directionally transmit loads directly to the by using U-boot and lighter
slab structure is obtained capable of splitting the stresses in any direction transferring them
directly to the penance to simplify the concept we could imagine a series of double teams of
alongside the other and arranged as a premise all stresses will be concentrated close to pillars
where the suitable full section gets left in this way floor slabs with mushroom like files for the
repose in modern people specificity being that the mushroom is embedded in the floor.
 MUSHROOM SLAB
so ,cutting or encumbering capitals and economic boxster’s and avoided thanks to the lightness
of the structure doing away lightness of the work the passage of utilities and the layout of
internal wards U-boot will make it possible to optimise the plan layout of pillars without having
to keep the specific distributed limitations as well as reducing their number benefiting for more
extension spans and without encumbrances the overall thickness of the floor slabs will also be
considerably reduced and as a result they use full saving in height will be obtained for each
individual forum is the possibility for tower buildings of gaining an extra floor with the same
that involved compared floor with a full slab the wind saving will favourably influence the
dimensioning of pillars and foundations and the thickness to be reduced in vocations the
foundations will be less important and less stressed also behaviour under in case of fire the
building greater lightness high inertia and reduced surface area reduced surface area exposed
to the effects of heat confer autumn resistances to find from acoustic specific tests guarantee
that a floor slab use U-boot technology provides insulation performances that are superior
compared with traditional clay or cement systems lightweight polystyrene zing’s a benefit of
no mass importance is the better quality of the concrete surface finish to be left visible or ready
for the skimming without further processing to the numerous advantages link to the work itself
economic logistic and building site advantages are added for construction firms is processing
less consumption of concrete and steel less handling n ground and overground this
encumbrance with in the parameters of the site there’s transport and storage changes all things
to a material is stackable tough and able to withstand all weather conditions first an hour will
be handling a product that is safe from the light nonssoiling and easy to use u-boot is the ideal
solution for all buildings in which judging beams structures would need to be avoided typically
slab solution is sort together with savings in those concrete and weak the U-boot beton building
system is particularly suitable for the construction of high-rise village hospitals commercial
centres school buildings parking management residential and industrial buildings.
In case of raft foundations having a greater inertia U-boot makes it possible to implement
sweaters with a better performance given the same concrete used the grounds are found to have
a low carrying capacity furthermore be possible to eliminate or reduce complex andcostly
foundation pockets.
Laying of avoided two-way elements is swift and simple the reinforcement and U-boot
elements are laid out on top of the decade according to design specifications ready to receive
the concrete casting the layout does not require specialised personal the correct distance
between the elements is assured by aspacer jumped equipped with a graduated scale by means
of which the widths the o beams being formed with the casting can be rapidly determined at
the top this joint gets inserted in specific looking for difference provided on the upper surface
of the U-boot the entire operation is precise handy and rapid once the concrete is poured
avoided structure is permanently embedded providing the structure with the desired shape on
the technical timing for the setting having last the backing will be dismantled the intros service
will prove to be completely smooth formwork can also be used in combination with
predominate facing the voided load directly on te plains and completing the finishing casting.

BETON NORMAL CENTIMETERS

U-boot beton formwork is shaped like a pyramid drunk and normally measures 52*52
centimetres and manual 10,13,16,20,24,28 centimetres in height,
the sandwich type superimposing two or more base elements allows the implementation of
load releasing elements of various heights according to the plan things out the floor slack also
the chronicle elevator feet placed at the four corners can be of different heights determining a
different distance from the casting deck plate and as a result the different thickness of the
internals slapping the remarkable versatility and flexibility of the U-boot beton construction
system can satisfy any design the map since 2001 millions of U-boot have been deployed in
the implementation of worksin various countries throughout the world works f various
dimensions types and complexity often born of the pencil stroke and genius of famous
designers.
U-boot permits to build big spans slabs or slabs supporting high loads without beams. Light
and easy to pose, the draftsman can change the geometrical parameters of the slab, in order to
suit any kind of situation .U-boot is used in all applications that require a plate structural
solution ,along with concrete-savings and therefore weight-savings.
 U-BOOT BETON SANDWICH

U-boot is used in all applications that require a plate structural solution, along with
concrete-savings and therefore weight-savings. In tower buildings, weight-saving at every floor
reduces load on foundations. The fact of avoiding beams being out of the slab thickness,
enables the reduction of height for each floor.

Therefore, a higher number of floors can be built. By using U-boot beton, it is possible
to build thick raft foundations with a reduced quantity of concrete (and weight). U-boot is the
ideal solution to create slabs of big spans and/or with a high bearing capacity. In case of difficult
access to the building site or restructuring,

U-boot beton permits to build up the horizontal structures without using lifting and
movement devices, because of its stackability, modularity, lightness and manageability.
 The study includes the results of an extensive experimental program conducted at the
Polytechnic of Milan, which highlight the excellent bidirectional response of voided slabs and
the efficient performance in the presence of seismic actions. The experimental results here
presented are supported by advanced numerical models

POSING:

The U-boot system particularly fits structures that need significant open spaces, like
bureaus,industrial and commercial buildings, and civil constructions as well. The system also
allows a more irregular distribution of pillars, since beams are not necessary

U-boot beton formwork is an easy to use product. First, a flat and complete surface has
to be prepared with a wooden deck or any other similar system.

Then, the inferior steel reinforcement hasto be posed in the two orthogonal directions,
as designed in the executive project; the lattices are finally posed in order to space out upper
reinforcements.
 SPAN DISTANCES BETWEEN U-BOOT BETONS

Afterwards, U-boots are laid down and connected by lateral flaps, respecting the
required span between the lightening space. Thanks to the cone shaped feet, U-boots are raised
above the slab intrados, and the concrete can thus be cast, filling the whole surface below the
elements. If double elements are to be used (H32, H36, H40, H44, H48), it will be necessary
to pre-emptively assemble the two parts, that will be delivered in different pallets at the building
site.

CONNECTION BRIDGE:
 SPACER JOINT
CLOSING PLATE:

The reinforcement pose is to be completed by disposing the upper bending steel bars in two
directions, the shear and punching reinforcement, where necessary. Due to the floating pressure
exerted on U-boots, the concrete should be cast in two different phases: the first casting has to
fill a thickness equal to the feet height.
The final phase has to be done when the first concrete layer starts to set and becomes semi-
solid. Casting proceeds each time from the previous starting point. While the casting proceeds,
the concrete sets. Finally the casting has to be levelled up in a traditional way (picture 6). The
U-boot system execution time will be accelerated by using new deck technologies which permit
to disassemble within 2-4 days, or using the carpet reinforcement system, in order to reduce
the steel bars posing time up to 4-6 times

U-boot slabs do not need beams between pillars, a perimeter edge beam is enough. The
orthogonal grid of beams transfers all stresses directly on pillars; around which it is enough to
leave a massive area, called mushroom pillar, which is thick as the slab and variable in function
of shear stresses

U-boot lightened slab scheme: the lack of connection beams between pillars
Among foundation different typologies, raft foundation is surely one of the most known and
used, considering its evident technical advantages: high stiffness due to its static bidirectional
behaviour, and thus load partition capacity on the ground; it also permits to absorb stresses
coming from the building, with differential subsidences close to zero; easy and quick to carry
out. If stresses increase or the ground bearing capacity decreases, the structure may require a
thick raft foundation.
This means having more concrete and more pressure on the ground; and therefore higher
building costs. U-boot beton is a formwork made of recycled polypropylene, purposely
designed to build lightened plate slabs and raft foundations. Once drowned into concrete, it
creates an alveolar structure with two slabs of different thickness, joined by an orthogonal grid
of beams of variable width, therefore building an ideal light structure for raft foundations.
Statically, it can be seen as a grid of I beams which means having a rationalized masses
distribution for the purpose of inertia, in order to get high stiffness with a minimum quantity
of concrete. This perfect combination of lightness and stiffness permits, in particular cases, to
avoid using foundation piles.

Polystyrene is a widely used material in the world of building, especially if associated to

prefabricated slabs, because it is cheap and malleable. However, in the last few years, the
technicalscientific community has been focusing on its numerous disadvantages. First of all,
the fact that polystyrene releases toxic styrene monomers, at room temperature.
Moreover, some studies carried out by the Polytechnic University of Milan highlight the fact
that a slab lightened by means of polystyrene explodes after only 20 minutes, if exposed to fire
load. This is partially due to the presence of warm air into the cavities which increases pressure,
and partially due to styrene sublimation. That is the second problem. In order to avoid slabs
explosions, prefabricated slabs producers recently planned some vents into the slab to maintain
external pressure into cavities. But in this case, the styrene flows out from the cavity, and it is
toxic. On the contrary, U-boot is made of polypropylene which is not toxic even if it burns.
Moreover, the CSI laboratories carried out a fire test on a slab lightened by means of U-boot
and with a 3 cm concrete cover, and the structure was certified REI 180 minutes. The
certification is available on request. Finally, polystyrene is a material which needs huge
volumes for transportation and stock on site; U-boot beton is designed to be stackable.

Correct positioning of the U-Boot Beton is guaranteed by an effective rigid spacer joint with
graduated scale with which the desired width of the beams is quickly determined. The joint fits
into the top of the formwork inside notches housing the fixing elements.
The rigid interconnection ensures perfect geometric compliance with the design as well as with
the bearing capacity of the formworks when casting under the pressure of the concrete, the
weight of the operators and equipment.
 APPLICATIONS

U-boot beton is a recycled polypropylene formwork that was designed to create two-
way voided slabs and rafts. The use of U-boot beton formwork makes it possible to create
mushroom pillars, with the possibility to have the mushroom in the thickness of the slab.
Thanks to the conic elevator foot, immerging the U-boot beton formworks in the concrete
casting will create a grid work of mutually perpendicular beams closed from the bottom and
the top by a flat plate that is created with a single casting; this results in considerable reduction
in the use of concrete and steel.

U-Boot Betonis used to create slabs with large span or that are able to support large
loads without beams. Light and quick and easy to position, thanks to their modularity the
designer can vary the geometric parameters as needed to adapt to all situations with great
architectural freedom.
 INSTALLATION

1. The entire surface of the slab to be cast on site is shuttered with wood deckings (or similar
systems), then the lower reinforcement concrete bars are positioned in two mutually
perpendicular directions according to the design and the lattice for the upper reinforcement
concrete is arranged.
2. The U-Boot Beton® formworks are positioned using the lateral spacers joints to place them
at the desired centre distance that will determine the beam width. Thanks to the conic elevator
foot, theU-Boot Beton® formworks will be lifted from the surface, making it possible for the
lower slab to be formed. If double or triple elements are used, these elements must first be
assembled, which will be supplied on distinct pallets in the yard.
3. The positioning of the reinforconcretes is completed by placing above the U-Boot Beton®
formwork the upper bars in the two directions as well as the reinforcement for shear and
punching where necessary, according to the design.
4. The concrete casting must be performed in two phases to prevent the floatation of the
formworks: an initial layer will be cast to fill a thickness equal to the height of the elevator
foot. Casting will continue for this first portion of the slab until the concrete starts to set and
become semi fluid.
5. Once suitably set, the casting can be restarted from the starting point, completely burying
the U-Boot Beton. The casting is then levelled and smoothed in a traditional manner.

AFTER COMPLETION
6. Once the structure has hardened, the formwork can be removed. The surface is smooth in
correspondence of the soffit
 ADVANTAGES

LIGHT - THIN – BIDIRECTIONAL: Designedf or bidirectional slabs , Decrease of concrete

and weight up to 40% ,Reduced deformation (maximum stiffness loss 15%) , Reduction of load
on foundations , Reduction of pillar section

FLEXIBLE:
Spans up to 20 m, Absence of beams between pillars, Reduction of pillars number, Possible
use with prefabricated slabs, No lifting and movement devices required, ideal for restructuring,
Possible creation of monodirectional slabs thanks to the “bridge” accessory

ANTISEISMIC :
Reduced seismic mass, Less dimensional limitations of elements , Double inferior and superior
slab

OPEN SPACES :
More spacious rooms , Bigger architectural freedom , Easier change of use

ECONOMIC:
Less concrete incidence, thickness being equal , Less steel incidence , Usable height saving on
each floor, since avoiding beams being out of the slab thickness enables a higher number of
floors, height being equal (tower buildings) , Rapidity and easiness of pose (unique twophased
casting) , Possibility of big spans, load being equal , Possibility of high bearing capacity, spans
being equal , Economical transport and easy stocking, since it is stackable, Ready to smooth
once the deck is taken off, the intrados is a plane surface which do not require false ceilings at
an aesthetical level , If a false ceiling is necessary, pose is made more rapidly

SAFE:
Significant fire resistance (certification REI 180; concrete cover 3cm) ,
Safety on building site (complete flat deck avoids plunking down)

Sound insulation
CONCLUSION:

This is most ecofriendly and advanced technology.