Risk Factors:

74 year old, 30-pack-year Airway Inflammation

smoker

Accumulation of secretions in the Systemic spread of inflammatory

Airway wall edema Airway bronchoconstriction
airway lumen markers via the bloodstream

Continuous
Irritation of carina ↑ Sputum Audible turbulent airflow on
perfusion on under-
that triggers cough production and Air trapping ↑ Cardiac morbidity ↑C-reactive protein expiration due to constriction of
ventilated lung
reflex purulence airway
regions

Cough Grayish sputum Acute respiratory

Hyperinflation Wheezing
failure

Use of accessory
Tachypnea Dyspnea
muscles