Maths Quest Maths B Year 11 for Queensland Chapter 13 Differentiation and application WorkSHEET 13.

2 1

WorkSHEET 13.2 Differentiation and applications Name: _____________________

1 If f  x   x 2  2 x  8 , find: (a) average rate of change

(a) the average rate of change between x = 3 f  6   f  3

and x = 6 63 1



6 2  2  6  8  32  2  3  8 
(b) a function which describes the rate of 3
change 40  7

(c) the instantaneous rate of change at x = 3. 3
 11

(b) f   x  2x  2 1

(c) f   3  2  3  2  8 1

2 If the position of a vehicle is given by the (a) Average velocity 1

equation x t   2t 2  20t , find: x 3  x1

(a) the average rate of change (velocity) 3 1
between t = 1 and t = 3 2  32  20  3   2  12  20  1

2
(b) a function which describes the velocity  42    18
  12
2
(c) the instantaneous velocity at t = 3.
(b) x   t   4t  20 1

(c) x  3  4  3  20  8
1

3 For the vehicle in the previous question, find: (a) Average velocity 1
(a) the average rate of change (velocity) x  8  x  6 

between t = 6 and t = 8 86
(b) the instantaneous velocity at t = 8. 2  8 2  20  8   2  6 2  20  6 

2
 32  ( 48)
Why are your answers to question 3 positive,  8
2
yet the answers to question 2 were negative?
(b) x  t   4t  20 1
x  8  4  8  20  12

Positive answers indicate an increasing rate of 1

change whereas negative answers indicate a
decreasing rate.
Maths Quest Maths B Year 11 for Queensland Chapter 13 Differentiation and application WorkSHEET 13.2 2

4 For the vehicle in the previous question, find When x  t   0

when and where the velocity is zero. x  t   4t  20
0  4t  20
4t  20
t 5
By substituting t = 5 into
x t   2t 2  20t
x 5  2  52  20  5  50
1
So the velocity is zero after 5 seconds,
50 m left of the starting point. 1

5 A large snowball is melting according to the (a) average rate of change

equation V  t   144  t 2 , find: V  9  V  4 1

(a) the average rate of change between t = 4 94
and t = 9


144  92  144  42 
(b) a function which describes the rate of 5
change 63  128 65
   13
5 5
(c) the instantaneous rate of change at t = 9.
(b) V   t   2t 1

(c) V   9   2  9  18 1

6 A projectile is fired with a trajectory equation H  x   20  8 x  x 2

of: H  x   20  8 x  x 2 , x  [0, 10] where H
is the vertical height and x is the horizontal
displacement (both distances measured in
metres).
What is the maximum height and at what
horizontal displacement does it occur?
Sketch the path of the projectile.
H  ( x )  8  2 x  0 for maximum 1
2x  8
x  4 metres
H  4   20  8  4  4 2  36 metres
1
Maximum height = 36 metres at a distance of
4 metres from the point of the trajectory.
When x  0, H(x)  H(0)  20

1
Maths Quest Maths B Year 11 for Queensland Chapter 13 Differentiation and application WorkSHEET 13.2 3

7 The profit ($p) to be earned by a small p  x   2000  216 x  2 x 3

company per day is related to the number of p  x   216  6 x 2  0 for maximum
employees (x), according to the equation 6 x 2  216
p  x   2000  216 x  2 x 3 , x  [1, 10]
x 2  36
1
x  6, only x   6 is feasible
What is the maximum number of employees for
p  6   2000  216  6  2  63  $2864
maximum profit? What is the maximum profit?
1
Sketch the profit function. Maximum profit of $2864 occurs for 6
employees.
When x  0, p(x)  p(0)  2000

8 A farmer plans to use a river as one boundary Let x = width of paddock. 1

of a rectangular paddock. If the farmer has Length of paddock is 480  2x.
480 m of fencing to be used to fence the other 3 Area = A(x) = x(480  2x)= 480 x  2 x 2 1
sides, what dimensions should the paddock be A  x   480  4 x  0 for maximum area
to ensure maximum area? 4 x  480
x  120 metres
width  x  120 metres 1
length  480  2 x
 480  2  120
 240 metres

1
9 What numbers, when squared and added to Let n be the numbers and T be the total.
their own squared reciprocals, lead to a T  n   n2 
1
, n  (0, )
minimum value? n2 1
T  n   n2  n 2
T  n   2n  2n  3  0 for a minimum value
1
2
2n  3
n
n4  1
n  1
1
Maths Quest Maths B Year 11 for Queensland Chapter 13 Differentiation and application WorkSHEET 13.2 4

10 The sum of two numbers is 10. What are the Let x be one number. 1
two numbers if the sum of their squares is a Then the other number = 10 x.
minimum? T  x   x 2  10  x 
2

 x 2  100  20 x  x 2 1
 2 x 2  20 x  100
T  x  4 x  20  0 for a minimum
4x  20
x 5
So both numbers are 5. 1