Name: __TEVES, JONAH G.

______  Score: _______________

Section: ____SW - 21_____ Time/ Day: __________ Date: ______SEPT. 27,  2020______

EXERCISE 5
Collection of Data

1. Differentiate the two types of statistical data and give example.

I've learned that, Data types are an important aspect of statistical analysis, which needs to
be understood to correctly apply statistical methods to our data. There are 2 main types of
data, namely; categorical data and numerical data. 

Categorical data is a type of data that can be stored into groups or categories with the aid
of names or labels. This grouping is usually made according to the data characteristics and
similarities of these characteristics through a method known as matching.

For example,  gender is a categorical data because it can be categorized into male and
female according to some unique qualities possessed by each gender. 

There are 2 main types of categorical data, namely; nominal data and ordinal data. 
Nominal data. This is the data type of categorical data that names or labels. Sometimes
called naming data, it has characteristics similar to that of a noun. 

Examples: Name of a person,  gender, school graduates from,  etc.

Ordinal data. This type of categorical data includes elements that are ranked, ordered or
have a rating scale attached. One can count and order, nominal data,  but it cannot be
measured. 
For example, suppose a group of Social Work major students of UdM, were asked to taste
the varieties of a food stall's new menu on a rating scale of 1 to 5. With each level on the
rating scale representing strongly dislike, dislike, neutral, like, strongly like. In this case, a
rating of 5 indicates more enjoyment than a rating of 4, making the data -  ordinal.

Numerical data is a type of data that is expressed in terms of numbers rather than
natural language descriptions. Similar to its name, numerical, it can only be collected
in number form. Also known as quantitative data, this numerical data type can be
used as a form of measurement, such as a person’s height, weight, IQ, etc.

There are 2 types of numerical data,  namely; discrete data and continuous data. 

Discrete data  is a type of numerical data with countable elements. I.e. they have a one to
one mapping with natural numbers. A discrete data can either be countable finite or
countable infinite. Some general examples of discrete data are; age, number of students
in a class, number of candidates in an election, etc. 

Continuous is a numerical data type with uncountable elements. They are represented as a
set of intervals on a real number line . Similar to discrete data, continuous data can also be
either finite or infinite. Continuous data can be further divided into interval data and ratio
data. Some examples of continuous data are; student's gwa, height, etc. 

2. Differentiate Primary and Secondary sources.

Primary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period and are
considered to be authoritative. They represent original thinking, reports on
discoveries or events, or they can share new information.

Examples of primary resources include:

 diaries
  original documents e.g. birth certificates,

  trial transcripts

 biographies & etc.

Secondary sources offer an analysis, interpretation or a restatement of primary

sources and are considered to be persuasive. They often involve generalization,
synthesis, interpretation, commentary or evaluation in an attempt to convince the
reader of the creator's argument. They often attempt to describe or explain primary
sources.

Examples of secondary sources include:

 journal articles that comment on or analyze research

 textbooks

 dictionaries

 books that interpret, analyze

 criticism of literature, art works or music & etc.

3. Explain each of different methods in collecting data for further clarification give
examples. 
Primary data is data that is collected by a researcher from first-hand sources, using
methods like surveys, interviews, or experiments. It is collected with the research project
in mind, directly from primary sources. Secondary data is data gathered from studies,
surveys, or experiments that have been run by other people or for other research.