Tuglu et al.

Advances in Difference Equations (2015) 2015:297

DOI 10.1186/s13662-015-0635-z

RESEARCH Open Access

On the harmonic and hyperharmonic

Fibonacci numbers
Naim Tuglu1* , Can Kızılateş2 and Seyhun Kesim2
*
Correspondence:
naimtuglu@gazi.edu.tr Abstract
1
Department of Mathematics, Gazi
University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, In this paper, we study the theory of the harmonic and the hyperharmonic Fibonacci
06500, Turkey numbers. Also, we get some combinatoric identities like as harmonic and
Full list of author information is hyperharmonic numbers and we obtain some useful formulas for Fn , which is
available at the end of the article
concerned with finite sums of reciprocals of Fibonacci numbers. We obtain the
spectral and Euclidean norms of circulant matrices involving harmonic and
hyperharmonic Fibonacci numbers.
MSC: Primary 11B39; 05A19; secondary 05A10; 15A60
Keywords: harmonic number; hyperharmonic number; harmonic Fibonacci
number; hyperharmonic Fibonacci number; matrix norm

1 Introduction
The harmonic numbers have many applications in combinatorics and other areas. Many
authors have studied these numbers. The nth harmonic number, Hn , is defined by


n

Hn = ,
k
k=

where H = . The nth harmonic number Hn can be expressed as

n+

Hn = ,
n!

where nk denotes the Stirling number of the first kind, counting the permutations of n
elements that are the product of k disjoint cycles.
Several interesting properties of harmonic numbers can be found in []. For n ≥ , some
of them are the following:


n–
Hk = nHn – n, ()
k=
n–  
   
k n 
Hk = Hn – , ()
m m+ m+
k=


n–  
n 
kHk = Hn – , ()
 
k=

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