without a 9

B B

b
O 9550

84 14266 Chapter 5
14266

14406

A A 9550 9550

14266

without a 7 without an 8

Figure 5.8: Example 541. Figure 5.9: Example 542. Figure 5.10: Example 543.

1. How many are there? 7. How many have exactly four 9’s?
2. How many do not have a 9 in their decimal 8. How many have exactly five 9’s?
representation?
9. How many have neither an 8 nor a 9 in their decimal
3. How many have at least one 9 in their decimal representation?
representation?
10. How many have neither a 7, nor an 8, nor a 9 in their
4. How many have exactly one 9?
decimal representation?
5. How many have exactly two 9’s?
11. How many have either a 7, an 8, or a 9 in their decimal
6. How many have exactly three 9’s? representation?

Solution:

1. There are 9 possible choices for the first digit and 10 remaining spots. Thus in this case there are
possible choices for the remaining digits. The number 8 · 6 · 92 = 3888 such numbers. Altogether there are
of choices is thus 9 · 104 = 90000. 2916 + 3888 = 6804 five-digit positive integers with
exactly two 9’s in their decimal representation.
2. There are 8 possible choices for the first digit and 9
possible choices for the remaining digits. The number
6. Again we condition on the first digit. If the first digit is
of choices is thus 8 · 94 = 52488.
a 9 then two of the remaining four must be 
9’s, and the
3. The difference 90000 − 52488 = 37512. 4
choice of place can be accomplished in = 6 ways.
2
4. We condition on the first digit. If the first digit is a 9 The other two remaining digits must be different from
then the other four remaining digits must be different 9, giving 6 · 92 = 486 such numbers. If the first digit is
from 9, giving 94 = 6561 such numbers. If the first not a 9, then
 there are 8 choices for this first digit. Also,
digit is not a 9, then there 4
  are 8 choices for this first we have = 4 ways of choosing were the three 9’s
4 3
digit. Also, we have = 4 ways of choosing were will be, and we have 9 ways of filling the remaining
1
the 9 will be, and we have 93 ways of filling the 3 spot. Thus in this case there are 8 · 4 · 9 = 288 such
remaining spots. Thus in this case there are numbers. Altogether there are 486 + 288 = 774
8 · 4 · 93 = 23328 such numbers. In total there are five-digit positive integers with exactly three 9’s in their
6561 + 23328 = 29889 five-digit positive integers with decimal representation.
exactly one 9 in their decimal representation.
7. If the first digit is a 9 then three of the remaining four
5. We condition on the first digit. If the first digit is a 9 must be 9’s, and the choice of place can be
 
then one of the remaining four must be a9,and the 4
4 accomplished in = 4 ways. The other remaining
choice of place can be accomplished in = 4 ways. 3
1 digit must be different from 9, giving 4 · 9 = 36 such
The other three remaining digits must be different from numbers. If the first digit is not a 9, then there
  are 8
9, giving 4 · 93 = 2916 such numbers. If the first digit is 4
not a 9, then choices for this first digit. Also, we have =4
 there are 8 choices for this first digit. Also, 4
4 ways of choosing were the four 9’s will be, thus filling
we have = 6 ways of choosing were the two 9’s
2 all the spots. Thus in this case there are 8 · 1 = 8 such
will be, and we have 92 ways of filling the two numbers. Altogether there are 36 + 8 = 44 five-digit