EEE 132 / ETE 132 Introduction

to Materials and Chemistry

Lecture 6
Ideal Gas Equation Continued..

Kazi Naziba Tahsin

Lecturer
School of Engineering and Computer Science
Independent University, Bangladesh
Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas
• The goal of any molecular theory of matter is to understand the
macroscopic properties of matter in terms of its atomic or molecular
structure and behavior.
• Once we have this understanding, we can design materials to have
specific desired properties. Theories have led to the development of
high-strength steels, semiconductor materials for electronic devices,
and countless other materials essential to contemporary technology.
In this and the following sections we will consider a simple molecular
model of an ideal gas. This kinetic-molecular model represents the gas
as a large number of particles bouncing around in a closed container.
In this section we use the kinetic-molecular model to understand how
the ideal-gas equation of state.
• Here are the assumptions of our model:
• 1. A container with volume V contains a very large number N of
identical molecules, each with mass m.
• 2. The molecules behave as point particles that are small compared to
the size of the container and to the average distance between
molecules.
• 3. The molecules are in constant motion. Each molecule collides
occasionally with a wall of the container. These collisions are perfectly
elastic.
• 4. The container walls are rigid and infinitely massive and do not move.
Collisions and Gas Pressure
• During collisions the molecules exert forces on the walls of the
container; this is the origin of the pressure that the gas exerts.
In a typical collision (Fig. below) the velocity component
parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component
perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not
change in magnitude.
• Our program is first to determine the number of collisions that
occur per unit time for a certain area A of wall. Then we find
the total momentum change associated with these collisions
and the force needed to cause this momentum change. From
this we can determine the pressure, which is force per unit
area, and compare the result to the ideal-gas equation. We’ll
find a direct connection between the temperature of the gas
and the kinetic energy of the gas molecules
• To begin, we will assume that all molecules in the gas have the same
magnitude of x-velocity vx, This isn’t right, but making this temporary
assumption helps to clarify the basic ideas. We will show later that this
assumption isn’t really necessary.
Pressure and Molecular Kinetic Energies
Molecular Speeds
Problems
• Example 18.6 Molecular kinetic energy and vrms
• What is the average translational kinetic energy of an ideal-gas
molecule at (b) What is the total random translational kinetic energy
of the molecules in 1 mole of this gas? (c) What is the root-mean-
square speed of oxygen molecules at this temperature?
• Calculating rms and average speeds
• Five gas molecules chosen at random are found to have speeds of
500, 600, 700, 800, and What is the rms speed? What is the average
speed?
Read pg 604 – 605 (university physics)
• Calculating mean free path