Foot layer

Foot layer
absent
Foot layer missing.

Aristolochia arborea (Aristolochiaceae) Arophyton buchetii (Araceae) Pachypodium succulentum (Apocynaceae)

continuous
Foot layer forming a compact layer.

Anaphyllopsis americana (Araceae) Helwingia japonica (Cornaceae)

discontinuous
Foot layer interrupted.

Anthericum liliago (Asphodelaceae)

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 Foot layer
perforate
Foot layer penetrated by thin channels.

Geranium robertianum (Geraniaceae) Tulipa urumiensis (Liliaceae)

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 Infratectum

Infratectum
absent

Mahonia aquifolium (Berberidaceae)

alveolate
Infratectum with compartments of irregular size and shape.

Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae)

columellate
Infratectum with rod-like elements.

Apium nodiflorum (Apiaceae) Buddleja alternifolia (Buddlejaceae) Ophiorrhiza longiflora (Rubiaceae)

Podolasia stipitata (Araceae)

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 Infratectum
granular
Infratectum with small, globular compartments.

Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae) Ulmus laevis (Ulmaceae)

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 Wall peculiarities

Wall peculiarities
internal tectum
A ± continuous layer inbetween and parallel to foot layer and tectum, separated
from them by columellae.

Nigella arvensis (Ranunculaceae)

papilla
A small protuberance.

Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae) Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae) Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae)

viscin threads
Acetolysis-resistant, sporopolleninous threads arising from the pollen surface.

Circaea lutetiana (Onagraceae) Circaea lutetiana (Onagraceae) Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae)

Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae) Godetia purpurea (Onagraceae) Godetia purpurea (Onagraceae)

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