Tabular Summary of Agronomic Practices
Agronomic Purpose
Practice
1. Land The purpose of Land
Preparation Preparation is to guarantee
that the land area is ready for
planting. A well-prepared field
keeps weeds at bay, recycles
plant nutrients, and offers a
soft soil mass for transplanting
as well as a good soil surface
for direct seeding. Land
preparation encompasses a
wide variety of methods, from
zero-tillage or minimum tillage,
which reduces soil
disturbance, to completely
'puddled' soil, which destroys
soil structure.
Effect on Yield How it is Done
Land preparation has an Land Preparation has
indirect effect on yield processes:
since it improves field
conditions. Land 1.)Plowing or to "till" the soil
preparation is widely by digging it up, mixing it, and
accepted as an efficient turning it over. This makes it
weed management simpler for seedling crops to
method. Furthermore, establish themselves, as well
effective soil preparation as eliminating agricultural
allows for improved water waste and weeds. The tractor
control and, to a lesser is the most basic piece of
extent, fertilizer equipment needed to plow
management in wetland most fields. The tractor works
rice cultivation. as the plowing machine's
power source and controller,
much like a computer's CPU.
Plowing machinery are either
attached to the tractor or
pulled behind it.
2.) Harrowing is a technique
for breaking up soil clods into
smaller masses and
incorporating plant debris into
the soil. Disc harrows are
agricultural devices that
break up clods and surface
crusts, enhancing soil
granulation and eradicating
weeds in preparation for
planting or sowing. They are
made up of a gang of
concave cutting blades
positioned on a common
shaft.
3.) Leveling the Field is a
surface irrigation metric used
in basin and furrow-irrigation.
It entails preparing the
irrigation plot such that there
are no high and/or low places
that disrupt the consistent
distribution of irrigation water
over the field, as well as
assuring the best slope for

2. Plant Plant propagation is the
Propagatio process through which plants
multiply and live. The Purpose
n of Plant Propagation is a cost-
effective technique to obtain
additional plants for your
garden and a means to
generate new cultivars and
variations with unique traits
and pest resistance, in order
to insuring the continuance of
each species and variation.
3.Pest Pests are creatures that may
Management compete with crop species or
cause damage to them. They
diminish plant density, induce
stunted growth and mortality,
lower production capacity,
harm berries, and impair
agricultural product
productivity and quality in a
variety of ways. The purpose
of Pest management allows
famers/agriprenuers to study
and practice of preventing
agricultural crop damage by
pests, plant diseases, and
other pest organisms.
One of the most
astounding features of
plants is that each cell has
the potential to reproduce
all of the plant's
components and
functions. You may grow a
totally new plant by taking
a cutting of a leaf or stem
and putting it in the correct
circumstances. Plant
Propagation also
generates the same
quality as the parent.
Plants that lack viable
seed can nevertheless be
reproduced. The flowers
that are produced are of
exceptional quality. Fruit's
desirable characteristics
can be preserved.
Pesticides assist farmers
in reducing insect damage
to crops while also
increasing food output.
Pesticides are crucial
because they increase the
quality and production of
agricultural products. It
protects plants as well as
the safety of the
consumers who will
consume the products.
water circulation through an
irrigated land. Harrows and
leveling boards are used by
draft animals and two-wheel
tractors.
Sexual and asexual
propagation are the two
forms of propagation. The
combination of pollen and
egg, which draws on the
genes of two parents to form
a new, third person, is known
as sexual reproduction. The
floral components of a plant
are used in sexual
propagation. Taking a piece
of one parent plant and
forcing it to regenerate into a
new plant is known as
asexual propagation. The
new plant that emerges is
genetically identical to its
parent. The vegetative
elements of a plant, such as
stems, roots, or leaves, are
used in asexual propagation.
1.) The first step of Pest
Management starts with
identifying pests and monitor
progress. To establish the
best preventative measures,
decrease the wasteful use of
pesticides, and document
monitoring data and
inspection findings, including
suggestions, accurate pest
identification and monitoring
are essential.
2.)The second step is to set
action thresholds. A pest
population level at which the
presence of the pest
constitutes an annoyance,
health danger, or economic
concern is known as an
action threshold.
3.)The next step is prevent
pests by plowing, crop
 rotation, removing sick plant
debris, cleaning greenhouse
and tillage equipment, and
good manure management
are among cultural activities
used to deny pests a
pleasant environment or
prevent their spread.

4.)Last step is control pest via

utilization of cultural,
chemical, and biological
methods This may be
accomplished by closely
monitoring the crop, only
using pesticides when
absolutely required, and
cultivating pest-resistant
kinds and crops. Biological
methods are utilized
wherever possible,
encouraging the pests'
natural enemies and
introducing suitable predators
or parasites.

4.Water Agricultural water

Management management include irrigation
as well as water application.
Drainage and watershed
management, fishery
management, and technology
for lifting, storing, and
transferring water are all
examples of soil, land, and
ecosystem conservation
strategies. Traditional water
management focused on
increasing the efficiency of
water usage in large-scale
irrigation schemes, with the
goal of controlling rather than
managing water. There is a
need for improved procedures
as more farmers invest in
small-scale irrigation systems
and regulation is either
nonexistent or disorganized.
Farmers' earnings and food
security might be improved by
water management.
Farmers irrigate crops to
maintain and enhance Water Management in
yields, as well as to Agriculture can be
increase the number of accomplished by increasing
crops planted each year. crop water productivity
Irrigated yields are two to (marketable crop yield per
three times higher than unit of water transpired)
rain-fed yields globally. through irrigation, reducing
For high-value, high-input water losses through soil
cropping systems, a evaporation that could
stable and flexible supply otherwise be used by plants
of water is essential. One for growth, and increasing
of the most significant soil water storage within the
inputs required for crop plant rooting zone through
production is water. Plants improved soil and water
require it on a regular management practices at the
basis and in large farm and area-wide
quantities throughout their (catchment) scales.
lives. It has a significant
impact on photosynthesis,
respiration, absorption,
translocation, and use of
mineral nutrients, as well
as cell division.
5. Control of The purpose of Controlling the The effect of controlling Container size, timing, water
Plant Growth Plant Growth and the plant growth and stress, nutritional stress,
Development is based on the development in yield it mechanical conditioning,
and order observed in nature for removes dead and dying spacing, light quality and
Development utilitarian or aesthetic branches and stubs, quantity, pinching, and
purposes. Also it promotes making way for new temperature are all choices
(Chemical and good plant health, remove growth and preventing for physical control of plant
Physical) damaged limbs, encourage harm to your property and growth and development.
new growth, and maintain passers-by. It also Root restriction can also be
shape. Perennial plants are protects the plant from used to regulate plant
the most usually treated. pests and animals, as well development. This is
as promoting its natural accomplished by utilizing a
form and healthy growth. smaller container or more
It aids in the support of the plants per pot. While on the
plant and allows it to get hand, the Chemical Control of
sufficient sunlight, which is Plant Growth and
critical for a good Development are
production. Controlled accomplished by
plant crops are very phytohormones (also known
simple to harvest. as plant hormones) are
Because the fruits are chemical compounds that
above the ground, control the growth and
plucking them is simple development of plants.
and stress-free. Auxins, gibberellins (GA),
abscisic acid (ABA),
cytokinins (CK), salicylic acid
(SA), ethylene (ET),
jasmonates (JA),
brassinosteroids (BR), and
peptides are among the
hormones produced by
plants.

6. Light Light Management Plant food production, Light Management can be

Management encompasses all elements of
improving the use of light
sources for the benefit of all
crops. Light is the most
essential variable impacting
photosynthetic production.
The rate of transpiration of
any crop is determined by the
ambient temperature,
humidity, and light. Of these
three factors, light is typically
beyond our control because it
comes from the sun.
Supplemental illumination
does have the potential to
boost yield during periods of
low light. When light
intensities are too great, the
alternative methods of light
manipulation are confined to
screening or shade.
stem length, leaf color,
and blooming are all
influenced by light
management. Plants
cultivated in low light are
often spindly and have
pale green leaves. Similar
plants cultivated in intense
light have shorter,
stronger branches and
bigger, dark green leaves.
The quantity of light a
plant receives determines
its pace of development
and how long it stays
active. Photosynthesis,
the plant's most basic
metabolic activity, uses
light energy. There are
three factors to examine
when calculating the
accomplished by:
1. The amount of light is
affected by shading. Pruning,
training, and optimum
spacing, as well as planting
orientation, can help.
2. Particles suspended in the
air, such as dust or smoke,
reduce the amount of sunlight
entering the plants.
3. Supplementary lighting can
also be used to raise the
amount of available sunlight.
4. Covering or enhanced
lighting can be used to
control the duration of light.
 impact of light on plant
growth: intensity, duration,
and quality.

7. Wind The purpose of wind Wind Management Wind Management can be

Protection management is to reduce
damage to vegetables and
crops, protect vegetables and
fruit trees while they are
flowering (because fruits and
vegetables develop from
flowers, protecting the flowers
from strong winds can
increase production), and
reduce soil erosion and the
amount of moisture that the
wind evaporates from soils.
. generation of ethylene in
permits crop growth and accomplished by planting
development to be Windbreaks. Windbreaks are
influenced significantly by a series of trees or shrubs
wind direction and planted in a row to lessen
velocity. Wind promotes wind force. They can help
atmospheric turbulence, with soil erosion, agricultural
which enhances carbon productivity, and livestock
dioxide supply to plants, protection from heat and cold.
resulting in higher Windbreaks alter the
photosynthetic rates. environment by limiting wind
Hormone balance is speed.
disrupted by wind. The They protect the environment
in the regions they shelter.
barley and rice is Reduced wind speed results
increased by the wind. in tempered soil and air
temperatures, higher relative
humidity, reduced
evaporation, and increased
soil moisture. These effects
are governed by the height,
length, density, placement,
and tree or shrub species of a
windbreak.

8.Soil
Management Soil management affects crop When opposed to plowing Soil Management can be
production, environmental and other intensive land achieved by:
sustainability, and human preparation and cultivation
health in both direct and methods, soil 1. Tillage inversion and
indirect ways. The management leaves more soil traffic reduction.
management of soils will residue on the soil 2. Increasing the
become increasingly crucial in surface, lowers erosion, amount of organic
the next years as the world and conserves soil matter in the soil.
population is expected to rise, moisture. Healthy soils are 3. Utilization of Cover
necessitating the the cornerstone of the Crops.
intensification of food food system. Our soils are 4. Pesticide use is
production. The issue will be the foundation of being reduced, and
to manage soils in a agriculture and the habitat for beneficial
sustainable manner in order to growing substrate for organisms is being
attain future food security, practically all food- provided.
which will need correct producing plants. Healthy 5. Rotating Crops/
nutrient management and soils yield healthy crops, Diversifying Crop
suitable soil conservation which nourish both Rotation.
methods. humans and animals. 6. Nutrient Management
Food quality and quantity
are inextricably tied to soil
quality. Soils provide our
food-producing plants with
the critical nutrients,
water, oxygen, and root
support they require to
grow and thrive. They also
act as a temperature
buffer, protecting sensitive
plant roots from extreme
temperature changes.