Design of Staircase
1. Design Data
Total Width of the staircase well: 3179 mm
Width of Flight = 3179 mm
Total Length of the staircase well: 10370 mm
Total Height of the staircase well: 3800 mm
Rise of The Flight (R) : 150 mm
Tread of the Flight (T) : 280 mm
Grade of Steel (Fy) = 500 Mpa
Grade of Concrete (Fc) = 20 Mpa
Floor Finish Considered = 1.5 kN/m²
Live Load Consoidered = 3.0 kN/m²
Length of Front landing = 0 mm
Length of End landing = 1100 mm
2. Calculation for Effective Span & Effective Depth
Projected span of stair = 10370 mm
Length between supports, lc/c =lc+ bs = 10370 mm
Eff. depth of the waist slab =leff/(23*modification factor ) = 266 mm
Minimum depth to be provided dmin. =√M / 0.1336fckb = 82 mm
Overall Depth (D) =d + clear cover +Φ/2 = 287 mm
Provided Overall depth of Waist Slab (D)= 125 mm
Dia. Of Bar Used , Φ = 12 mm
Provided Eff. depth of Waist Slab (d)= D-clear cover-Φ/2 = 104 mm
Effective span, leff. = lc/c =Length between supports 10370 mm
Critical depth of neutral axis: Xm = 0.46 d = 48 mm
Limiting moment: Mlim. = 0.36xm/d (1-0.42xm/d) bd²fck = 46 kN m
3. Calculation of Loads
Load Factor 1.1
No. of treads per meter = n = 1000/T = 4
Load for Landing =
Self weight of landing = 3.13 kN/m²
Floor Finish Considered = 1.5 kN/m²
Live Load Consoidered = 3.0 kN/m²
Total Load on Landing = 7.63 kN/m²
Factored load on landing = 8.39 kN/m²
For 3179 mm width of flight Design Load = 26.66 kN/m
Load for Flight =
Area of Step Section = 0.02 m²
Area of Inclined Slab = 0.04 m²
Area of floor finish = 0.01 m²
Total area = 0.07 m²
In 3.179 m width and given Tread in plan length ,DL of step section = 1.84 kN/m²
DL per m² on plan = 7.36 kN/m²
LL per m² on plan = 3.0 kN/m²
Total load of Flight = 10.4 kN/m²
Factored load of Flight = 11.4 kN/m²
For 3.179 m width of flight ,Design Load = 36.2 kN/m²
3. Computation of Reinforcement
Maximum Support Reaction Taken from ETABS = 30 kN
Maximum Moment Taken from ETABS = 18 kN m
Maximum Reinforcement at Support from ETABS = 447.00 m²
Maximum Reinforcement at Mid from ETABS = 285.00 m²
Calculation of Main Bars :
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*(d -Ast * fy /fck/b)
a 0.025
b -105
c 41379.31
Ast min 124.8
Tension Reinforcement = Ast = 447.00 mm²
Try, Φ = 12 mm
AΦ = ΠΦ²/4= 113.04 mm²
Spacing = bx AΦ / Ast reqd. = 402 mm
Provide 12 mm - Φ HYSD steel bars @ 150 mm c/c
Ast .provided = b x AΦ /spacing = 753.60 mm²
pt =100Ast./bd = % > 0.12% = 0.7 %
Φ-max = 1/8*D= 15.625 12 mm
Maximum spacing = least of 3d & 300mm 300 mm
> spacing provided
Distribution Bars in waist slab :
Area of distribution bars =0.12% of bD = 150.00 mm²
Try, Φ = 8 mm AΦ = ΠΦ²/4= 50.24 mm²
Spacing = b x AΦ / Ast reqd. = 335 mm
Provide 8 mm - Φ HYSD steel bars @ 150 mm c/c
Maximum spacing = least of 5d & 450mm 450 mm
> spacing provided
Distribution Bars in steps :
Provide 1 - 12 Φ bar as temperature reinforcement in each step.
Provide the landing slab distribution reinforcement similar to waist slab distribution reinforcement.
4. Development Length / Anchorage
Design Bond Stress of concrete M20 for plain bars in tension, Гbd 1.2 N/mm²
Design Bond Stress of M20 for deformed bars in tension, Гbd' =1.6 x Гbd = 1.9 N/mm²
Design Bond Stress of M20 for deformed bars in compression=1.25*above= 2.4 N/mm²
Stress in bar at the section considered at design load = σs =0.87*fy = 435.0 N/mm²
Diameter of the main tension bars (Fe 500) = Φ = 12 mm
Tension Steel Development length = Ld =Φσs/4Гbd (Cl.26.2.1) = 680 mm
Compression Steel Development length = Ld =Φσs/4Гbd (Cl.26.2.1) = 544 mm
Min. embedment = Ld / 3 (Cl.[Link]) 227 mm
Embedment with U hooks behind centre of support = bs/2 -25 +16Φ = 317 mm
Development length, Ld should be available in either direction to top as well as bottom bars.
Hence provide , Ld = 550 mm for comp. bars & 700 mm for tension. bars.
5. Deflection Check ( as per IS 456:2000 ,Cl. 23.2)
Ast required = 447.00 mm²
Ast,provided = 753.60 mm²
fs =0.58x fy x Ast, required / Ast, provided (Cl.23.2.c & Fig.4) 172.01
Effective span = L = 10370 mm
Effective depth = d = 104 mm
Mu/bd^2 1.05
fs= 172.0 N/mm²
Mf 1.82
Modification factor ( α =26 for continuous slab & β = 1 for L <10 m ),γ =
L / d actual = 99.71 <<<< L / d per. = αβγ 47.32
REVISE :(
6. Check for Shear Check
Vmax =V at d distance from support = 30.0 kN
Nominal ShearStress , Гv =V/bd (Cl. 40.1) = 0.3 N/mm²
Maximum shear Stress, Гcmax for M20 ( Cl.40.2.3, Table 20) 2.8 N/mm²
Percentage of Tension Reinforcement =pt =100Ast/bd = 0.7 %
Design Shear Strength of Concrete with pt% and M20, Гc = 0.6 N/mm²
Enhanced Shear Strength , Гc' = k x Гc (Cl.[Link]) =1.3 x Гc = 0.7 N/mm²
Since Гc >> Г , No Shear reinforcement is required in the staircase ► ► OKEY :)
pt Гc
0.75 0.56
1 0.62
